{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:06:41Z","timestamp":1791950801876,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Psychiatry Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor associated with poor prognosis, rapid functional decline, and psychological distress. An updated review of the literature is lacking, despite that patients with GBM appear to be among the highest risk for suicide among cancer patients. This review summarizes up-to-date evidence of suicide risk factors, screening approaches, and suicide mitigation strategies in patients with GBM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide risk is the highest in the first year following GBM diagnosis. It is also associated with older age, male gender, and tumor-related factors such as supratentorial location. Other factors such as neurocognitive decline and poor functional status may also contribute. Evidence emerging from broader oncology populations suggests that demoralization and existential distress may be factors, though these have not been studied in GBM cohorts. Treatment-related psychiatric adverse effects from corticosteroids, anti-epileptic drugs, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy may also influence psychiatric illness and mediate suicide risk. Screening tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Colombia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale have been effectively used to screen for suicide in conjunction with clinical interviewing in GBM patients. Evidence-based suicide reduction interventions include psychotherapy, safety planning, lethal means restriction, and caregiver support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GBM is a diagnosis that is associated with higher rates of suicide than almost all other cancers, and the extant literature identifies demographic and tumor features that are associated with suicide in this population. Effective interventions exist to identify and support these patients. Future studies should systematically measure risk factors identified in broader oncology populations to identify additional GBM-specific risk factors for suicide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:36:45Z","timestamp":1786509405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Suicide Risk in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Brief Review of Risk Factors, Screening, and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Waldvogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-2748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0232-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Riba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1711_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sipos D, Raposa BL, Freihat O, Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Multidisciplinary Management, and, Long-Term Outcomes et al. 2025;17(1):146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17010146","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17010146"},{"key":"1711_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu X, Ma J, Jemal A,. Suicide Risk Among Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer in the US, 2000\u20132016. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2251863. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51863.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.51863"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3181","volume":"76","author":"KE Henson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henson KE, Brock R, Charnock J, Wickramasinghe B, Will O, Pitman A. Risk of Suicide After Cancer Diagnosis in England. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(1):51\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3181.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1711_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saad AM, Elmatboly AM, Gad MM et al. Association of Brain Cancer With Risk of Suicide. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e203862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3862","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3862"},{"key":"1711_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Jiang P, Zhang P,. Incidence, trend and risk factors associated with suicide among patients with malignant intracranial tumors: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Int J Clin Oncol. 2022;27(9):1386\u20131393. doi:10.1007\/s10147-022-02206-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-022-02206-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"1711_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-1324","volume":"171","author":"A Conner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conner A, Azrael D, Miller M. Suicide Case-Fatality Rates in the United States, 2007 to 2014: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(12):885\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M19-1324.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1711_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0596","volume":"77","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Sumner SA, Simon TR, et al. Trends in the Incidence and Lethality of Suicidal Acts in the United States, 2006 to 2015. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(7):684\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0596.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13596-w","volume":"22","author":"SW Perry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perry SW, Rainey JC, Allison S, et al. Achieving health equity in US suicides: a narrative review and commentary. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13596-w.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1711_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2129913","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.29913","volume":"4","author":"R Suk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suk R, Hong YR, Wasserman RM, et al. Analysis of suicide after cancer diagnosis by US county-level income and rural vs urban designation, 2000\u20132016. JAMA Netw Open. 2000;4(10):e2129913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.29913.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1711_CR10","unstructured":"Guidelines Detail, Accessed NCCN. April 8, 2026. https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/guidelines\/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1425"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-03169-3","volume":"48","author":"X Kang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kang X, Ge Y, Zhang X, et al. Brain tumor and mood disorders: a retrospective analysis of anxiety and depression in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. Neurosurg Rev. 2024;48(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-024-03169-3.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"1711_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30749","volume":"123","author":"S Vehling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vehling S, Kissane DW, Lo C, et al. The association of demoralization with mental disorders and suicidal ideation in patients with cancer. Cancer. 2017;123(17):3394\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.30749.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1711_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1287290","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Ping Z, Hu D, Wang J, Liu Y. Risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2024;14:1287290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1287290.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1711_CR14","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Distress Management (Version 1.2026). Published online January 14, 2026."},{"issue":"9","key":"1711_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2844-y","volume":"158","author":"AK Hickmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hickmann AK, Nadji-Ohl M, Haug M, et al. Suicidal ideation, depression, and health-related quality of life in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors: a prospective observational study in 83 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(9):1669\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-016-2844-y.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1711_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35118","volume":"130","author":"CJ Kinslow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kinslow CJ, Kumar P, Olfson M, et al. Prognosis and risk of suicide after cancer diagnosis. Cancer. 2024;130(4):588\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.35118.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1711_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14635-6","volume":"25","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Nakamura S, Chei CL, Narimatsu H. Suicide risk transition and cumulative incidence post-cancer diagnosis: retrospective cohort study utilizing population-based cancer registry in Japan. BMC Cancer. 2025;25:1243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14635-6.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"1711_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21834","volume":"323","author":"A Erlangsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erlangsen A, Stenager E, Conwell Y, et al. Association between neurological disorders and death by suicide in Denmark. JAMA. 2020;323(5):444\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2019.21834.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1711_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.054","volume":"259","author":"LS Too","year":"2019","unstructured":"Too LS, Spittal MJ, Bugeja L, Reifels L, Butterworth P, Pirkis J. The association between mental disorders and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of record linkage studies. J Affect Disord. 2019;259:302\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.054.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.09.021","volume":"67","author":"AW An","year":"2024","unstructured":"An AW, Chen X, Urbauer DL, Bruera E, Hui D. Impact of Dosing and Duration of Dexamethasone on Serious Corticosteroid-Related Adverse Events. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2024;67(1):59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.09.021.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1711_CR21","unstructured":"DailyMed - LEVETIRACETAM tablet. Accessed April 8. 2026. https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee03507b-cb35-4fe9-ae7b-85ea89f876f0"},{"issue":"3","key":"1711_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04533-x","volume":"165","author":"G Abete-Fornara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abete-Fornara G, Bintintan Socaciu P, Fanizzi C, Fiore G, Locatelli M, Caroli M. Neuropsychological functioning during chemotherapy with temozolomide in high-grade glioma patients: a retrospective single centre study. J Neurooncol. 2023;165(3):561\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-023-04533-x.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1711_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000459","volume":"41","author":"G Lombardi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lombardi G, Bergo E, Del Bianco P, et al. Quality of life perception, cognitive function, and psychological status in a real-world population of glioblastoma patients treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide: a single-center prospective study. Am J Clin Oncol. 2018;41(12):1263\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/COC.0000000000000459.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1711_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab011","volume":"23","author":"JS Wefel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wefel JS, Armstrong TS, Pugh SL, et al. Neurocognitive, symptom, and health-related quality of life outcomes of a randomized trial of bevacizumab for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (NRG\/RTOG 0825). Neuro-Oncology. 2021;23(7):1125\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab011.","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos282","volume":"15","author":"AG Rooney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rooney AG, McNamara S, Mackinnon M, et al. Screening for major depressive disorder in adults with cerebral glioma: an initial validation of 3 self-report instruments. Neuro-Oncol. 2013;15(1):122\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nos282.","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"1711_CR26","unstructured":"VA\/DoD TLG. VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide."},{"issue":"10","key":"1711_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1586","volume":"77","author":"SK Doupnik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doupnik SK, Rudd B, Schmutte T, et al. Association of suicide prevention interventions with subsequent suicide attempts, linkage to follow-up care, and depression symptoms for acute care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1021\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1586.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1711_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34344","volume":"152","author":"C Seliger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seliger C, Oppong FB, Lefranc F, et al. Association of antidepressant drug use with outcome of patients with glioblastoma. Int J Cancer. 2023;152(7):1348\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34344.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-025-05288-3","volume":"176","author":"Y Sun","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sun Y, Hamo M, Atchley T, Markert JM, Nabors B, Estevez-Ordonez D. Survival outcomes associated with antidepressant use in glioblastoma: a cohort study. J Neurooncol. 2026;176(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-025-05288-3.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1711_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06709-3","volume":"25","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Qi X, Fang D, et al. The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on disease uncertainty, stressful life events, quality of life, anxiety, and depression in glioma patients undergoing chemotherapy: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Psychiatry. 2025;25(1):272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-025-06709-3.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1711_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.2198","volume":"33","author":"W Breitbart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, Applebaum A, Kulikowski J, Lichtenthal WG. Meaning-centered group psychotherapy: an effective intervention for improving psychological well-being in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2015;33(7):749\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.2198.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1711_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.03.005","volume":"55","author":"JH Marco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marco JH, Llombart P, Romero R, et al. Meaning-centered psychotherapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial\u2606. Behav Ther. 2024;55(5):1071\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2024.03.005.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1711_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01463","volume":"9","author":"C Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng C, Wu Y, Gao L, Guo X, Wang Z, Xing B. Publication landscape analysis on gliomas: how much has been done in the past 25 years? Front Oncol. 2019;9:1463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2019.01463.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1711_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120908","volume":"398","author":"J Hirschmiller","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hirschmiller J, Schwinn T, de Beurs D, et al. Perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation in cancer patients: a theoretical network perspective. J Affect Disord. 2026;398:120908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.120908.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["Current Psychiatry Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:36:55Z","timestamp":1786509415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-026-01711-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1535-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1535-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Michelle Riba, M.D., M.S. is the editor-in-chief of Current Psychiatry Reports. She did not review this article for submission. Nick Waldvogel, M.D. and Hyo Ryu, D.O. have no disclosures to report.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"61"}}