{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:30:25Z","timestamp":1793035825693,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]],"date-time":"2011-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]],"date-time":"2011-01-05T07:16:36Z","timestamp":1294211796000},"page":"146-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Role of Ultrasound and Other Advanced Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Gout"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ralf G.","family":"Thiele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.05.006","volume":"20","author":"LX Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen LX, Schumacher HR. Gout: can we create an evidence-based systematic approach to diagnosis and management? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Aug 2006;20(4):673\u2013684.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"156_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283257b6c","volume":"21","author":"N Dalbeth","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u2022 Dalbeth N, McQueen FM. Use of imaging to evaluate gout and other crystal deposition disorders. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Mar 2009;21(2):124\u2013131. This review article takes a critical look at recent literature on the imaging of crystal arthropathy.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"156_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2687","volume":"11","author":"F Perez-Ruiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perez-Ruiz F, Dalbeth N, Urresola A, de Miguel E, Schlesinger N. Imaging of gout: findings and utility. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(3):232.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"9 (Supplement)","key":"156_CR4","first-page":"S1618","volume":"56","author":"RG Thiele","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Ultrasound detects calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystal deposition in hyaline cartilage more readily than conventional radiography and MRI in pyrophosphate arthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9 (Supplement)):S1618.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl II","key":"156_CR5","first-page":"248","volume":"67","author":"RG Thiele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thiele RG, Anandarajah AP, Tabechian D, Schlesinger N. Comparing ultrasonography, MRI, high-resolution CT and 3D rendering in patients with crystal proven gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67 (Suppl II):248.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"156_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.128454","volume":"69","author":"N Schlesinger","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u2022 Schlesinger N, Thiele RG. The pathogenesis of bone erosions in gouty arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. Nov 2010;69(11):1907\u20131912. This article integrates findings of imaging and immunology and discusses the pathogenesis of bone erosions based on these findings.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"156_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1139534","volume":"22","author":"N Huber","year":"1896","unstructured":"Huber N. Zur Verwerthung der R\u00f6ntgen-Strahlen im Gebiete der inneren Medicin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. March 1896;22(12):182\u2013184.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"4","key":"156_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1148\/91.4.755","volume":"91","author":"W Martel","year":"1968","unstructured":"Martel W. The overhanging margin of bone: a roentgenologic manifestation of gout. Radiology. Oct 1968;91(4):755\u2013756.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"156_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0802-z","volume":"18","author":"T Rettenbacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u2022 Rettenbacher T, Ennemoser S, Weirich H, et al. Diagnostic imaging of gout: comparison of high-resolution US versus conventional X-ray. Eur Radiol. Mar 2008;18(3):621\u2013630. US findings and findings of CR in gout were compared. This article provides excellent US examples of findings in gout.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"Suppl3","key":"156_CR10","first-page":"612","volume":"69","author":"RG Thiele","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Ultrasound detects more erosions in gout than conventional radiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(Suppl3):612.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"156_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050477","volume":"28","author":"CK Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen CK, Yeh LR, Pan HB, et al. Intra-articular gouty tophi of the knee: CT and MR imaging in 12 patients. Skeletal Radiol. Feb 1999;28(2):75\u201380.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"156_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099713","volume":"68","author":"HK Choi","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u2022 Choi HK, Al-Arfaj AM, Eftekhari A, et al. Dual energy computed tomography in tophaceous gout. Ann Rheum Dis. Oct 2009;68(10):1609\u20131612. This study examined the promising new technology of DECT, in which color coding allows distinction of MSU tophi and calcified tissues.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"156_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2006.00853.x","volume":"60","author":"HR Schumacher Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schumacher HR, Jr., Becker MA, Edwards NL, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the quantitative assessment of gouty tophi. Int J Clin Pract. Apr 2006;60(4):408\u2013414.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"156_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.52","volume":"61","author":"JC Gerster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gerster JC, Landry M, Dufresne L, Meuwly JY. Imaging of tophaceous gout: computed tomography provides specific images compared with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. Ann Rheum Dis. Jan 2002;61(1):52\u201354.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"156_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.2.9016240","volume":"168","author":"JS Yu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yu JS, Chung C, Recht M, Dailiana T, Jurdi R. MR imaging of tophaceous gout. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Feb 1997;168(2):523\u2013527.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"156_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep278","volume":"48","author":"JD Carter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carter JD, Kedar RP, Anderson SR, et al. An analysis of MRI and ultrasound imaging in patients with gout who have normal plain radiographs. Rheumatology (Oxford). Nov 2009;48(11):1442\u20131446.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"156_CR17","volume-title":"The Nature and Treatment of Gout and Rheumatic Gout","author":"AB Garrod","year":"1859","unstructured":"Garrod AB. The Nature and Treatment of Gout and Rheumatic Gout. London: Walton and Maberly; 1859."},{"key":"156_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-54-3-452","volume":"54","author":"DJ McCarty","year":"1961","unstructured":"McCarty DJ, Hollander JL. Identification of urate crystals in gouty synovial fluid. Ann Intern Med. Mar 1961;54:452\u2013460.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"156_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)65180-2","volume":"86","author":"JU Schlegel","year":"1961","unstructured":"Schlegel JU, Diggdon P, Cuellar J. The use of ultrasound for localizing renal calculi. J Urol. Oct 1961;86:367\u2013369.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"156_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27356","volume":"62","author":"N Dalbeth","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u2022 Dalbeth N, Pool B, Gamble GD, et al. Cellular characterization of the gouty tophus: a quantitative analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 May;62(5):1549\u20131556. This article describes the different zones of tissue that surround MSU tophi. This system corresponds to in vivo US findings in gout and is helpful for developing an understanding of these findings.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"156_CR21","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Gout, Hyperuricemia and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies","author":"DS Uri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uri DS, Martel W. Radiologic manifestations of gout. In: Smyth CJ, Holers VM, eds. Gout, Hyperuricemia and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999:261\u2013276."},{"issue":"7","key":"156_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem058","volume":"46","author":"RG Thiele","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Diagnosis of gout by ultrasound. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 2007;46(7):1116\u20131121.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"7","key":"156_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062802","volume":"66","author":"SA Wright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wright SA, Filippucci E, McVeigh C, et al. High-resolution ultrasonography of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint in gout: a controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. Jul 2007;66(7):859\u2013864.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"156_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.06.003","volume":"17","author":"E Filippucci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Filippucci E, Riveros MG, Georgescu D, Salaffi F, Grassi W. Hyaline cartilage involvement in patients with gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. An ultrasound study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. Feb 2009;17(2):178\u2013181.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"156_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Thiele RG, Schlesinger N. Ultrasonography shows disappearance of monosodium urate crystal deposition on hyaline cartilage after sustained normouricemia is achieved. Rheumatol Int. Jun 20 2009. This study showed how a treatment response to urate-lowering drugs could be objectively documented sonographically in tophaceous gout. Images and illustrations are provided.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1002-8"},{"issue":"10 (Supplement)","key":"156_CR26","first-page":"S672","volume":"62","author":"RNG Howard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Howard RNG, Pillinger MH, Gyftopoulos S, Thiele RG, Swearingen C, Samuels S. Concordance between ultrasound readers determining presence of monosodium urate crystal deposition in knee and toe joints. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(10 (Supplement)):S672.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"156_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340203","volume":"34","author":"E Pascual","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pascual E. Persistence of monosodium urate crystals and low-grade inflammation in the synovial fluid of patients with untreated gout. Arthritis Rheum. Feb 1991;34(2):141\u2013145.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"156_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780291209","volume":"29","author":"JS Bomalaski","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bomalaski JS, Lluberas G, Schumacher HR, Jr. Monosodium urate crystals in the knee joints of patients with asymptomatic nontophaceous gout. Arthritis Rheum. Dec 1986;29(12):1480\u20131484.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"156_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5104-7_71","volume":"195 Pt A","author":"A Weinberger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Weinberger A, Agudelo CA, Schumacher HR, Bonner J, Pinkhas J. Frequency of intraarticular monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;195 Pt A:431\u2013434.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"156_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688407700907","volume":"77","author":"TD Kennedy","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kennedy TD, Higgens CS, Woodrow DF, Scott JT. Crystal deposition in the knee and great toe joints of asymptomatic gout patients. J R Soc Med. Sep 1984;77(9):747\u2013750.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"156_CR31","first-page":"967","volume":"9","author":"TP Gordon","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gordon TP, Bertouch JV, Walsh BR, Brooks PM. Monosodium urate crystals in asymptomatic knee joints. J Rheumatol. Nov\u2013Dec 1982;9(6):967\u2013969.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"156_CR32","first-page":"230","volume":"6","author":"L Sokoloff","year":"1957","unstructured":"Sokoloff L. The pathology of gout. Metabolism. May 1957;6(3):230\u2013243.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"156_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080430","volume":"8","author":"L Sokoloff","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sokoloff L. Pathology of gout. Arthritis Rheum. Oct 1965;8(5):707\u2013713.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"156_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.21.020170.002041","volume":"21","author":"DJ McCarty","year":"1970","unstructured":"McCarty DJ. Crystal-induced inflammation of the joints. Annu Rev Med. 1970;21:357\u2013366.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"156_CR35","first-page":"1868","volume":"30","author":"KH Yu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yu KH. Intraarticular tophi in a joint without a previous gouty attack. J Rheumatol. Aug 2003;30(8):1868\u20131870.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"156_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170611","volume":"17","author":"AJ Reginato","year":"1974","unstructured":"Reginato AJ, Schumacher HR, Martinez VA. The articular cartilage in familial chondrocalcinosis. Light and electron microscopic study. Arthritis Rheum. Nov\u2013Dec 1974;17(6):977\u2013992.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"156_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80005-5","volume":"28","author":"W Grassi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Grassi W, Lamanna G, Farina A, Cervini C. Sonographic imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Jun 1999;28(6):398\u2013403.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"156_CR38","unstructured":"Rosenberg AE. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors. In: Kumar V. et al., editors: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Elsevier. 2005:1311\u20131314."},{"key":"156_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 De Avila Fernandes E, Kubota ES, Sandim GB, Mitraud SA, Ferrari AJ, Fernandes AR. Ultrasound features of tophi in chronic tophaceous gout. Skeletal Radiol. 2010 Jul 31 (Epub ahead of print). This study systematically examined US characteristics of MSU tophi in 138 affected areas and developed a classification of findings. Instructive US examples were given.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-1008-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"156_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.12.005","volume":"62","author":"C Schueller-Weidekamm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schueller-Weidekamm C, Schueller G, Aringer M, Weber M, Kainberger F. Impact of sonography in gouty arthritis: comparison with conventional radiography, clinical examination, and laboratory findings. Eur J Radiol. Jun 2007;62(3):437\u2013443.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"156_CR41","first-page":"347","volume":"8","author":"JM Koski","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koski JM. Ultrasonography of the metatarsophalangeal and talocrural joints. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Jul\u2013Aug 1990;8(4):347\u2013351.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"156_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.015081","volume":"63","author":"WA Schmidt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmidt WA, Schmidt H, Schicke B, Gromnica-Ihle E. Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Ann Rheum Dis. Aug 2004;63(8):988\u2013994.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"156_CR43","first-page":"8","volume":"35","author":"R Thiele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thiele R. Doppler ultrasonography in rheumatology: adding color to the picture. J Rheumatol. Jan 2008;35(1):8\u201310.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"156_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0886","volume":"30","author":"S Khosla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khosla S, Thiele R, Baumhauer JF. Ultrasound guidance for intra-articular injections of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. Sep 2009;30(9):886\u2013890.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"156_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10511","volume":"47","author":"F Perez-Ruiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Pijoan JI, Herrero-Beites AM, Ruibal A. Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout. Arthritis Rheum. Aug 2002;47(4):356\u2013360.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"156_CR46","first-page":"2368","volume":"32","author":"HR Schumacher Jr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schumacher HR, Jr., Becker MA, Palo WA, Streit J, MacDonald PA, Joseph-Ridge N. Tophaceous gout: quantitative evaluation by direct physical measurement. J Rheumatol. Dec 2005;32(12):2368\u20132372.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"156_CR47","first-page":"1888","volume":"34","author":"F Perez-Ruiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez-Ruiz F, Martin I, Canteli B. Ultrasonographic measurement of tophi as an outcome measure for chronic gout. J Rheumatol. Sep 2007;34(9):1888\u20131893.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl3","key":"156_CR48","first-page":"715","volume":"69","author":"A Villalba Yllan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villalba Yllan A, Peiteado D, De Miguel E, Martin Mola E. Assessment of clinical and ultrasonographic changes in patients with gout after one year of treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(Suppl3):715.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T15:47:53Z","timestamp":1559922473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-010-0156-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,6]]}}}