{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:27:06Z","timestamp":1770823626860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,9]],"date-time":"2007-06-09T05:03:24Z","timestamp":1181365404000},"page":"17-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pathogenesis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ann K.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"46_CR1","first-page":"2103","volume-title":"Arthritis and Allied Conditions","author":"LM Ryan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ryan LM, McCarty DJ: Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease, pseudogout, and articular chondrocalcinosis. In Arthritis and Allied Conditions edn 13. Edited by Koopman WJ. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1997:2103\u20132126.","edition":"edn 13"},{"key":"46_CR2","first-page":"266","volume":"314","author":"HC Anderson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Anderson HC: Molecular biology of matrix vesicles. Clin Orthop 1995, 314:266\u2013280.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"46_CR3","first-page":"346","volume":"84","author":"RA Gatter","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gatter RA, McCarty DJ: Pathologic tissue calcification in man. Arch Pathol 1967, 84:346\u2013353.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"46_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2377-8_78","volume-title":"Calcium in Biological Systems","author":"NS Mandel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mandel NS, Mandel GS: Nucleation and growth of CPPD crystals and related species in vitro. In Calcium in Biological Systems. Edited by Rubin RP, Weiss G, JW Putner JW. New York: Plenum Press; 1985, 711\u2013717."},{"key":"46_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350218","volume":"35","author":"BA Derfus","year":"1992","unstructured":"Derfus BA, Rachow JW, Mandel NS, et al.: Articular cartilage vesicles generate calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate-like crsytals in vitro. Arthritis Rheum 1992, 35:231\u2013240.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR6","first-page":"518","volume":"83","author":"DC Silcox","year":"1974","unstructured":"Silcox DC, McCarty DJ Jr: Elevated inorganic pyrophosphate concentrations in synovial fluid in osteoarthritis and pseudogout. J Lab Clin Med 1974, 83:518\u2013531.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"46_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000260671","volume":"17","author":"C McGaughey","year":"1983","unstructured":"McGaughey C: Binding of polyphosphates and phosphonates to hydroxyapatite, subsequent hydrolysis, phosphate exchange and effects on demineralization, mineralization and microcrystal aggregation. Caries Res 1983, 17:229\u2013241.","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"46_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370624","volume":"37","author":"R Terkeltaub","year":"1994","unstructured":"Terkeltaub R, Rosenbach M, Fong F, Goding J: Causal link between nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase overactivity and increased intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate generation demonstrated by transfection of cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts with plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1. Relevance to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease. Arthritis Rheum 1994, 37:934\u2013941.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00272-2","volume":"197","author":"I Masuda","year":"1997","unstructured":"Masuda I, Halligan BD, Barbieri JT, et al.: Molecular cloning and expression of a porcine chondrocyte nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. Gene 1997, 197:277\u2013287.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"46_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23469","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.36.23469","volume":"273","author":"P Lorenzo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lorenzo P, Neame P, Sommarin Y, Heinegard D: Cloning and deduced amino acid sequence of a novel cartilage protein (CILP) identifies a proform including a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:23469\u201323475.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"46_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340717","volume":"34","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Cheung HS, Ryan LM: Thransforming growth factor beta 1 stimulates inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration by porcine cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 1991, 34:904\u2013911.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900099","volume":"59","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Henry LA: Retinoic acid stimulates pyrophosphate elaboration by cartilage and chondrocytes. Calcif Tissue Int 1996, 59:128\u2013133.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"46_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8832(11)80235-0","volume":"11","author":"LM Ryan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ryan LM, Kurup I, Cheung HS: Stimulation of cartilage inorganic pyrophosphate elabortion by ascorbate. Matrix 1991, 11:276\u2013281.","journal-title":"Matrix"},{"key":"46_CR14","first-page":"395","volume":"26","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Henry LA: Thyroid hormones induce features of the hypertrophic phenotype and stimulate correlates of CPPD crystal formation in articular chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:395\u2013401. An article that begins to link features of the hypertrophic phenotype in articular cartilage with overproduction of pyrophosphate, a necessary component of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3094","volume":"95","author":"S Hashimoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hashimoto S, Ochs RL, Rosen F, et al.: Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95:3094\u20133099.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"46_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400526","volume":"40","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Derfus BA, Henry LA: Transglutaminase activity in aging articular chondrocytes and articular cartilage vesicles. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:966\u2013970.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80065-2","volume":"2","author":"U Olmez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olmez U, Ryan LM, Kurup IV, Rosenthal AK: Insulin-like growth factor-1 suppresses pyrophosphate elaboration by transforming growth factor b1-stimulated chondrocytes and cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994, 2:149\u2013154.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"46_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10364","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10364","volume":"92","author":"RM Rosen","year":"1995","unstructured":"M, Rosen R, McCabe G, et al.: Interleukin 1 beta suppresses transforming growth factor-induced inorganic pyrophosphate (Ppi) production and expression of the PPi-generating enzyme PC-1 in human chondrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:10364\u201310368.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"46_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2152::AID-ART10>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"41","author":"R Terkeltaub","year":"1998","unstructured":"Terkeltaub R, Lotz M, Johnson K, et al.: Parathyroid hormonerelated protein is abundant in osteoarthritic cartilage, and the parathyroid hormone-related protein 1\u2013173 isoform is selectively induced by transforming growth factor beta in articular chondrocytes and suppresses generation of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate. Arthritis Rheum 1998, 41:2152\u20132164.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.120.6.1461","volume":"120","author":"D Aeschlimann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aeschlimann D, Wetterwald A, Fleisch H, Paulsson H: Expression of tissue transglutaminase in skeletal tissues correlates with events of terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. J Cell Biol 1993, 120:1461\u20131470.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"46_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199102000-00034","volume":"263","author":"I Masuda","year":"1991","unstructured":"Masuda I, Ishikawa K, Usuku G: A histologic and immunohistochemical study of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Clin Orthop 1991, 263:272\u2013287.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"46_CR22","first-page":"170","volume":"56","author":"L Fesus","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fesus L, Davies PJ, Piacentini M: Apoptosis: molecular mechanisms in programmed cell death. Eur J Cell Biol 1991, 56:170\u2013177.","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"46_CR23","unstructured":"Gohr CM, Rosenthal AK: S100 in aging articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum (abstract) 2000. (in press)."},{"key":"46_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/03008209609029209","volume":"35","author":"BA Derfus","year":"1996","unstructured":"Derfus BA, Kurtin SM, Camacho NP, et al.: Comparison of matrix vesicles derived from normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 1996, 35:337\u2013342.","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"46_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1552::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"43","author":"RF Loeser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loeser RF, Shanker G: Autocrine stimulation by insulinlike growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mediates chondrocyte survival in vitro. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:1552\u20131559.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199909)42:9<1986::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"42","author":"K Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson K, Vaingankar S, Chen Y, et al.: Differential mechanisms of inorganic pyrophosphate production by plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 and B10 in chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1986\u20131997.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR27","first-page":"896","volume":"21","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Ryan LM: Probenecid inhibits transforming growth factor-beta 1 induced pyrophosphate elaboration by chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 1994, 21:896\u2013900.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR28","first-page":"S160","volume":"42","author":"D Trostle","year":"1999","unstructured":"Trostle D, Schmacher HR Jr: Probenecid therapy of refractory CPPD deposition disease. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:S160.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1560::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"43","author":"K Johnson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson K, Jung A, Murphy A, et al.: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is a downstream regulator of nitric oxide effects on chondrocyte matrix synthesis and mineralization. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:1560\u20131570. An article that suggests that mitochondrial respiration provides adenosine triphosphate (ATP) necessary for pyrophosphate (PPi) production, and indirectly supports a mechanism through which nitric oxide stimulates calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1571::AID-ANR22>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"43","author":"RD Graff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graff RD, Lazarowski ER, Banes AJ, Lee GM: ATP release by mechanically loaded porcine chondrons in pellet culture. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:1571\u20131579.An article supplying much-needed information about extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in and around cartilage. ATP may directly participate in PPi formation, but it has many other effects on chondrocytes. This article also begins to explain a link between mechanical stress and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPDD).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR31","first-page":"716","volume":"18","author":"LM Ryan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ryan LM, Rachow J, McCarty DJ: Synovial fluid ATP: a potential substrate for the production of inorganic pyrophosphate. J Rheumatol 1991, 18:716\u2013720.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:3<555::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"42","author":"LM Ryan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ryan LM, Kurup IV, Cheung HS: Transduction mechanisms of porcine chondrocyte inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:555\u2013560. An excellent article that begins to explain the molecular mechanisms involved in pyrophosphate (PPi) production and hence in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation. This work has great potential to identify targets for new drugs for this disease.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.15.1683845","volume":"5","author":"CS Greenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Greenberg CS, Birckbichler PJ, Rice PC: Transglutaminases: multifunctional cross-linking enzymes that stabilize tissues. FASEB J 1991, 5:3071\u20133077.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"46_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1729::AID-ANR8>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"43","author":"AK Rosenthal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosenthal AK, Gohr CM, Henry LA, Le M: Participation of transglutaminase in the activation of latent transforming growth factor beta1 in aging articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:1729\u20131733. A paper that suggests a potential mechanism through which elevated levels of transglutaminse in aging cartilage contribute to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation. It also delineates a new function for this class of enzymes in articular cartilage.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.188","volume":"51","author":"JS Munger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Munger JS, Harpel JG, Gleizes P-E, et al.: Latent transforming growth factor-beta: structural features and mechanisms of activation. Kidney International 1997, 51:1376\u20131382.","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"46_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(91)90212-2","volume":"288","author":"TI Morales","year":"1991","unstructured":"Morales TI, Joyce ME, Sobol ME, et al.: Transforming growth factor-beta in calf articular cartilage organ cultures: synthesis and distribution. Arch Biochem Biophys 1991, 288:397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"46_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.6.883","volume":"14","author":"K Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson K, Moffa A, Chen Y, et al.: Matrix vesicle plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 regulates mineralization by murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14:883\u2013892.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"46_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310313","volume":"31","author":"JW Rachow","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rachow JW, Ryan LM, McCarty DJ, Halverson PC: Synovial fluid inorganic pyrophosphate concentration and nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase activity in basic calcium phosphate deposition arthropathy and Milwaukee shoulder syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1988, 31:408\u2013413.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1086\/302186","volume":"64","author":"LJ Andrew","year":"1999","unstructured":"Andrew LJ, Brancolini V, de la Pena LS, et al.: Refinement of the chromosome 5p locus for familial calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease. Am J Human Genet 1999, 64:136\u2013145.","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"46_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2139::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"42","author":"RC Marinescu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marinescu RC, Nyce K, Serrano de la Pena L, et al.: Exclusion of the gene for human cartilage intermediate layer protein in currently mapped calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:2139\u20132144.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5477.265","volume":"289","author":"AM Ho","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ho AM, Johnson MD, Kingsley DM: Role of the mouse ank gene in control of tissue calcification and arthritis. Science 2000, 289:265\u2013270. A fascinating article identifying one gene involved in abnormal articular calcification in the ank mouse. The same gene may be involved in familial forms of deposition and may act as a pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter in normal cells.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"46_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<799::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"42","author":"Y Pawlotsky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pawlotsky Y, Le Dantec P, Moirand R, et al.: Elevated parathyroid hormone 44\u201368 and osteoarticular changes in patients with genetic hemochromatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:799\u2013806.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:47:10Z","timestamp":1683884830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["46"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-001-0046-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}