{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:46:18Z","timestamp":1785228378180,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T16:28:44Z","timestamp":1619627324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reactive Arthritis following Bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin Therapy for Bladder Cancer: a Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kawther Ben","family":"Abdelghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"Nacef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saoussen","family":"Miladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Sellami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kmar","family":"Ouenniche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Souabni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Kassab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Chekili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Fazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Laatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S202006","volume":"9","author":"S Guallar-Garrido","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guallar-Garrido S, Juli\u00e1n E. Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) Therapy for bladder cancer: an update. ITT. 2020;9:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ITT.S202006. This study highlights the latest recommendations regarding the value of BCG therapy in the treatment of bladder cancer.","journal-title":"ITT"},{"key":"1004_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58737-6","volume":"116","author":"A Morales","year":"1976","unstructured":"Morales A, Eidinger D, Bruce AW. Intracavitary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. J Urol. 1976;116:180\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58737-6.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1004_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.044057","volume":"82","author":"SS Hamdulay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamdulay SS. When is arthritis reactive? Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:446\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.2005.044057.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"1004_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12141","volume":"8","author":"X Zeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeng X, Zhang Y, Kwong JSW, Zhang C, Li S, Sun F, et al. The methodological quality assessment tools for preclinical and clinical studies, systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline: a systematic review: methodological quality assessment tools. J Evid Based Med. 2015;8:2\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jebm.12141.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"1004_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hatano N, Hikiji H, Matsubara M. Asian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011;23:25\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoms.2010.10.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2010.10.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"1004_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-018-0889-7","volume":"46","author":"H Yoshimura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshimura H, Okano T, Inui K, Nakamura H. Ultrasonographic findings in a patient with reactive arthritis induced by intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer. J Med Ultrason (2001). 2019;46(1):163\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10396-018-0889-7. This study highlights the interest of osteoarticular ultrasound in the diagnosis of reactive arthritis but also in the differential diagnosis with seronegative polyarthritis.","journal-title":"J Med Ultrason (2001)"},{"key":"1004_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s13691-018-0342-1","volume":"7","author":"T Nakagawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakagawa T, Shigehara K, Naito R, Yaegashi H, Nakashima K, Iijima M, et al. Reiter\u2019s syndrome following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for bladder carcinoma: a report of five cases. Int Canc Conf J. 2018;7:148\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13691-018-0342-1.","journal-title":"Int Canc Conf J"},{"key":"1004_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.926853","volume":"25","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taniguchi Y, Karashima T, Yoshinaga Y, Shuin T, Fujimoto S, Terada Y. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with reactive arthritis following intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25:161\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14397595.2014.926853.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"1004_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.06.017","volume":"12","author":"L Bernini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernini L, Manzini CU, Giuggioli D, Sebastiani M, Ferri C. Reactive arthritis induced by intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer: our clinical experience and systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:1150\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.06.017.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1004_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2013202741\u2013b","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-202741","volume":"2014","author":"K Ben Abdelghani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben Abdelghani K, Fazaa A, Souabni L, Zakraoui L. Reactive arthritis induced by intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer. Case Re. 2014;2014:bcr2013202741\u2013bcr2013202741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-202741.","journal-title":"Case Re"},{"key":"1004_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2019.01.011","volume":"74","author":"M Slouma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Slouma M, Chammakhi M, Dhahri R, Metoui L, Boussetta N, Ajili F, et al. Unusual evolution of reactive arthritis induced by BCG therapy. Therapies. 2019;74:685\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.therap.2019.01.011. This study is important since as it describes a case of reactive arthritis manifested by an axial symptomatology and having evolved after a few years into spondyloarthritis.","journal-title":"Therapies"},{"issue":"3","key":"1004_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001448","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_001448","volume":"7","author":"M Freixa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freixa M, \u00daria S, da Silva GN. Reactive arthritis \u2013 a rare complication of intravesical BCG instillation. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020;7(3):001448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2020_001448.","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"1004_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2014.01.016","volume":"40","author":"KL Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng KL, Chua CB. Reiter\u2019s syndrome postintravesical Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin instillations. Asian J Surg. 2017;40:163\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2014.01.016.","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"1004_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2012.01735.x","volume":"15","author":"K Kwan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwan K, Bharadwaj S, Inderjeeth C. Response to treatment with tocilizumab of reactive arthritis induced by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin unresponsive to DMARDs. Int J Rheum Dis. 2012;15:e73\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2012.01735.x.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1004_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.4759","volume":"12","author":"DC Cheung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheung DC, Millman AL, Hamilton RJ. Case: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced Reiter syndrome with an attempt at repeat BCG induction. CUAJ. 2017;12:E37\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.4759.","journal-title":"CUAJ"},{"key":"1004_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2018.09.337","volume":"145","author":"J-G Letarouilly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Letarouilly J-G, Greliak A, Le Guern A, Wiart T, Modiano P. Un syndrome oculo-ur\u00e9tro-synovial sous BCG-th\u00e9rapie. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2018;145:S224\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annder.2018.09.337.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1004_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.14.41","volume":"9","author":"S Cardozo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardozo S, Garc\u00eda C, Pinto Pe\u00f1aranda LF, Mu\u00f1oz-Grajales C, Vel\u00e1squez Franco CJ, Correa JJ, et al. Reactive arthritis following Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin immunotherapy. Int J Clin Rheumatol. 2014;9:409\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/ijr.14.41.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"902","key":"1004_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.76.902.791","volume":"76","author":"MB Hogarth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hogarth MB, Thomas S, Seifert MH, Tariq SM. Reiter\u2019s syndrome following intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Postgrad Med J. 2000;76(902):791\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.76.902.791.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"1004_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-003-0272-3","volume":"14","author":"H Murata","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murata H, Adachi Y, Ebitsuka T, Chino Y, Takahashi R, Hayashi T, et al. Reiter\u2019s syndrome following intravesical bacille bili\u00e9 de Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma: report of six cases. Mod Rheumatol. 2004;14:82\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/s10165-003-0272-3.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"1004_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00404-4","volume":"63","author":"S Gonzalez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gonzalez S, Garcia-Fernandez S, Martinez-Borra J, Blanco-Gelaz MA, Rodrigo L, Sanchez del R\u00edo J, et al. High variability of HLA-B27 alleles in ankylosing spondylitis and related spondyloarthropathies in the population of northern Spain. Hum Immunol. 2002;63:673\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00404-4.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"1004_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.09.014","volume":"84","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taniguchi Y, Nishikawa H, Karashima T, Yoshinaga Y, Fujimoto S, Terada Y. Frequency of reactive arthritis, uveitis, and conjunctivitis in Japanese patients with bladder cancer following intravesical BCG therapy: a 20-year, two-centre retrospective study. Jt Bone Spine. 2017;84:637\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.09.014.","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"key":"1004_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-005-0059-2","volume":"26","author":"E Tinazzi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tinazzi E, Ficarra V, Simeoni S, Artibani W, Lunardi C. Reactive arthritis following BCG immunotherapy for urinary bladder carcinoma: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26:481\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-005-0059-2.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1004_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401010","volume":"40","author":"Z Yin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yin Z, Braun J, Neure L, Wu P, Liu L, Eggens U, et al. Crucial role of interleukin-10\/interleukin-12 balance in the regulation of the type 2 T helper cytokine response in reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1788\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780401010.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1004_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.15.5117","volume":"82","author":"WV Eden","year":"1985","unstructured":"Eden WV, Holoshitz J, Nevo Z, Frenkel A, Klajman A, Cohen IR. Arthritis induced by a T-lymphocyte clone that responds to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to cartilage proteoglycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82:5117\u201320.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1004_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1411","volume":"8","author":"LC Macleod","year":"2014","unstructured":"Macleod LC, Ngo TC, Gonzalgo ML. Complications of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin. CUAJ. 2014;8:540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.1411.","journal-title":"CUAJ"},{"key":"1004_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6230409","volume":"2019","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lu J, Huang Y, Ma L. Clinical spectrum of complications induced by intravesical immunotherapy of Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin for bladder cancer. J Oncol. 2019;2019:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6230409. This study summarizes the clinical manifestations following BCG therapy, including reactive arthritis.","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"1004_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.38.Suppl_1.8","volume":"38","author":"RF Willkens","year":"1979","unstructured":"Willkens RF, Arnett FC, Bitter T, Calin A, Fisher L, Ford DK, et al. Reiter\u2019s syndrome: evaluation of proposed criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 1979;38:8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.38.Suppl_1.8.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1004_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2015.69.42-45","volume":"69","author":"A Lahu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lahu A, Backa T, Ismaili J, Lahu V, Saiti V. Modes of presentation of reactive arthritis based on the affected joints. Med Arh. 2015;69:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/medarh.2015.69.42-45.","journal-title":"Med Arh"},{"key":"1004_CR29","unstructured":"Kuipers JG, Bialowons A, Dollmann P, Jendro MC, Koehler L, Ikeda M, Yu DT, Zeidler H. The modulation of chlamydial replication by HLA-B27 depends on the cytoplasmic domain of HLA-B27. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(1):47\u201352."},{"key":"1004_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000558320.47868.2f","volume":"32","author":"M Pennisi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pennisi M, Perdue J, Roulston T, Nicholas J, Schmidt E, Rolfs J. An overview of reactive arthritis. J Am Acad Physician Assist. 2019;32:25\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000558320.47868.2f.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Physician Assist"},{"key":"1004_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080395","volume":"35","author":"R D\u00edaz-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Pe\u00f1a R, Blanco-Gelaz MA, Njobvu P, L\u00f3pez-Vazquez A, Su\u00e1rez-\u00c1lvarez B, L\u00f3pez-Larrea C. Influence of HLA-B*5703 and HLA-B*1403 on susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies in the Zambian population. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:2236\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.080395.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1004_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24899","volume":"61","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Kuwahara Y, Shima Y, Hirano T, Kawai M, Ogawa M, et al. Successful treatment of reactive arthritis with a humanized anti\u2013interleukin-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1762\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24899.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1625917133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-021-01004-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}],"article-number":"39"}}