{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:01:21Z","timestamp":1784959281726,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Psychiatry Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:32:40Z","timestamp":1784957560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in three understudied populations: A review of Latino, Black, and Sexual &amp; Gender Minority Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogechi C.","family":"Onyeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Pinciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Storch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1707_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1402176","volume":"371","author":"JE Grant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grant JE. Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):646\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1402176.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04209-5","volume":"23","author":"DJ Stein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stein DJ, Ruscio AM, Altwaijri Y, Chiu WT, Sampson NA, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-025-04209-5 . PubMed PMID: 40629326; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12239380.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1707_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724001375","volume":"54","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Miguel C, Ciharova M, Amarnath A, Lin J, Zhao R, et al. The effectiveness of psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published over last 30 years. Psychol Med. 2024;54(11):2838\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291724001375.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.11.004","volume":"24","author":"M Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams M, Powers M, Yun YG, Foa E. Minority participation in randomized controlled trials for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(2):171\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.11.004 . PubMed PMID: 20143498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3431431.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1707_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0666","volume":"82","author":"A Bellato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bellato A, Radu\u00e0 J, Stocker A, Lockman MS, Lall A, Ravisankar V, et al. Reporting and Representation of Race and Ethnicity in Clinical Trials of Pharmacotherapy for Mental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2025;82(7):663\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0666.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114324","volume":"307","author":"JK Wynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wynn JK, Reavis EA. Representation of sexual and gender minorities in psychiatric research. Psychiatry Res. 2022;307:114324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114324 . PubMed PMID: 34894423.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1521\/bumc.2024.88.2.148","volume":"88","author":"OJ Morris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morris OJ, Wiese AD, Pinciotti CM, Pacheco R, Mallen MCM, Schweissing EJ, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American ancestry: Cultural considerations for assessment and psychotherapy. Bull Menninger Clin. 2024;88(2):148\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/bumc.2024.88.2.148.","journal-title":"Bull Menninger Clin"},{"key":"1707_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101057","volume":"45","author":"A Errazuriz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Errazuriz A, Avello-Vega D, Passi-Solar A, Torres R, Bacigalupo F, Crossley NA, et al. Prevalence of anxiety disorders in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2025;45:101057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101057 . PubMed PMID: 40225404; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11986631.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2011.12.001","volume":"1","author":"CT Wetterneck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wetterneck CT, Little TE, Rinehart KL, Cervantes ME, Hyde E, Williams M. Latinos with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Mental healthcare utilization and inclusion in clinical trials. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2012;1(2):85\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2011.12.001.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32962","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32962","volume":"195","author":"JJ Crowley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crowley JJ, Cappi C, Ochoa-Panaifo ME, Frederick RM, Kook M, Wiese AD, et al. Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO): Study protocol. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2024;195(4):e32962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32962 . PubMed PMID: 37946624; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11076176.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"14","key":"1707_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720005437","volume":"52","author":"M Cervin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cervin M, Miguel EC, G\u00fcler AS, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Erdo\u011fdu AB, Lazaro L, et al. Towards a definitive symptom structure of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a factor and network analysis of 87 distinct symptoms in 1366 individuals. Psychol Med. 2022;52(14):3267\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720005437.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020274","volume":"10","author":"AP Vellozo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vellozo AP, Fontenelle LF, Torresan RC, Shavitt RG, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Ros\u00e1rio MC, et al. Symmetry Dimension in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Severity and Clinical Correlates. J Clin Med. 2021;10(2):274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10020274 . PubMed PMID: 33451078; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7828517.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1707_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.010","volume":"57","author":"RG Shavitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shavitt RG, de Mathis MA, Oki F, Ferrao YA, Fontenelle LF, Torres AR, et al. Phenomenology of OCD: lessons from a large multicenter study and implications for ICD-11. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;57:141\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.06.010 . PubMed PMID: 25012187; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7326117.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.006","volume":"209","author":"RC Torresan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torresan RC, Ramos-Cerqueira ATA, Shavitt RG, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, de Mathis MA, Miguel EC, et al. Symptom dimensions, clinical course and comorbidity in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;209(2):186\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.006 . PubMed PMID: 23298952.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1707_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.051","volume":"190","author":"AR Torres","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torres AR, Fontenelle LF, Shavitt RG, Ferr\u00e3o YA, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, Storch EA, et al. Comorbidity variation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder according to symptom dimensions: Results from a large multicentre clinical sample. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:508\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.051 . PubMed PMID: 26561941.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115627","volume":"331","author":"MO Lima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lima MO, Saraiva LC, Ramos VR, Oliveira MC, Costa DLC, Fernandez TV, et al. Clinical characteristics of probands with obsessive-compulsive disorder from simplex and multiplex families. Psychiatry Res. 2024;331:115627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115627.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1707_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.04.024","volume":"254","author":"GC Medeiros","year":"2017","unstructured":"Medeiros GC, Torres AR, Boisseau CL, Leppink EW, Eisen JL, Fontenelle LF, et al. A cross-cultural clinical comparison between subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder from the United States and Brazil. Psychiatry Res. 2017;254:104\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.04.024 . PubMed PMID: 28457988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5517316.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1707_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.04.002","volume":"76","author":"V Brakoulias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brakoulias V, Starcevic V, Belloch A, Brown C, Ferrao YA, Fontenelle LF, et al. Comorbidity, age of onset and suicidality in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD): An international collaboration. Compr Psychiatr. 2017;76:79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.04.002.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"1707_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20357","volume":"25","author":"DA Chavira","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chavira DA, Garrido H, Bagnarello M, Azzam A, Reus VI, Mathews CA. A comparative study of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Costa Rica and the United States. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(7):609\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20357 . PubMed PMID: 17823962.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2020.1793309","volume":"23","author":"NC Berman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berman NC, Gallegos-Guajardo J, Reuman L, Ramirez M, Valdez G, Abramowitz JS. Cross-cultural differences in obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions across young adults in Mexico and USA. Mental Health Relig Cult. 2020;23(5):443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2020.1793309.","journal-title":"Mental Health Relig Cult"},{"key":"1707_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117113","volume":"361","author":"RJ McCarty","year":"2026","unstructured":"McCarty RJ, Jensen M, Cruz EPJS, Sagarnaga MN, Quiroz PC, Mi\u00f1o T, et al. Mental health stigma in Latin American youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2026;361:117113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117113.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1707_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.07.007","volume":"86","author":"P Velloso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Velloso P, Piccinato C, Ferr\u00e3o Y, Perin EA, Cesar R, Fontenelle LF, et al. Clinical predictors of quality of life in a large sample of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;86:82\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.07.007 . PubMed PMID: 30086510.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119886","volume":"391","author":"KM Wagner","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wagner KM, Cervin M, Cheng JSC, Arriaga J, Cruz VZ, Berrones D, et al. Transdiagnostic links of reward processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. J Affect Disord. 2025;391:119886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119886.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05651blu","volume":"72","author":"AR do Torres","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torres AR, Ramos-Cerqueira ATA, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Fontenelle LF, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, Miguel EC. Suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence and relation to symptom dimensions and comorbid conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(1):17\u201326. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.09m05651blu","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.05.003","volume":"38","author":"P Velloso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Velloso P, Piccinato C, Ferr\u00e3o Y, Perin EA, Cesar R, Fontenelle L, et al. The suicidality continuum in a large sample of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Eur Psychiatry. 2016;38:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.05.003.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.115","volume":"276","author":"L Pellegrini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellegrini L, Maietti E, Rucci P, Casadei G, Maina G, Fineberg NA, et al. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2020;276:1001\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.115.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.018","volume":"256","author":"MS Domingues-Castro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domingues-Castro MS, Torresan RC, Shavitt RG, Fontenelle LF, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Ros\u00e1rio MC, et al. Bipolar disorder comorbidity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and predictors. J Affect Disord. 2019;256:324\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.018.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.010","volume":"100","author":"AF Gentil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gentil AF, de Mathis MA, Torresan RC, Diniz JB, Alvarenga P, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, et al. Alcohol use disorders in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: The importance of appropriate dual-diagnosis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;100(1):173\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.010.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1707_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.044","volume":"154","author":"M Cervin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cervin M, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, Fontenelle LF, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Batistuzzo MC, Torres AR, et al. Taboo obsessions and their association with suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;154:117\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.044 . PubMed PMID: 35933855.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1707_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e3o Y, Chedid P, Bolzan P, Brandelli Costa A, Ferr\u00e3o Y. Stigmatization of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An exploratory survey. 9. 2025;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52338\/jopr.2025.4455","DOI":"10.52338\/jopr.2025.4455"},{"issue":"8","key":"1707_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12172","volume":"68","author":"JB Gomes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomes JB, Van Noppen B, Pato M, Braga DT, Meyer E, Bortoncello CF, et al. Patient and family factors associated with family accommodation in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;68(8):621\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12172.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020981107","volume":"68","author":"MB de Matos","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Matos MB, Pires AJ, Trettim JP, Scholl CC, Tabele\u00e3o VP, Stigger RS, et al. Family perception of the symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patient and the family accommodation. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(1):73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764020981107","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1707_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103371","volume":"9","author":"A Kracker Imthon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kracker Imthon A, Ant\u00f4nio Caldart C, do Ros\u00e1rio MC, Fontenelle LF, Constantino Miguel E, Arzeno Ferr\u00e3o Y. Stressful Life Events and the Clinical Expression of Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An Exploratory Study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9103371.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1707_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2026.101011","volume":"49","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Buckland EK, Tapia-Cuevas V, Romero MJ, Obando D, Longhurst M, et al. Clinical presentation of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in Latin American individuals. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2026;49:101011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2026.101011.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"Supl 3","key":"1707_CR35","first-page":"13","volume":"19","author":"H Nicolini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nicolini H, Herrera K, P\u00e1ez F, de Carmona MS, Orozco B, Lodeiro G, et al. Traducci\u00f3n al espa\u00f1ol y confiabilidad de la Escala Yale-Brown para el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo. Salud Mental. 1996;19(Supl 3):13\u20136.","journal-title":"Salud Mental"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR36","first-page":"216","volume":"32","author":"RE Ulloa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ulloa RE, de la Pe\u00f1a F, Higuera F, Palacios L, Nicolini H, Avila JM. [Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive rating scale for children and adolescents]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2004;32(4):216\u201321. PubMed PMID: 15232750.","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"1707_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.05.004","volume":"24","author":"SL Garnaat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garnaat SL, Norton PJ. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale across four racial\/ethnic groups. J Anxiety Disord. 2010;24(7):723\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.05.004.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116456","volume":"348","author":"EA Storch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Storch EA, Cheng JSC, Higham M, Mu\u00f1oz JS, Cruz VZ, Berrones D, et al. Psychometric properties of the Spanish Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale \u2013 Second Edition. Psychiatry Res. 2025;348:116456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116456.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1707_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119719","volume":"390","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Avery J, Zhang C, Mu\u00f1oz JS, Berrones D, Cruz VZ, et al. Benchmarking empirical severity for the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Second Edition. J Affect Disord. 2025;390:119719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119719.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.12.011","volume":"194","author":"EA Storch","year":"2026","unstructured":"Storch EA, McCarty RJ, Zehavi M, Ahmad M, Cruz VZ, Berrones D, et al. Predictive validity of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-4 and Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-II severity scale. J Psychiatr Res. 2026;194:349\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.12.011.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001798","volume":"11","author":"MC Rosario-Campos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosario-Campos MC, Miguel EC, Quatrano S, Chacon P, Ferrao Y, Findley D, et al. The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS): an instrument for assessing obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. Mol Psychiatry. 2006;11(5):495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mp.4001798 . PubMed PMID: 16432526.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2021-2088","volume":"44","author":"MC Batistuzzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batistuzzo MC, Fontenelle L, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Ros\u00e1rio MC, Miguel EC, Fatori D. Factor structure of the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in a large sample of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Braz J Psychiatry. 2022;44:57\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2021-2088.","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.11.006","volume":"21","author":"B de la Trevi\u00f1o","year":"2019","unstructured":"de la Trevi\u00f1o- B, Berman N, Fisak B, Ruvalcaba-Romero N, Gallegos-Guajardo J. Validation of The Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Mexican population. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2019;21:13\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.11.006.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"1707_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136842","volume":"10","author":"AE Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez AE, Rodr\u00edguez-Jim\u00e9nez T, Piqueras JA, Vera-Villarroel P, Godoy A. Psychometric Properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in Chilean Children and Adolescents. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136842 . PubMed PMID: 26317404; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4552748.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1707_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.031","volume":"303","author":"R Orozco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orozco R, Vigo D, Benjet C, Borges G, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Andrade LH, et al. Barriers to treatment for mental disorders in six countries of the Americas: A regional report from the World Mental Health Surveys. J Affect Disord. 2022;303:273\u201385. .031 PubMed PMID: 35176342; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11345908.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20533-6","volume":"24","author":"JA Newberry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Newberry JA, Gimenez MA, Gunturkun F, Villa E, Maldonado M, Gonzalez D, et al. Mental health care-seeking and barriers: a cross-sectional study of an urban Latinx community. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20533-6 . PubMed PMID: 39516848; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11545330.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1707_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2021.100693","volume":"32","author":"MI Perez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perez MI, Limon DL, Candelari AE, Cepeda SL, Ramirez AC, Guzick AG, et al. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Misdiagnosis among Mental Healthcare Providers in Latin America. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2022;32:100693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2021.100693 . PubMed PMID: 34840937; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8612600.","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1707_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7995","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09110","volume":"76","author":"K Glazier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glazier K, Swing M, McGinn LK. Half of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Cases Misdiagnosed: Vignette-Based Survey of Primary Care Physicians. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(6):7995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.14m09110.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23775","volume":"81","author":"L Weinberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weinberg L, Martin LA, Post KM, Ricketts EJ. Psychologists\u2019 Diagnostic Accuracy and Treatment Recommendations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Clin Psychol. 2025;81(5):324\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.23775.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1707_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mathai DS, Robinson JO, Wagner K, Neitzke-Spruill L, Berrones D, Anderberg JL, et al. Real-world use of classic and non-classic psychedelics in Hispanic\/Latino adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: International findings from the LATINO Study. Braz J Psychiatry. 2025 ;29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47626\/1516-4446-2025-4316","DOI":"10.47626\/1516-4446-2025-4316"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2686","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2686","volume":"34","author":"V Brakoulias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brakoulias V, Starcevic V, Albert U, Arumugham SS, Bailey BE, Belloch A, et al. Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2019;34(1):e2686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hup.2686 . PubMed PMID: 30628745.","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR52","first-page":"54","volume":"2","author":"Alarc\u00f3n RD,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alarc\u00f3n RD. Mental health and mental health care in Latin America. World Psychiatry. 2003;2(1):54\u20136.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.02.004","volume":"5","author":"MT Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams MT, Sawyer B, Leonard RC, Ellsworth M, Simms J, Riemann BC. Minority participation in a major residential and intensive outpatient program for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2015;5:67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.02.004.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"key":"1707_CR54","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1a G, Martinez G. Key facts about U.S. Latinos. Pew Research Center [Internet]. 2025 Oct 22 [cited 2026 Jul 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2025\/10\/22\/key-facts-about-us-latinos\/"},{"key":"1707_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102192","volume":"96","author":"JR Cougle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cougle JR, Grubaugh AL. Do psychosocial treatment outcomes vary by race or ethnicity? A review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev. 2022;96:102192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102192.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1707_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102229","volume":"73","author":"TS Peris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peris TS, Rozenman MS, Bai S, Perez J, Thamrin H, Piacentini J. Ethnicity moderates outcome in family focused treatment for pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;73:102229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102229 . PubMed PMID: 32361032.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1707_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000770","volume":"90","author":"GC Patriarca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patriarca GC, Rey Y, Marin CE, Yeguez CE, Pettit JW, Silverman WK. Parent involvement enhances CBTs for anxiety disorders in Hispanic\/Latino youth: Acculturation as a moderator. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2022;90(10):827\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000770 . PubMed PMID: 36355650; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9727821.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.008","volume":"26","author":"C Belotto-Silva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Belotto-Silva C, Diniz JB, Malavazzi DM, Val\u00e9rio C, Fossaluza V, Borcato S, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A practical clinical trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.008.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000322028","volume":"80","author":"CP Borges","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borges CP, Meyer E, Ferr\u00e3o YA, Souza FP, Sousa MB, Cordioli AV. Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy versus Sertraline for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Five-Year Follow-Up. Psychother Psychosom. 2011;80(4):249\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000322028.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246580999066X","volume":"38","author":"E Cabedo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cabedo E, Belloch A, Carri\u00f3 C, Larsson C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Alvarez H, Garc\u00eda F. Group Versus Individual Cognitive Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Changes in Severity at Post-Treatment and One-Year Follow-up. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2010;38(2):227\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S135246580999066X.","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2025.08.001","volume":"57","author":"MA de Mathis","year":"2026","unstructured":"de Mathis MA, Flygare O, Costa DLC, Morais I, Rocha J, Borcato S, et al. Acceptability and Feasibility of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Brazil. Behav Ther. 2026;57(1):176\u201387. .001 PubMed PMID: 41620242.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1707_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.09.019","volume":"246","author":"JB Gomes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomes JB, Cordioli AV, Bortoncello CF, Braga DT, Gon\u00e7alves F, Heldt E. Impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder on family accommodation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Res. 2016;246:70\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.09.019.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.12.001","volume":"24","author":"AL Raffin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raffin AL, Fachel JMG, Ferr\u00e3o YA, de Souza FP, Cordioli AV. Predictors of response to group cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2009;24(5):297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.12.001.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000680","volume":"30","author":"T Galvan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galvan T, Venta A, Moreno O, Gudi\u00f1o OG, Mercado A. Cultural stress is toxic stress: An expanded cultural stress theory model for understanding mental health risk in Latinx immigrant youth. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2024;30(4):863\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cdp0000680 . PubMed PMID: 38780599.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1707_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20434","volume":"25","author":"JA Himle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Himle JA, Muroff JR, Taylor RJ, Baser RE, Abelson JM, Hanna GL, et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder among African Americans and blacks of Caribbean descent: results from the national survey of American life. Depress Anxiety. 2008;25(12):993\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20434.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1707_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2020.100592","volume":"27","author":"A Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson A, Thayer K. Cross-cultural differences in the presentation and expression of OCD in Black individuals: A systematic review. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2020;27:100592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2020.100592.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.03.003","volume":"3","author":"JA Nota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nota JA, Blakey SM, George-Denn DA, Jacoby RJ, Schubert JR, Abramowitz JS, et al. The experience of OCD-related intrusive thoughts in African and European Americans: Testing the generalizability of cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2014;3(2):115\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.03.003.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.03.004","volume":"1","author":"MT Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams MT, Elstein J, Buckner E, Abelson JM, Himle JA. Symptom dimensions in two samples of African Americans with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2012;1(3):145\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.03.004.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"1707_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.013","volume":"45","author":"MT Williams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams MT, Turkheimer E. Identification and explanation of racial differences on contamination measures. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(12):3041\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2007.08.013.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2012.701663","volume":"42","author":"MG Wheaton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wheaton MG, Berman NC, Fabricant LE, Abramowitz JS. Differences in Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Symptoms and Obsessive Beliefs: A Comparison between African Americans, Asian Americans, Latino Americans, and European Americans. Cogn Behav Ther. 2013;42(1):9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16506073.2012.701663 . PubMed PMID: 23134374.","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"1707_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.08.002","volume":"19","author":"JR George","year":"2018","unstructured":"George JR, Pittenger C, Kelmendi B, Lohr JM, Adams TG. Disgust sensitivity mediates the effects of race on contamination aversion. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2018;19:72\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.08.002","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2020.1826261","volume":"50","author":"MT Williams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Williams MT, Taylor RJ, George JR, Schlaudt VA, Ifatunji MA, Chatters LM. Correlates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among Black Caribbean Americans. Int J Mental Health. 2021;50(1):53\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207411.2020.1826261 . PubMed PMID: 33840831.","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1707_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000285","volume":"87","author":"MT Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams MT, Taylor RJ, Mouzon DM, Oshin LA, Himle JA, Chatters LM. Discrimination and symptoms of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder among African Americans. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87(6):636\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000285.","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dromer E, Jacob G, Williams MT, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Darius W, Kogan CS, et al. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and related risk and protective factors in Black individuals in Canada. Front Psychol. 2025;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1422900.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1422900"},{"key":"1707_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.09.002","volume":"19","author":"HA Willis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Willis HA, Neblett EW. OC symptoms in African American young adults: The associations between racial discrimination, racial identity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2018;19:105\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.09.002.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2014.33.3.229","volume":"33","author":"BO Olatunji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olatunji BO, Tomarken A, Zhao M. Effects of Exposure to Stereotype Cues on Contamination Aversion and Avoidance in African Americans. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2014;33(3):229\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.2014.33.3.229.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1707_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121596","volume":"406","author":"HA Willis","year":"2026","unstructured":"Willis HA, Williams M, Ayala Y. COVID-19 anxiety\u2019s influence on obsessive compulsive symptoms among African American young adults. J Affect Disord. 2026;406:121596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2026.121596.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000188","volume":"87","author":"MT Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams MT, Jahn ME. Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in African American children and adolescents: Risks, resiliency, and barriers to treatment. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87(3):291\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000188.","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/00957984241249360","volume":"50","author":"AB Loyd","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loyd AB, Humphries ML, Moore C, Owens CL, Smith AM, Williams N. Identifying Risk and Protective Factors in Research on Mental Health and Black American Adolescents: 1990 Through 2022. J Black Psychol. 2024;50(4):448\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00957984241249360.","journal-title":"J Black Psychol"},{"issue":"19, 2023","key":"1707_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072720-015146","volume":"19","author":"Neblett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neblett EW. Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Resilience Factors in African American Youth Mental Health. Ann Rev Clin Psychol. 2023;19(19, 2023):361\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072720-015146.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02","volume":"26","author":"JA Himle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Himle JA, Taylor RJ, Chatters LM. Religious involvement and obsessive compulsive disorder among African Americans and Black Caribbeans. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(4):502\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02. .003 PubMed PMID: 22397898; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11610501.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR82","first-page":"99","volume":"40","author":"JA Himle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Himle JA, Taylor RJ, Nguyen AW, Williams MT, Lincoln KD, Taylor HO, et al. Family and friendship networks and obsessive-compulsive disorder among African Americans and Black Caribbeans. Behav Therapist. 2017;40(3):99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Behav Therapist"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105275620","volume":"12","author":"MT Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams MT, Turkheimer E, Schmidt KM, Oltmanns TF. Ethnic Identification Biases Responses to the Padua Inventory for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Assessment. 2005;12(2):174\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191105275620.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/107319110000700305","volume":"7","author":"J Thomas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thomas J, Turkheimer E, Oltmanns TF. Psychometric Analysis of Racial Differences on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory. Assessment. 2000;7(3):247\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107319110000700305.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1422-z","volume":"17","author":"GS Chasson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chasson GS, Williams MT, Davis DM, Combs JY. Missed diagnoses in African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I). BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-017-1422-z.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.07.003","volume":"2","author":"M Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams M, Davis DM, Thibodeau MA, Bach N. Psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised in African Americans with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2013;2(4):399\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.07.003.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.04.007","volume":"209","author":"MT Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams MT, Wetterneck CT, Thibodeau MA, Duque G. Validation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale in African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;209(2):214\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.04.007.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.009","volume":"26","author":"J Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams MT, Domanico J, Marques L, Leblanc NJ, Turkheimer E. Barriers to treatment among African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(4):555\u201363. . Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Ethnic Minority Adults and Children. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.009","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.08.002","volume":"56","author":"JR George","year":"2025","unstructured":"George JR, Taylor RJ, Rouleau TM, Turner ED, Williams MT. Seeking Care for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among African Americans: Findings From the National Survey of American Life. Behav Ther. 2025;56(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2024.08.002.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.002","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carter MM, Mitchell FE, Sbrocco T. Treating ethnic minority adults with anxiety disorders: Current status and future recommendations. J Anxiety Disord. 2012;26(4):488\u2013501. . Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Ethnic Minority Adults and Children. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.02.002","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X20000501","volume":"13","author":"MT Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams MT, Rouleau TM, Torre JTL, Sharif N. Cultural competency in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: practitioner guidelines. Cogn Behav Therapist. 2020;13:e48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1754470X20000501.","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Therapist"},{"issue":"8","key":"1707_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3390\/children12081034","volume":"12","author":"SN Flowers","year":"2025","unstructured":"Flowers SN, Sanchez AL, Siddiqui A, Weiss M, Becker-Haimes EM. Clinician-Reported Person-Centered Culturally Responsive Practices for Youth with OCD and Anxiety. Child (Basel). 2025;12(8):1034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12081034 . PubMed PMID: 40868486; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12384509.","journal-title":"Child (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmgb.70002","volume":"201","author":"IJ Williams","year":"2026","unstructured":"Williams IJ, Marquez DY, Lopez-lengowski KE, Bommiasamy M, Onyeka O, Cynthia, Underwood SJ, et al. Black EquaLity in OCD NeuroGenomics (BELONG): Study Protocol. Am J Med Genet Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genet. 2026;201(3):194\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmgb.70002.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2456264","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.56264","volume":"8","author":"JA Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu JA, Soltani S, Austin SB, Rehkopf DH, Lunn MR, Langston ME. Mental Health Disparities by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the All of Us Research Program. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2456264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.56264 . PubMed PMID: 39878980; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11780479.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci6010020","volume":"6","author":"SB Oswalt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oswalt SB, Lederer AM. Beyond Depression and Suicide: The Mental Health of Transgender College Students. Social Sci. 2017;6(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci6010020.","journal-title":"Social Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1707_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2014.947992","volume":"63","author":"MD Pelts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pelts MD, Albright DL. An Exploratory Study of Student Service Members\/Veterans\u2019 Mental Health Characteristics by Sexual Orientation. J Am Coll Health. 2015;63(7):508\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2014.947992.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.06.006","volume":"56","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Feinstein BA, Williams MT. Symptom Profiles and Intensive Treatment Outcomes in Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Patients With OCD. Behav Ther. 2025;56(1):16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2024.06.006.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1707_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102807","volume":"101","author":"A Bezahler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bezahler A, Kuckertz JM, McKay D, Falkenstein MJ, Feinstein BA. Emotion regulation and OCD among sexual minority people: Identifying treatment targets. J Anxiety Disord. 2024;101:102807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102807 . PubMed PMID: 38101252.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1707_CR99","unstructured":"Jones JM. Gallup.com [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 Apr 2]. LGBTQ+ Identification in U.S. Now at 7.6%. Available from: https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/611864\/lgbtq-identification.aspx"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR100","first-page":"194","volume":"46","author":"A Bezahler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bezahler A, Feinstein BA, Falkenstein MJ, Kuckertz JM. Emerging trends in sexual minority identification and clinical implications for treating OCD and related disorders. Behav Therapist. 2023;46(5):194\u20139.","journal-title":"Behav Therapist"},{"key":"1707_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Munro M, Smith NG. Increased Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptomology in U.S. Sexual Minority Adults Who Identify as Trans and\/or Live in Politically Conservative Towns. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2026 Mar;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13178-026-01323-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-026-01323-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1891\/JCPSY-D-20-00022","volume":"36","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Nu\u00f1ez M, Riemann BC, Bailey BE. Clinical Presentation and Treatment Trajectory of Gender Minority Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Cogn Psychother. 2022;36(1):42\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/JCPSY-D-20-00022 . PubMed PMID: 35121678.","journal-title":"J Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1707_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000837","volume":"96","author":"A Bezahler","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bezahler A, Feinstein BA, Falkenstein MJ, Kuckertz JM. Clinical Presentations and Treatment Outcomes Between Bi+, Gay\/Lesbian, and Heterosexual Adults with OCD. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2026;96(1):107\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000837 . PubMed PMID: 39964418; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12353010.","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"1707_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2024.100898","volume":"42","author":"A Bezahler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bezahler A, Falkenstein MJ, Kuckertz JM. What Do You Believe? Differentiating Obsessive Beliefs between Bi+, Gay\/Lesbian and Heterosexual Adults with OCD. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord. 2024;42:100898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2024.100898 . PubMed PMID: 40786838; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12333631.","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000437","volume":"8","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Orcutt HK. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in sexual minorities. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2021;8(4):487\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000437.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"key":"1707_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187179","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1187179","volume":"15","author":"NL Angelo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Angelo NL, Brullo G, Marsiglia A, Tirelli A, Piroddi E, Viti C, et al. Romantic relationship obsessive-compulsive doubts, perfectionism, and DSM-5 personality traits in LGB people: a comparison with heterosexual individuals. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1187179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1187179 . PubMed PMID: 38449756; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10916694.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597","volume":"43","author":"ML Hendricks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hendricks ML, Testa RJ. A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the Minority Stress Model. Prof Psychology: Res Pract. 2012;43(5):460\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0029597.","journal-title":"Prof Psychology: Res Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","volume":"129","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"1707_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1037\/cps0000279","volume":"32","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Feinstein BA. A cognitive behavioral-minority stress model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in sexual and gender minority individuals. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2025;32(3):292\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cps0000279.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2025.08.007","volume":"57","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Castillo AA, Avery JE, Storch EA, Feinstein BA. Identity-Related Stress and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals: A Test of the Cognitive Behavioral-Minority Stress Model. Behav Ther. 2026;57(2):295\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2025.08.007.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1707_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2024.100907","volume":"43","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Castillo AA, Feinstein BA, Wadsworth LP, Abramowitz JS, Riemann BC, et al. Psychometric properties of common self-report measures for obsessive-compulsive disorder in sexual and gender minorities. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2024;43:100907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2024.100907.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"key":"1707_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Higham ML, Avery JE, Wiese AD, Spencer SD, Kuckertz JM, et al. Measurement invariance of obsessive-compulsive disorder self-report measures in sexual and gender minority individuals. Psychol Assess. Advanced online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0001490","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001490"},{"key":"1707_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100724","volume":"33","author":"A Bezahler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bezahler A, Kuckertz JM, Schreck M, Narine K, Dattolico D, Falkenstein MJ. Examination of outcomes among sexual minorities in treatment for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders. 2022;33:100724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100724.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Disorders"},{"key":"1707_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Bezahler A, Feinstein BA. Assessment and Treatment Considerations for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth with OCD. In: Guzick AG, Storch EA, editors. A Clinician\u2019s Guide to Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. London: Routledge; 2025. pp. 339\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003517429-17","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003517429-17"},{"issue":"2","key":"1707_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2021.11.001","volume":"53","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Smith Z, Singh S, Wetterneck CT, Williams MT. Call to Action: Recommendations for Justice-Based Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Sexual Orientation and Gender Themes. Behav Ther. 2022;53(2):153\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2021.11.001.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.12.001","volume":"56","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Upshaw BM, Spencer SD, Park JM, Franklin ME, Wadsworth LP, et al. Preferences for Justice-Based Exposure and Response Prevention Among Individuals With Identity-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Behav Ther. 2025;56(4):753\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2024.12.001.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1707_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-024-01268-9","volume":"53","author":"CM Pinciotti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinciotti CM, Cusack CE, Rodriguez-Seijas C, Lorenzo-Luaces L, van Dyk IS, Galupo MP. Potential Harm in the Psychological Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025;53(5):715\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-024-01268-9 . PubMed PMID: 39644408.","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1707_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000447","volume":"90","author":"LP Wadsworth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wadsworth LP, Potluri S, Schreck M, Hernandez-Vallant A. Measurement and impacts of intersectionality on obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms across intensive treatment. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2020;90(4):445\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000447 . PubMed PMID: 32134311.","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"}],"container-title":["Current Psychiatry Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:32:42Z","timestamp":1784957562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01707-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. McCarty has no disclosures to report. Dr. Onyeka reports receiving research support from the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium and the International OCD Foundation. Dr. Pinciotti reports receiving research support from the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium and fees to be a consultant and workshop presenter with The Knowledge Tree and OCD Training School. Dr. Wiese reports receiving research support from the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium. Dr. Storch reports receiving research funding to his institution from the International OCD Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and NIH. He receives direct funding from the International OCD Foundation as well as MHNTI for providing training on treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with psychotherapy. He was a consultant for Brainsway and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals in the past 36 months. He owns stock options less than $5000 in NView (for distribution of the Y-BOCS and CY-BOCS) and receives royalties from OCD Scales LLC (for distribution of the Y-BOCS and CY-BOCS). He receives book royalties from Elsevier, Wiley, Oxford, American Psychological Association, Guildford, Springer, Routledge, and Jessica Kingsley.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human and Animal Rights","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"54"}}