{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:17:11Z","timestamp":1763036231176},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T21:24:07Z","timestamp":1180733047000},"page":"47-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Immunopathologic and therapeutic aspects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Meador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Von Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","first-page":"2049","volume":"27","author":"GE Ehrlich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehrlich GE: Diagnostic criteria for Behcet\u2019s Disease. J Rheumatol 2000, 27:2049\u20132050.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR2","first-page":"3702","volume":"41","author":"N Mizuki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mizuki N, Ota M, Yabuki K, et al.: Localization of the pathogenic gene of Behcet\u2019s disease by microsatellite analysis of three different populations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000, 41:3702\u20133708. This important study examines the genetic basis of Behcet\u2019s disease using new techniques of microsatellite analysis.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189709116846","volume":"14","author":"GE Ehrlich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ehrlich GE: Vasculitis in Behcet\u2019s disease. Int Rev Immunol 1997, 14:81\u201388.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(98)00011-1","volume":"59","author":"Y Koumantaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koumantaki Y, Stavropoulos C, Spyropoulou M, et al.: HLAB* 5101 in Greek patients with Bechet\u2019s disease. Hum Immunol 1998, 59:250\u2013255.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"23_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb16946.x","volume":"132","author":"A Gul","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gul A, Esin S, Dilsen N, et al.: Immunohistology of skin pathergy reaction in BD. Br J Dermatol 1995, 132:901\u2013907.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"23_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-34-1-39","volume":"34","author":"M Studd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Studd M, McCance DJ, Lehner T: Detection of HSV-1 DNA in patients with Behcet\u2019s syndrome and in patients with recurrent oral ulcers by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Microbiol 1991, 34:39\u201343.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01777.x","volume":"21","author":"C Inoue","year":"1994","unstructured":"Inoue C, Itoh R, Kawa Y, Mizoguchi M: Pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions in BD. J Dermatol 1994, 21:474\u2013480.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"23_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1997.38.6.370","volume":"38","author":"RS Rogers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rogers RS: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the diagnosis of BD. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38:370\u2013379.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/31.11.767","volume":"31","author":"DM Main","year":"1992","unstructured":"Main DM, Chamberlain MA: Clinical differentiation of oral ulceration in BD. Br J Rheumatol 1992, 31:767\u2013770.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(98)80001-2","volume":"27","author":"VG Kaklamani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaklamani VG, Vaiopoulos G, Kaklamanis PJ: Bechet\u2019s disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998, 27:197\u2013217.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"23_CR11","first-page":"71","volume":"18","author":"I Krause","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krause I, Molad Y, Mitrani M,Weinberger A: Pathergy reaction in Behcet\u2019s disease: lack of correlation with mucocutaneous manifestations and systemic disease expression. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000, 18:71\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR12","first-page":"1015","volume":"20","author":"N Kocer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kocer N, Islak C, Siva A, et al.: CNS involvement in neuro-Behcet syndrome: an MR study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999, 20:1015\u20131024.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050343","volume":"38","author":"S Gerber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gerber S, Biondi A, Dormont D, et al.: Long-term MR followup of cerebral lesions in neuro-Bechet\u2019s disease. Neuroradiology 1996, 38:761\u2013768.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1398","volume":"41","author":"MK Sharief","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sharief MK, Hentges R, Thomas E: Significance of CSF immunoglobulins in monitoring neurologic disease activity in Bechet\u2019s disease. Neurology 1991, 41:1398\u20131401.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199907000-00036","volume":"162","author":"T Erdogru","year":"1999","unstructured":"Erdogru T, Kocak T, Serdaroglu P, et al.: Evaluation and therapeutic approaches of voiding and erectile dysfunction in neurological Behcet\u2019s syndrome. J Urol 1999, 162:147\u2013153.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"23_CR16","first-page":"407","volume":"14","author":"A Livneh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Livneh A, Zaks N, Katz J, et al.: Increased prevalence of joint manifestations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996, 14:407\u2013412.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.8.693","volume":"32","author":"MA Chamberlain","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chamberlain MA, Robertson RJ: A controlled study of sacroiliitis in Bechet\u2019s disease. Br J Rheumatol 1993, 32:693\u2013698.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670170063","volume":"20","author":"AE Maghraoui","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maghraoui AE, Tabache E, Bezz A: A controlled study of sacriliitis in Behcet\u2019s disease. Clin Rheumatol 2001, 20:189\u2013191.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90547-9","volume":"79","author":"GS Firestein","year":"1985","unstructured":"Firestein GS, Gruber HE, Weisman MH, et al.: Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage: MAGIC syndrome. Five patients with features of relapsing polychondritis and Bechet\u2019s disease. Am J Med 1985, 79:65\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"23_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000013559","volume":"20","author":"T Akpolat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akpolat T, Akpolat I, Kandemir B: Bechet\u2019s disease and AA-type amyloidosis. Am J Nephrol 2000, 20:68\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"23_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(00)00215-0","volume":"18","author":"T Akpolat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akpolat T, Danaci M, Belet U, et al.: MR imaging and MR angiography in vascular Bechet\u2019s disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2000, 18:1089\u20131096.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.232","volume":"146","author":"F Erkan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Erkan F, Cavdar T: Pulmonary vasculitis in BD. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992, 146:232\u2013239.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.479","volume":"118","author":"N Mogulkoc","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mogulkoc N, Burgess MI: Intracardiac thrombus in Behcet\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Chest 2000, 118:479\u2013487. This study was systematic review of the literature examining the incidence and severity of intracardiac thrombi as a complication of Behcet\u2019s disease. As a retrospective review, treatment implications and prognosis were discussed.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"23_CR24","first-page":"37","volume":"78","author":"ZS Alekberova","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alekberova ZS, Prokaeva TB, Reshetniak TM, et al.: [Antiphospholipid antibodies in BD]. Klin Med 2000, 78:37\u201338.","journal-title":"Klin Med"},{"key":"23_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.1.48","volume":"33","author":"V Hamuryudan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Moral F, et al.: Pulmonary arterial aneurysms in Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a report of 24 cases. Br J Rheumatol 1994, 33:48\u201351.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.2.234","volume":"36","author":"S Marsal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marsal S, Falgal C, Simeon CP, et al.: Bechet\u2019s disease and pregnancy relationship study. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:234\u2013238.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.9.9.1993","volume":"9","author":"T Sakane","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakane T, Takeno M: Novel approaches to BD. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 2000, 9:1993\u20132005.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"23_CR28","first-page":"399","volume":"65","author":"A Aktulga","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aktulga A, Altac M, Muftuoglu AU, et al.: A double blind study of colchicine in Behcet\u2019s disease. Haematolgica 1980, 65:399\u2013402. This double-blind controlled study investigated the effects of colchicine or oral aphthous ulcers, genital lesions and eye lesions. Colchicine demonstrated efficacy treating erythema nodosum and arthralgias.","journal-title":"Haematolgica"},{"key":"23_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1076\/0927-3948(200006)821-0FT085","volume":"8","author":"AA Okada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Okada AA: Drug therapy in BD. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2000, 8:85\u201391.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"23_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002013220501","volume":"322","author":"H Yacizi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yacizi H, Pazarli H, Barnes CG, et al.: A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:281\u2013285. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial evaluated azathioprine in the setting of new eye disease and pre-existing eye disease.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189709116844","volume":"14","author":"M Mochizuki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mochizuki M: Immunotherapy for Bechet\u2019s disease. Int Rev Immunol 1997, 14:49\u201366.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"23_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80354-4","volume":"36","author":"O Avci","year":"1997","unstructured":"Avci O, Gurler N, Gunes AT: Efficacy of cyclosporine on mucocutaneous manifestations of BD. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997, 36:796\u2013797.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"23_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000246374","volume":"192","author":"G Azizlerli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Azizlerli G, Sarica R, Kose A, et al.: Interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of Bechet\u2019s disease. Dermatology 1996, 192:239\u2013241.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"23_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199305010-00008","volume":"5","author":"NB Allen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Allen NB: Miscellaneous vasculitic syndromes including Bechet\u2019s disease and central nervous system vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1993, 5:51\u201356.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"23_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910213411707","volume":"341","author":"T Sakane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakane T, Takeno M, Suzuki N, Inaba G: Current concepts: Behcet\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:1284\u20131201. This review discusses the pathogenesis of Behcet\u2019s disease and graphically demonstrates treatment for manifestations of Behcet\u2019s disease.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb03869.x","volume":"30","author":"RJ Conklin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Conklin RJ, Blasberg B: Common inflammatory diseases of the mouth. Int J Dermatol 1991, 30:323\u2013335.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"23_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.5.529","volume":"135","author":"E Alpsoy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alpsoy E, Er H: The use of sucralfate suspension in the treatment of oral and genital ulceration of Behcet disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Dermatol 1999, 135:529\u2013532. As one of the few randomized trials investigating topical therapy, this study demonstrated promising therapeutic implications of a relatively nontoxic drug. A placebo arm was included.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"23_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012143432418","volume":"343","author":"P Scheid","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheid P, Bohadana A, Martinet Y: Nicotine patches for aphthous ulcers due to Behcet\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:1816\u20131817.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92381-7","volume":"1","author":"K Masuda","year":"1989","unstructured":"Masuda K, Nakajima A: Double-masked trial of cyclosporin versus colchicine and long-term open study of cyclosporin in Behcet\u2019s disease. Lancet 1989, 1:1093\u20131096. This randomized trial demonstrated the efficacy of cyclosporin in several systemic manifestations of Behcet\u2019s disease.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05131-4","volume":"355","author":"H Demiroglu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Demiroglu H, Ozcebe OI: Interferon alfa-2B, colchicine, and benzathine penicillin versus colchicine and benzathine penicillin in Behcet\u2019s disease: a randomized trial. Lancet 2000, 355:605\u2013609. This controlled trial studied the independent effect of interferon alfa-2B on the various systemic manifestations of Behcet\u2019s disease.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00004","volume":"128","author":"V Hamuryudan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamuryudan V, Mat C: Thalidomide in the treatment of the mucocutaneous lesions of the Behcet syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:443\u2013450. One of the few randomized trials to investigate therapy in Behcet\u2019s disease, it showed that a lower dose of thalidomide was necessary to achieve efficacy than was originally thought.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"23_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780391216","volume":"39","author":"M Calguneri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calguneri M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I, et al.: The effect of prophylactic penicillin treatment on the course of arthritis episodes in patients with Bechet\u2019s disease. A randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:2062\u20132065.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"23_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00165-8","volume":"159","author":"S Hirohata","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hirohata S, Hiroko S, Hashimoto T: Low-dose weekly methotrexate for progressive neuropsychiatric manifestations in Behcet\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci 1998, 159:181\u2013185. This study represented one of the few randomized trials evaluating therapy for neurologic involvement in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. MRI scans and neuropsychological manifestations were monitored.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"23_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90753-8","volume":"76","author":"JD O\u2019Duffy","year":"1984","unstructured":"O\u2019Duffy JD, Robertson DM: Chlorambucil in the treatment of uveitis and meningoencephalitis of Bechet\u2019s disease. Am J Med 1984, 76:75\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T00:47:08Z","timestamp":1559436428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-002-0023-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}