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Similarities and differences between kratom use disorder (KUD) and other SUDs are explored, along with assessment, diagnostic, and therapeutic recommendations for KUD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Literature reports of \u201ckratom addiction\u201d or KUD rarely specify the criteria by which patients were diagnosed. Individuals meeting DSM-5 KUD criteria typically do so via tolerance and withdrawal, using more than intended, and craving, not functional or \u200bpsychosocial disruption, which occur rarely. Most clinicians who use medication to treat patients with isolated KUD select buprenorphine formulations, although there are no controlled studies showing that buprenorphine is safe or efficacious in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diagnosis and treatment decisions for KUD should be systematic. We propose an algorithm that takes into consideration whether KUD occurs with comorbid opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01524-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T03:43:43Z","timestamp":1723520623000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kirsten E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, editor. 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Weiss and Epstein report no conflicts of interest to disclose. Drs. Weiss and Epstein are funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.   In the past 36 months, Dr. Smith has served as a paid scientific advisor to the International Plant and Herbal Alliance and The Kratom Coalition, and serves as an expert witness in legal cases involving kratom. Dr. Smith is funded by NIDA grant R00DA055571.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"All reported studies\/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional\/national research committee standards, and international\/national\/institutional guidelines).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}