{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:55:56Z","timestamp":1773741356522,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T07:13:41Z","timestamp":1402557221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Pulmonary, renal and neurological comorbidities in patients with ankylosing spondylitis; implications for clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Mercieca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene E.","family":"van der Horst-Bruinsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","volume":"27","author":"S Linden Van der","year":"1984","unstructured":"Van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27:361\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket387","volume":"53","author":"LE Dean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dean LE, Jones GT, Macdonald AG, et al. Global prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2014;53:650\u20137.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"434_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:777\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","volume":"70","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:25\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2012.08.010","volume":"38","author":"IE Horst-Bruinsma Van der","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Nurmohamed MT, Landew\u00e9 RB. Comorbidities in patients with spondyloarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2012;38:523\u201338. A comprehensive review of the commonest comorbidities in SpA.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.983","volume":"7","author":"JM Valderas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valderas JM, Starfield B, Sibbald B, et al. Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7:357\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"434_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965956","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/965956","volume":"2012","author":"A Maghraoui El","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Maghraoui A, Dehhaoui M. Prevalence and characteristics of lung involvement on high resolution computed tomography in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review. Pulm Med. 2012;2012:965956. A good review of radiologically defined abnormalities in AS.","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"key":"434_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.183","volume":"62","author":"N Erb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erb N, Karokis D, Delamere JP, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea as a cause of fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:183\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep021","volume":"48","author":"O Solak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Solak O, Fidan F, D\u00fcndar U, et al. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Rheumatology. 2009;48:433\u20135.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01451293","volume":"17","author":"ES Strobel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Strobel ES, Fritschka E. Renal diseases in ankylosing spondylitis: review of the literature illustrated by case reports. Clin Rheumatol. 1998;17:524\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22176","volume":"66","author":"AR Levy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levy AR, Szabo SM, Rao SR, et al. Estimating the occurrence of renal complications among persons with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66:440\u20135. A well-designed population study estimating the prevalence of renal complications in AS.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120260","volume":"39","author":"JS Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee JS, Lee S, Bang SY, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of anterior atlantoaxial subluxation in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:2321\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150484","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/150484","volume":"2011","author":"SB Chaudhary","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaudhary SB, Hullinger H, Vives MJ. Management of acute spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis. ISRN Rheumatol. 2011;2011:150484.","journal-title":"ISRN Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1766-z","volume":"23","author":"MA Weijden van der","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Weijden MA, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van Denderen JC, et al. High frequency of vertebral fractures in early spondylarthropathies. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(6):1683\u201390.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1151-x","volume":"28","author":"JL Bron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bron JL, de Vries MK, Snieders MN, et al. Discovertebral (Andersson) lesions of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis revisited. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28(8):883\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"434_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.185","volume":"62","author":"A El-Maghraoui","year":"2003","unstructured":"El-Maghraoui A, Chaouir S, Bezza A, et al. Thoracic high resolution computed tomography in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and without respiratory symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(2):185\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.27.2.262-a","volume":"27","author":"D Davies","year":"1972","unstructured":"Davies D. Lung fibrosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Thorax. 1972;27:262.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0286-2","volume":"26","author":"PD Sampaio-Barros","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sampaio-Barros PD, Cerqueira EM, Rezende SM, et al. Pulmonary involvement in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:225\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0498","volume":"55","author":"K Turetschek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Turetschek K, Ebner W, Fleischmann D, et al. Early pulmonary involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: assessment with thin-section CT. Clin Radiol. 2000;55:632\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(02)00085-2","volume":"47","author":"A Kiris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kiris A, Ozgocmen S, Kocakoc E, et al. Lung findings on high resolution CT in early ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Radiol. 2003;47:71\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3699","volume":"14","author":"G Berdal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berdal G, Halvorsen S, van der Heijde D, et al. Restrictive pulmonary function is more prevalent in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in matched population controls and is associated with impaired spinal mobility: a comparative study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14:R19.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.212.423","volume":"212","author":"U Dincer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dincer U, Cakar E, Kiralp MZ, Bozkanat E, et al. The pulmonary involvement in rheumatic diseases: pulmonary effects of ankylosing spondylitis and its impact on functionality and quality of life. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007;212:423\u201330.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199203000-00008","volume":"7","author":"LT Tanoue","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tanoue LT. Pulmonary involvement in collagen vascular disease: a review of the pulmonary manifestations of the Marfan syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, and relapsing polychondritis. J Thorac Imaging. 1992;7:62\u201377.","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.05.002","volume":"31","author":"N Kanathur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanathur N, Lee-Chiong T. Pulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Chest Med. 2010;31:547\u201354.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080569","volume":"36","author":"HH Ho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ho HH, Lin MC, Yu KH, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis and disease-related pulmonary apical fibrosis in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:355\u201360.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728471","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/728471","volume":"2011","author":"M Momeni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Momeni M, Taylor N, Tehrani M. Cardiopulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheumatol. 2011;2011:728471.","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.05.006","volume":"72","author":"A Maghraoui El","year":"2005","unstructured":"El Maghraoui A. Pleuropulmonary involvement in ankylosing spondylitis. Joint Bone Spine. 2005;72:496\u2013502.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1222441","volume":"30","author":"J Donath","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donath J, Miller A. Restrictive chest wall disorders. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30:275\u201392.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.11.921","volume":"49","author":"LR Fisher","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fisher LR, Cawley MI, Holgate ST. Relation between chest expansion, pulmonary function, and exercise tolerance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:921\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0960-1","volume":"24","author":"R Altin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Altin R, Ozdolap S, Savranlar A, et al. Comparison of early and late pleuropulmonary findings of ankylosing spondylitis by high-resolution computed tomography and effects on patients\u2019 daily life. Clin Rheumatol. 2005;24:22\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR31","unstructured":"Sahin G, Guler H, Calikoglu M, et al. A comparison of respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function tests and endurance in patients with early and late stage ankylosing spodylitis. Z Rheumatol. 2006;65:535\u2013538, 540."},{"key":"434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20233","volume":"62","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Braun J, Inman RD, et al. Golimumab reduces sleep disturbance in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:1266\u201371.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100213","volume":"38","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Gooch K, Michel B, et al. Adalimumab improves sleep and sleep quality in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:79\u201386.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000025","volume":"26","author":"GH Louie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Louie GH, Ward MM. Measurement and treatment of radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis: lessons learned from observational studies and clinical trials. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26:145\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","volume":"342","author":"PE Peppard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1378\u201384.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"434_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00107805","volume":"28","author":"Y Peker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J. Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:596\u2013602.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"434_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133793","volume":"70","author":"T Heiberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heiberg T, Lie E, van der Heijde D, et al. Sleep problems are of higher priority for improvement for patients with ankylosing spondylitis than for patients with other inflammatory arthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:872\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200709-155MG","volume":"5","author":"NM Punjabi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Punjabi NM. The Epidemiology of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:136\u201343.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"434_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2254","volume":"8","author":"JA Walsh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walsh JA, Duffin KC, Crim J, et al. Lower frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in spondyloarthritis patients taking TNF-inhibitors. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8:643\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"434_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan S, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Predictors of elevated nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent genes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174:824\u201330.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-066OC"},{"key":"434_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loubaki L, Jacques E, Semlali A, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in uvular tissues differs between snorers and apneic patients. Chest. 2008;134:911\u20138.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0886"},{"key":"434_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garvey JF, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: the role of intermittent hypoxia and inflammation. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:1195\u2013205.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00111208"},{"key":"434_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapsimalis F, Basta M, Varouchakis G, et al. Cytokines and pathological sleep. Sleep Med. 2008;9:603\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.08.019"},{"key":"434_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang JH, Lin HC. Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of autoimmune diseases: a longitudinal population-based study. Sleep Med. 2012;13:583\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.03.002"},{"key":"434_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennum P, Kjellberg J. Health, social and economic consequences of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study. Thorax. 2011;66:560\u20136.","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.143958"},{"key":"434_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749709065659","volume":"26","author":"MJ Vilar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vilar MJ, Cury SE, Ferraz MB, et al. Renal abnormalities in ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1997;26:19\u201323.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR47","first-page":"169","volume":"25","author":"KH Shu","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shu KH, Lian JD, Yang YF, et al. Glomerulonephritis in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Nephrol. 1986;25:169\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"434_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-009-0217-z","volume":"13","author":"R Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta R, Sharma A, Arora R, et al. Membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: a rare association. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009;13:667\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"434_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2624-9","volume":"33","author":"SH Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee SH, Lee EJ, Chung SW, et al. Renal involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence, pathology, response to TNF-a blocker. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33:1689\u201392.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5B","key":"434_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00113-8","volume":"106","author":"A Whelton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whelton A. Nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: physiologic foundations and clinical implications. Am J Med. 1999;106(5B):13S\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"434_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.33.040193.002251","volume":"33","author":"MD Murray","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murray MD, Brater DC. Renal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;33:435\u201365.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"434_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.3.174","volume":"52","author":"K Lehtinen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lehtinen K. Mortality and causes of death in 398 patients admitted to hospital with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:174\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042010000500009","volume":"50","author":"AL Gallinaro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gallinaro AL, Ventura C, Barros PD, et al. Spondyloarthritis: analysis of a Brazilian series compared with a large Ibero-American registry (RESPONDIA group). Rev Bras Reumatol. 2010;50:581\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"},{"key":"434_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2646-3","volume":"33","author":"S D\u00f6nmez","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u00f6nmez S, Pamuk \u00d6N, Pamuk GE, et al. Secondary amyloidosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33:1725\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"434_CR55","first-page":"1613","volume":"20","author":"J Gratac\u00f3s","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gratac\u00f3s J, Collado A, Sanmart\u00ed R, et al. Coincidental amyloid nephropathy and IgA glomerulonephritis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:1613\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR56","first-page":"371","volume":"34","author":"G Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh G, Kumari N, Aggarwal A, et al. Prevalence of subclinical amyloidosis in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:371\u20133.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2010.549252","volume":"18","author":"K Immonen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Immonen K, Finne P, Gr\u00f6nhagen-Riska C, et al. A marked decline in the incidence of renal replacement therapy for amyloidosis associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases - data from nationwide registries in Finland. Amyloid. 2011;18:25\u20138.","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"434_CR58","first-page":"1334","volume":"35","author":"K Immonen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Immonen K, Finne P, Hakala M, et al. No improvement in survival of patients with amyloidosis associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases \u2013 data from the Finnish national registry for kidney diseases. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1334\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.11.631","volume":"56","author":"PN Hawkins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hawkins PN. Diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56:631\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80121-9","volume":"8","author":"BP Hazenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hazenberg BP, van Rijswijk MH. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of AA amyloidosis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1994;8:661\u201390.","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0875-3","volume":"27","author":"ME Perry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perry ME, Stirling A, Hunter JA. Effect of etanercept on serum amyloid A protein (SAA) levels in patients with AA amyloidosis complicating inflammatory arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:923\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0679-x","volume":"26","author":"S Kobak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kobak S, Oksel F, Kabasakal Y, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis-related secondary amyloidosis responded well to etanercept: a report of three patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:2191\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200001000-00012","volume":"7","author":"S Urieli-Shoval","year":"2000","unstructured":"Urieli-Shoval S, Linke RP, Matzner Y. Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states. Curr Opin Hematol. 2000;7:64\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"434_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/76216","volume":"6","author":"SD Yan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yan SD, Zhu H, Zhu A, et al. Receptor-dependent cell stress and amyloid accumulation in systemic amyloidosis. Nat Med. 2000;6:643\u201351.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"434_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05297-1","volume":"358","author":"G Cunnane","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cunnane G. Amyloid proteins in pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis. Lancet. 2001;358:4\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11163","volume":"48","author":"JE Gottenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gottenberg JE, Merle-Vincent F, Bentaberry F, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in fifteen patients with AA amyloidosis secondary to inflammatory arthritides: a follow up report of tolerability and efficacy. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(7):2019\u201324.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"434_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24838","volume":"61","author":"MK Vries De","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Vries MK, van Eijk IC, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, et al. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, and serum amyloid A protein for patient selection and monitoring of Anti-Tumor necrosis Factor treatment in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(11):1484\u201390.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"434_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V93433","volume":"9","author":"ET McCarthy","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Sharma M, et al. TNF-alpha increases albumin permeability of isolated rat glomeruli through the generation of superoxide. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:433\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"434_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp314","volume":"24","author":"A Jacquet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jacquet A, Francois H, Frangie C, et al. IgA nephropathy associated with ankylosing spondylitis is not controlled by infliximab therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:3540\u20132.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"434_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.01.028","volume":"118","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Nebro A, Tomero E, Ortiz-Santamar\u00eda V, et al. Treatment of rheumatic inflammatory disease in 25 patients with secondary amyloidosis using tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Am J Med. 2005;118:552\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"434_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020109","volume":"347","author":"JV Donadio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donadio JV, Grande JP. IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:738\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"434_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000046961.04917.83","volume":"14","author":"E Haddad","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haddad E, Moura IC, Arcos-Fajardo M, et al. Enhanced expression of the CD71 mesangial IgA1 receptor in Berger disease and Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein nephritis: association between CD71 expression and IgA deposits. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:327\u201337.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"434_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200110000-00009","volume":"14","author":"NU Ahn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ahn NU, Ahn UM, Nallamshetty L, et al. Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14:427\u201333.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"434_CR74","first-page":"195","volume":"19","author":"DH Oh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Oh DH, Jun JB, Kim HT, et al. Transverse myelitis in a patient with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19:195\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.1999.11754206","volume":"54","author":"N Libbrecht","year":"1999","unstructured":"Libbrecht N, De Bleecker J. Ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis. Acta Clin Belg. 1999;54:30\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"434_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cddfc","volume":"32","author":"P Thumbikat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thumbikat P, Hariharan RP, Ravichandran G, et al. Spinal cord injury in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a 10-year review. Spine. 2007;32:2989\u201395.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"434_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.03.005","volume":"78","author":"NL Lui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lui NL, Inman RD. Atlanto-axial subluxation as the initial manifestation of spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78:415\u20137.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"434_CR78","first-page":"507","volume":"24","author":"C Ramos-Remus","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ramos-Remus C, Gomez-Vargas A, Hernandez-Chavez A, et al. Two year follow up of anterior and vertical atlantoaxial subluxation in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:507\u201310.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.11.SPINE10279","volume":"14","author":"GW Albert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Albert GW, Menezes AH. Ankylosing spondylitis of the craniovertebral junction: a single surgeon\u2019s experience. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14:429\u201336.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"434_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220716","volume":"22","author":"MA Khan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Khan MA, Kushner I. Ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis: a possible association. Arthritis Rheum. 1979;22:784\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"434_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.12.971","volume":"48","author":"A Calin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Calin A. Is there an association between ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis? Ann Rheum Dis. 1989;48:971\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.082909","volume":"67","author":"D Wendling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wendling D, Flipo RM, Breban M, et al. Coexistence of spondyloarthropathy and multiple sclerosis: a series of 21 cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:901\u20133. The largest case series of patients with coexisting SpA and MS.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"434_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0498-4","volume":"22","author":"C Mercieca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mercieca C, Vella N, Borg AA. Demyelination during anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22:303\u20137.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740802136164","volume":"37","author":"CF Pfueller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pfueller CF, Seipelt E, Zipp F, et al. Multiple sclerosis following etanercept treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:397\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes375","volume":"52","author":"R Seror","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seror R, Richez C, Sordet C, et al. Pattern of demyelination occurring during anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy: a French national survey. Rheumatology. 2013;52:868\u201374.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"434_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2005.11.025","volume":"108","author":"VV Brinar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brinar VV, Petelin Z, Brinar M, et al. CNS demyelination in autoimmune diseases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006;108:318\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"434_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70552-X","volume":"5","author":"LF Barcellos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barcellos LF, Kamdar BB, Ramsay PP, et al. Clustering of autoimmune diseases in families with a high-risk for multiple sclerosis: a descriptive study. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:924\u201331.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"434_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00004.x","volume":"93","author":"R Midgard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Midgard R, Gr\u00f8nning M, Riise T, et al. Multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. A case\u2013control study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996;93:322\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"434_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0347-x","volume":"15","author":"DD O\u2019Rielly","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Rielly DD, Rahman P. Advances in the genetics of spondyloarthritis and clinical implications. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013;15:347.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"434_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1647","volume":"37","author":"MR Lincoln","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lincoln MR, Montpetit A, Cader MZ, et al. A predominant role for the HLA class II region in the association of the MHC region with multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet. 2005;37(10):1108\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"434_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu M, Hu X, Wang Y, et al. Association of IL-23 and its receptor gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in Chinese southern population. Int J Neurosci. 2014 Mar 19. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2014.894044"},{"key":"434_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2007.09.005","volume":"68","author":"AB Begovich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Begovich AB, Chang M, Caillier SJ, et al. The autoimmune disease-associated IL12B and IL23R polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Hum Immunol. 2007;68:934\u20137.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"434_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/362068a0","volume":"362","author":"JR Oksenberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oksenberg JR, Panzara MA, Begovich AB, et al. Selection for T-cell receptor V beta-D beta-J beta gene rearrangements with specificity for a myelin basic protein peptide in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis. Nature. 1993;362:68.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"434_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041257","volume":"201","author":"CL Langrish","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, et al. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201:233.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"434_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.07.016","volume":"57","author":"HS Hreggvidsdottir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hreggvidsdottir HS, Noordenbos T, Baeten DL. Inflammatory pathways in spondyloarthritis. Mol Immunol. 2014;57:28\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"434_CR96","first-page":"S134","volume":"22","author":"MD Magnano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Magnano MD, Robinson WH, Genovese MC. Demyelination and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004;22:S134\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.4.1193","volume":"172","author":"NH Ruddle","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ruddle NH, Bergman CM, McGrath KM, et al. An antibody to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor prevents transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med. 1990;172:1193\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"434_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.457","volume":"53","author":"The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS\/MRI Analysis Group","year":"1999","unstructured":"The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS\/MRI Analysis Group. TNF neutralization in MS: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Neurology. 1999;53:457\u201365.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"434_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6.1531","volume":"47","author":"BW Oosten van","year":"1996","unstructured":"van Oosten BW, Barkhof F, Truyen L, et al. Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2. Neurology. 1996;47:1531\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"434_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100619","volume":"43","author":"M Cellerini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cellerini M, Gabbrielli S, Bongi SM. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis-like syndrome. Neuroradiology. 2001;43:1067\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"434_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.56.8.819","volume":"56","author":"GJ Whitman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Whitman GJ, Khan MA. Unusual occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis in a black patient. Cleve Clin J Med. 1989;56:819\u201322.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"434_CR102","first-page":"169","volume":"104","author":"FU Tan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tan FU, Tellio\u011flu S, Aydin G, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis in an HLA-B27 negative patient. Acta Neurol Belg. 2004;104:169\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"434_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0092-0","volume":"30","author":"A Mignarri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mignarri A, Dotti MT, Battisti C, et al. Occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis-like syndrome in a HLA-B27 positive patient. Neurol Sci. 2009;30:329\u201332.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"434_CR104","first-page":"340","volume":"111","author":"P Borman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borman P, Tuncay F, K\u00f6yba\u015fi M, et al. Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg. 2011;111:340\u20133.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"434_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000351248","volume":"70","author":"A Lourbopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lourbopoulos A, Ioannidis P, Boura E, et al. Coexistence of multiple sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis: report of two cases. Eur Neurol. 2013;70:149\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"434_CR106","first-page":"137","volume":"13","author":"N Pillay","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pillay N, Hunter T. Delayed evoked potentials in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1986;13:137\u201341.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR107","first-page":"1512","volume":"15","author":"PS Hanrahan","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hanrahan PS, Russell AS, McLean DR. Ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis: an apparent association? J Rheumatol. 1988;15:1512\u20134.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"434_CR108","first-page":"124578","volume":"2014","author":"BJ Wade","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wade BJ. Spatial analysis of global prevalence of multiple sclerosis suggests need for an updated prevalence scale. Mult Scler Int. 2014;2014:124578.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"434_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.09.002","volume":"13","author":"E Kaltsonoudis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaltsonoudis E, Voulgari PV, Konitsiotis S, et al. Demyelination and other neurological adverse events after anti-TNF therapy. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:54\u20138.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T21:29:01Z","timestamp":1649366941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-014-0434-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"article-number":"434"}}