{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:46:19Z","timestamp":1793339179800,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1680518111000},"page":"83-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Narrative Review: Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Pendse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Toprover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Pillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31824c39ba","volume":"125","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Allison MA, Gomes AS, Corriere MA, Duval S, Ershow AG, Hiatt WR, Karas RH, Lovell MB, McDermott MM, et al. A call to action: women and peripheral artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:1449\u201372.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.01.012","volume":"55","author":"JC Thorud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thorud JC, Plemmons B, Buckley CJ, Shibuya N, Jupiter DC. Mortality after nontraumatic major amputation among patients with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016;55:591\u20139.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.12.008","volume":"9","author":"UK Sampson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sampson UK, Fowkes FG, McDermott MM, Criqui MH, Aboyans V, Norman PE, Forouzanfar MH, Naghavi M, Song Y, Harrell FE Jr, et al. Global and regional burden of death and disability from peripheral artery disease: 21 world regions, 1990 to 2010. Glob Heart. 2014;9:145\u201358.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"1100_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.20307.x","volume":"17","author":"MM McDermott","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDermott MM, Hahn EA, Greenland P, Cella D, Ockene JK, Brogan D, Pearce WH, Hirsch AT, Hanley K, Odom L, et al. Atherosclerotic risk factor reduction in peripheral arterial disease: results of a national physician survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:895\u2013904.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1100_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037","volume":"45","author":"L Norgren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FGR. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:S5\u201367.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.11.083","volume":"68","author":"J Willey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Willey J, Mentias A, Vaughan-Sarrazin M, McCoy K, Rosenthal G, Girotra S. Epidemiology of lower extremity peripheral artery disease in veterans. J Vasc Surg. 2018;68:527\u201335.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.2.384","volume":"20","author":"FG Fowkes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fowkes FG, Housley E, Cawood EH, Macintyre CC, Ruckley CV, Prescott RJ. Edinburgh Artery Study: prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20:384\u201392.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1100_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319713480842","volume":"65","author":"YJ Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen YJ, Lin MS, Hsu KY, Chen CR, Chen CM, Chen W. Prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease and related risk factors in younger and elderly patients in Taiwan. Angiology. 2014;65:396\u2013401.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"1100_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.02.004","volume":"45","author":"B Sigvant","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sigvant B, Wiberg-Hedman K, Bergqvist D, Rolandsson O, Andersson B, Persson E, Wahlberg E. A population-based study of peripheral arterial disease prevalence with special focus on critical limb ischemia and sex differences. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:1185\u201391.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2016.04.001","volume":"19","author":"A Dua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dua A, Lee CJ. Epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016;19:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1100_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.6.1915","volume":"87","author":"GD Lowe","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lowe GD, Fowkes FG, Dawes J, Donnan PT, Lennie SE, Housley E. Blood viscosity, fibrinogen, and activation of coagulation and leukocytes in peripheral arterial disease and the normal population in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation. 1993;87:1915\u201320.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000691","volume":"32","author":"NA Sumpter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sumpter NA, Saag KG, Reynolds RJ, Merriman TR. Comorbidities in gout and hyperuricemia: causality or epiphenomena? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2020;32:126\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40807","volume":"71","author":"M Chen-Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022 Chen-Xu M, Yokose C, Rai SK, Pillinger MH, Choi HK. Contemporary prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the United States and decadal trends: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007\u20132016. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71:991\u20139. In this nationally representative survey sample of 5467 participants in the NHANES 2015\u20132016, they estimated the most recent prevalence rates of gout to be 3.9% among adults in the USA (9.2 million people), with 5.2% [5.9 million] in men and 2.7% [3.3 million] in women.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389","volume":"116","author":"HK Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116:894\u2013900.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-5096(06)60789-9","volume":"2","author":"KW Johnston","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnston KW, Rae M, Steiner G, Kalman PG, Schwartz L, Hill ME, Walker PM. An atherosclerosis risk factor assessment program for patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 1988;2:101\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02260-6","volume":"22","author":"M Toprover","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u2022 Toprover M, Shah B, Oh C, Igel TF, Romero AG, Pike VC, Curovic F, Bang D, Lazaro D, Krasnokutsky S, et al. Initiating guideline-concordant gout treatment improves arterial endothelial function and reduces intercritical inflammation: a prospective observational study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22:169. This prospective observational study found initiating guideline-concordant gout treatment reduces intercritical systemic inflammation and improves endothelial-dependent arterial function, particularly in patients without established cardiovascular comorbidities.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"1100_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4029-y","volume":"37","author":"S Krasnokutsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krasnokutsky S, Romero AG, Bang D, Pike VC, Shah B, Igel TF, Dektiarev I, Guo Y, Zhong J, Katz SD, et al. Impaired arterial responsiveness in untreated gout patients compared with healthy non-gout controls: association with serum urate and C-reactive protein. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37:1903\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Calabuig I, G\u00f3mez-Garber\u00ed M, Andr\u00e9s M. Gout is prevalent but under-registered among patients with cardiovascular events: a field study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:560\u2013560. This cross-sectional study found that gout is highly prevalent among patients admitted for cardiovascular events, with suboptimal urate management, despite being a well-established independent CAD risk factor.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00560"},{"key":"1100_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40807","volume":"71","author":"M Chen-Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen-Xu M, Yokose C, Rai SK, Pillinger MH, Choi HK. Contemporary prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the United States and decadal trends: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007\u20132016. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2019;71:991\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"1100_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.06.014","volume":"29","author":"D Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu D, Zou L, Xing Y, Hou L, Wei Y, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Hu D, Xu Y, Li J, et al. Diagnostic value of ankle-brachial index in peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:492\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.6.2906","volume":"36","author":"Z Shou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shou Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li S. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36:1344\u20138.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"1100_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5230","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005230","volume":"95","author":"Q Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao Q, He B, Zhu C, Xiao Y, Wei L, Jia W. Factors associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e5230.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1100_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv418","volume":"31","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen J, Mohler ER, Xie D, Shlipak M, Townsend RR, Appel LJ, Ojo A, Schreiber M, Nessel L, Zhang X, et al. Traditional and non-traditional risk factors for incident peripheral arterial disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;31:1145\u201351.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"1100_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319713513143","volume":"65","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Lu JP, Wu XG, Yang CL. Serum uric acid concentration and asymptomatic hyperuricemia with subclinical organ damage in general population. Angiology. 2014;65:634\u201340.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"1100_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.63.6.2033385","volume":"63","author":"L Zheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zheng L, Yu J, Li J, Li X, Luo Y, Hasimu B, Sun Z, Sun Y, Hu D. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease among Chinese hypertensive patients with and without known cardiovascular disease. Acta Cardiol. 2008;63:693\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.03.034","volume":"46","author":"X Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang X, Sun K, Zhang W, Wu H, Zhang H, Hui R. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the patients with hypertension among Han Chinese. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:296\u2013302.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523897","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/523897","volume":"2014","author":"D Kuo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuo D, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL. Hyperuricemia and incident cardiovascular disease and noncardiac vascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheumatol. 2014;2014:523897.","journal-title":"Int J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01239.x","volume":"21","author":"CH Tseng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tseng CH. Independent association of uric acid levels with peripheral arterial disease in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004;21:724\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1100_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.37010","volume":"24","author":"Y Sotoda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sotoda Y, Hirooka S, Orita H, Wakabayashi I. Association of Serum uric acid levels with leg ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease after treatment. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017;24:725\u201334.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"1100_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.029","volume":"196","author":"A Shankar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shankar A, Klein BE, Nieto FJ, Klein R. Association between serum uric acid level and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196:749\u201355.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1100_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00881.x","volume":"20","author":"RJ Tapp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, de Courten MP, Dunstan DW, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ. Foot complications in type 2 diabetes: an Australian population-based study. Diabet Med. 2003;20:105\u201313.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1100_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(03)00093-5","volume":"168","author":"M Langlois","year":"2003","unstructured":"Langlois M, De Bacquer D, Duprez D, De Buyzere M, Delanghe J, Blaton V. Serum uric acid in hypertensive patients with and without peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis. 2003;168:163\u20138.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1100_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319716641827","volume":"68","author":"H Hamur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamur H, Onk OA, Vuruskan E, Duman H, Bakirci EM, Kucuksu Z, Degirmenci H, Buyuklu M, Topal E. Determinants of chronic total occlusion in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angiology. 2017;68:151\u20138.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"1100_CR34","first-page":"1882","volume":"34","author":"J Hjortnaes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hjortnaes J, Algra A, Olijhoek J, Huisman M, Jacobs J, van der Graaf Y, Visseren F. Serum uric acid levels and risk for vascular diseases in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1882\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186220","volume":"12","author":"V Cornejo Del R\u00edo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornejo Del R\u00edo V, Mostaza J, Lahoz C, S\u00e1nchez-Arroyo V, Sab\u00edn C, L\u00f3pez S, Patr\u00f3n P, Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda P, Fern\u00e1ndez-Puntero B, Vicent D, et al. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and factors associated: an epidemiological analysis from the population-based screening PRE-diabetes and type 2 DIAbetes (SPREDIA-2) study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0186220.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1100_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12689","volume":"20","author":"G Celik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Celik G, Yilmaz S, Kebapcilar L, Gundogdu A. Central arterial characteristics of gout patients with chronic kidney diseases. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017;20:628\u201338.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1100_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175363","volume":"12","author":"S-C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen S-C, Lee M-Y, Huang J-C, Mai H-C, Kuo P-L, Chang J-M, Chen H-C, Yang Y-H. Association of diabetes mellitus with decline in ankle-brachial index among patients on hemodialysis: a 6-year follow-up study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0175363\u2013e0175363.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1100_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714566228","volume":"66","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Dong Y, Tang Z, Zhang F, Hu D, Yu J. Serum uric acid, gender, and low ankle brachial index in adults with high cardiovascular risk. Angiology. 2015;66:687\u201391.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"1100_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.164572","volume":"26","author":"S Laghari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laghari S, Ullah K, Masroor I, Butt G, Kifayat F. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease diagnosed by ankle brachial index among chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary care unit. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2015;26:924\u201330.","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"1100_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.051","volume":"242","author":"LX Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li LX, Lu JX, Shuai HP, Xia HF, Zhang R, Wang JW, Chen MY, Li TT, Bao YQ, Jia WP. Decreased urine uric acid excretion is associated with diabetic retinopathy but not with lower limb atherosclerosis in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242:13\u20138.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1100_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Taher R, Sara JD, Prasad M, Kolluri N, Toya T, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with peripheral endothelial dysfunction in women. Atherosclerosis. 2019; 290, 37\u201343. This retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients referred for routine cardiovascular evaluation found that high normal SUA levels are associated with peripheral arterial dysfunction in women who are otherwise at low risk for CAD.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.013"},{"key":"1100_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.1131","volume":"71","author":"CH Tseng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tseng CH. Sex difference in the distribution of atherosclerotic risk factors and their association with peripheral arterial disease in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients. Circ J. 2007;71:1131\u20136.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"1100_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Song M, Li N, Yao Y, Wang K, Yang J, Cui Q, Geng B, Chen J, Wang Y, Cheng W, et al. Longitudinal association between serum uric acid levels and multiterritorial atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med. 2019; 23, 4970\u20134979. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between SUA and multiterritorial vascular stenosis and found that the cumulative incidence of vascular stenosis was significantly higher in subjects with hyperuricemia than in those without hyperuricemia.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14337"},{"key":"1100_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, Pannier B, Vlachopoulos C, Wilkinson I, Struijker-Boudier H. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2588\u2013605.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"1100_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000651","volume":"33","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayashi K, Yamamoto T, Takahara A, Shirai K. Clinical assessment of arterial stiffness with cardio-ankle vascular index: theory and applications. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1742\u201357.","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"1100_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.13.101","volume":"13","author":"K Shirai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shirai K, Utino J, Otsuka K, Takata M. A novel blood pressure-independent arterial wall stiffness parameter; cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). J Atheroscler Thromb. 2006;13:101\u20137.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"1100_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-11-51","volume":"11","author":"T Namekata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Namekata T, Suzuki K, Ishizuka N, Shirai K. Establishing baseline criteria of cardio-ankle vascular index as a new indicator of arteriosclerosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2011;11:51.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"1100_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.39685","volume":"25","author":"H Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu H, Liu J, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Li L, Wang H. Relationship between serum uric acid and vascular function and structure markers and gender difference in a real-world population of China-from Beijing Vascular Disease Patients Evaluation Study (BEST) Study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018;25:254\u201361.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"1100_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.011","volume":"239","author":"D Nagayama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagayama D, Yamaguchi T, Saiki A, Imamura H, Sato Y, Ban N, Kawana H, Nagumo A, Shirai K, Tatsuno I. High serum uric acid is associated with increased cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in healthy Japanese subjects: a cross-sectional study. Atherosclerosis. 2015;239:163\u20138.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1100_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246416","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246416","volume":"16","author":"M Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma M, Wang L, Huang W, Zhong X, Li L, Wang H, Peng B, Mao M. Meta-analysis of the correlation between serum uric acid level and carotid intima-media thickness. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0246416.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1100_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09633","volume":"70","author":"D Terentes-Printzios","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terentes-Printzios D, Vlachopoulos C, Xaplanteris P, Ioakeimidis N, Aznaouridis K, Baou K, Kardara D, Georgiopoulos G, Georgakopoulos C, Tousoulis D. Cardiovascular risk factors accelerate progression of vascular aging in the general population: results from the CRAVE study (cardiovascular risk factors affecting vascular age). Hypertension. 2017;70:1057\u201364.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1100_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206397","volume":"74","author":"N Dalbeth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalbeth N, House ME, Aati O, Tan P, Franklin C, Horne A, Gamble GD, Stamp LK, Doyle AJ, McQueen FM. Urate crystal deposition in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and symptomatic gout: a dual energy CT study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:908\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1100_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90441-4","volume":"82","author":"EW Campion","year":"1987","unstructured":"Campion EW, Glynn RJ, Delabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the normative aging study. Amer J Med. 1987;82:421\u20136.","journal-title":"Amer J Med."},{"key":"1100_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319707303444","volume":"58","author":"JF Baker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baker JF, Schumacher HR, Krishnan E. Serum uric acid level and risk for peripheral arterial disease: analysis of data from the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Angiology. 2007;58:450\u20137.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"1100_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205252","volume":"74","author":"LE Clarson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clarson LE, Hider SL, Belcher J, Heneghan C, Roddy E, Mallen CD. Increased risk of vascular disease associated with gout: a retrospective, matched cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:642\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1100_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0441-1","volume":"16","author":"M Dehlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dehlin M, Jacobsson L, Roddy E. Global epidemiology of gout: prevalence, incidence, treatment patterns and risk factors. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:380\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1100_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1900-4","volume":"32","author":"S \u00c7ukurova","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00c7ukurova S, Pamuk \u00d6N, \u00dcnl\u00fc E, Pamuk GE, \u00c7akir N. Subclinical atherosclerosis in gouty arthritis patients: a comparative study. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:1769\u201373.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1100_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.007","volume":"248","author":"PA Cahill","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Vascular endothelium - gatekeeper of vessel health. Atherosclerosis. 2016;248:97\u2013109.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1100_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787541","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.787541","volume":"12","author":"SR Botts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional vascular endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis: emerging insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:787541.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1100_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","volume":"118","author":"MA Gimbrone Jr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gimbrone MA Jr, Garc\u00eda-Carde\u00f1a G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2016;118:620\u201336.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1100_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93147-F","volume":"340","author":"DS Celermajer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Miller OI, Sullivan ID, Lloyd JK, Deanfield JE. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1992;340:1111\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1100_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21772","volume":"64","author":"D Khanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, Pillinger MH, Merill J, Lee S, Prakash S, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:1431\u201346.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"key":"1100_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000022140.61460.1D","volume":"106","author":"CA Farquharson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farquharson CA, Butler R, Hill A, Belch JJ, Struthers AD. Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2002;106:221\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.3.746","volume":"35","author":"R Butler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Butler R, Morris AD, Belch JJ, Hill A, Struthers AD. Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension. Hypertension. 2000;35:746\u201351.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1100_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000017502.58595.ED","volume":"105","author":"W Doehner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Doehner W, Schoene N, Rauchhaus M, Leyva-Leon F, Pavitt DV, Reaveley DA, Schuler G, Coats AJ, Anker SD, Hambrecht R. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure: results from 2 placebo-controlled studies. Circulation. 2002;105:2619\u201324.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000046448.26751.58","volume":"107","author":"S Guthikonda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guthikonda S, Sinkey C, Barenz T, Haynes WG. Xanthine oxidase inhibition reverses endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers. Circulation. 2003;107:416\u201321.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12432","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12432","volume":"36","author":"MM Alem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alem MM. Allopurinol and endothelial function: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cardiovasc Ther. 2018;36:e12432.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"1100_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016050521","volume":"28","author":"DI Jalal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jalal DI, Decker E, Perrenoud L, Nowak KL, Bispham N, Mehta T, Smits G, You Z, Seals D, Chonchol M, et al. Vascular function and uric acid-lowering in stage 3 CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28:943\u201352.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1100_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11451210","volume":"6","author":"M Kanbay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanbay M, Huddam B, Azak A, Solak Y, Kadioglu GK, Kirbas I, Duranay M, Covic A, Johnson RJ. A randomized study of allopurinol on endothelial function and estimated glomular filtration rate in asymptomatic hyperuricemic subjects with normal renal function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:1887\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1100_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.06.010","volume":"121","author":"JE Salmon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salmon JE, Roman MJ. Subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 2008;121:S3-8.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1100_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(19)30757-0","volume":"73","author":"J Gozdor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gozdor J, Janoudi A, Feijter-Rupp HD, Alsherbini A, Boumegouas M, Abela G. The presence and potential role of monosodium urate crystals in atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:149.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01621-6","volume":"88","author":"P Patetsios","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patetsios P, Song M, Shutze WP, Pappas C, Rodino W, Ramirez JA, Panetta TF. Identification of uric acid and xanthine oxidase in atherosclerotic plaque. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:188\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33318.x","volume":"800","author":"P Patetsios","year":"1996","unstructured":"Patetsios P, Rodino W, Wisselink W, Bryan D, Kirwin JD, Panetta TF. Identification of uric acid in aortic aneurysms and atherosclerotic artery. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996;800:243\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"1100_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Barazani SH, Chi WW, Pyzik R, Chang H, Jacobi A, O'Donnell T, Fayad ZA, Ali Y, and Mani V. Quantification of uric acid in vasculature of patients with gout using dual-energy computed tomography. World J Radiol. 2020; 12, 184\u2013194. This pilot study showed that dual-energy computed tomography can quantify vascular urate deposits with variation across groups, with gout patients possibly having higher deposition.","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v12.i8.184"},{"key":"1100_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39581","volume":"68","author":"M Andr\u00e9s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s M, Quintanilla M-A, Sivera F, S\u00e1nchez-Pay\u00e1 J, Pascual E, Vela P, Ruiz-Nodar J-M. Silent monosodium urate crystal deposits are associated with severe coronary calcification in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: an exploratory study. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2016;68:1531\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"1100_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.651117","volume":"114","author":"J George","year":"2006","unstructured":"George J, Carr E, Davies J, Belch JJ, Struthers A. High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly reducing vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation. 2006;114:2508\u201316.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1100_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq037","volume":"49","author":"E Krishnan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krishnan E. Inflammation, oxidative stress and lipids: the risk triad for atherosclerosis in gout. Rheumatology. 2010;49:1229\u201338.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1100_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001222","volume":"45","author":"GM Feuchtner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feuchtner GM, Plank F, Beyer C, Schwabl C, Held J, Bellmann-Weiler R, Weiss G, Gruber J, Widmann G, Klauser AS. Monosodium urate crystal deposition in coronary artery plaque by 128-slice dual-energy computed tomography: an ex vivo phantom and in vivo study. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2021;45:856\u201362.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1100_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051240","volume":"12","author":"AS Klauser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klauser AS, Strobl S, Schwabl C, Klotz W, Feuchtner G, Moriggl B, Held J, Taljanovic M, Weaver JS, Reijnierse M, et al. Prevalence of monosodium urate (MSU) deposits in cadavers detected by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(5):1240\u201351.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"1100_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086905","volume":"103","author":"CR Hart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hart CR, Layec G, Trinity JD, Kwon OS, Zhao J, Reese VR, Gifford JR, Richardson RS. Increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial free radical production in peripheral arterial disease despite preserved mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Exp Physiol. 2018;103:838\u201350.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"1100_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.003","volume":"41","author":"II Pipinos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pipinos II, Judge AR, Zhu Z, Selsby JT, Swanson SA, Johanning JM, Baxter BT, Lynch TG, Dodd SL. Mitochondrial defects and oxidative damage in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006;41:262\u20139.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"62","key":"1100_CR82","first-page":"2383","volume":"1987","author":"WR Hiatt","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hiatt WR, Nawaz D, Brass EP. Carnitine metabolism during exercise in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Appl Physiol. 1985;1987(62):2383\u20137.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1100_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X0000500109","volume":"5","author":"EP Brass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brass EP, Hiatt WR. Acquired skeletal muscle metabolic myopathy in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med. 2000;5:55\u20139.","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"1100_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.068","volume":"96","author":"M Kato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kato M, Hisatome I, Tomikura Y, Kotani K, Kinugawa T, Ogino K, Ishida K, Igawa O, Shigemasa C, Somers VK. Status of endothelial dependent vasodilation in patients with hyperuricemia. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:1576\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200407-JLR200","volume":"44","author":"RA Patterson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patterson RA, Horsley ET, Leake DS. Prooxidant and antioxidant properties of human serum ultrafiltrates toward LDL: important role of uric acid. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:512\u201321.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1100_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1159\/000087713","volume":"25","author":"DH Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang DH, Han L, Ouyang X, Kahn AM, Kanellis J, Li P, Feng L, Nakagawa T, Watanabe S, Hosoyamada M, et al. Uric acid causes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by entering cells via a functional urate transporter. Am J Nephrol. 2005;25:425\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"1100_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3362","volume":"89","author":"LS Terada","year":"1992","unstructured":"Terada LS, Guidot DM, Leff JA, Willingham IR, Hanley ME, Piermattei D, Repine JE. Hypoxia injures endothelial cells by increasing endogenous xanthine oxidase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:3362\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1100_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.234559","volume":"32","author":"A Kushiyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kushiyama A, Okubo H, Sakoda H, Kikuchi T, Fujishiro M, Sato H, Kushiyama S, Iwashita M, Nishimura F, Fukushima T, et al. Xanthine oxidoreductase is involved in macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:291\u20138.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1100_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04554","volume":"4","author":"J Nomura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nomura J, Busso N, Ives A, Matsui C, Tsujimoto S, Shirakura T, Tamura M, Kobayashi T, So A, Yamanaka Y. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by febuxostat attenuates experimental atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4554.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1100_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.8.924","volume":"300","author":"DI Feig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure of adolescents with newly diagnosed essential hypertension: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300:924\u201332.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1100_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016050521","volume":"28","author":"DI Jalal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jalal DI, Decker E, Perrenoud L, Nowak KL, Bispham N, Mehta T, Smits G, You Z, Seals D, Chonchol M, et al. Vascular function and uric acid-lowering in stage 3 CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28:943\u201352.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1100_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Johnson RJ, Choi HK, Yeo AE, Lipsky PE. Pegloticase treatment significantly decreases blood pressure in patients with chronic gout. Hypertension. 2019;74:95\u2013101. This post hoc analysis used results from two 6-month randomized clinical trials in which subjects were treated with 8 mg pegloticase every 2 or 4 weeks or placebo. They found that responders to biweekly pegloticase who maintained a persistently lower\u00a0SU\u00a0level throughout the trial experienced significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic BP that were independent of changes in renal function.","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12727"},{"key":"1100_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.02.061","volume":"110","author":"J Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen J, Mohler ER 3rd, Xie D, Shlipak MG, Townsend RR, Appel LJ, Raj DS, Ojo AO, Schreiber MJ, Strauss LF, et al. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:136\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu239","volume":"53","author":"JMA Wijnands","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wijnands JMA, Boonen A, Dagnelie PC, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van der Kallen CJH, Ferreira I, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJM, Stehouwer CDA, van der Linden S, et al. The cross-sectional association between uric acid and atherosclerosis and the role of low-grade inflammation: the CODAM study. Rheumatology. 2014;53:2053\u201362.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1100_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1317","volume":"286","author":"AT Hirsch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Olin JW, Krook SH, Hunninghake DB, Comerota AJ, Walsh ME, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 2001;286:1317\u201324.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1100_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2010.12.025","volume":"25","author":"D Aerden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aerden D, Massaad D, von Kemp K, van Tussenbroek F, Debing E, Keymeulen B, Van den Brande P. The ankle\u2013brachial index and the diabetic foot: a troublesome marriage. Ann Vasc Surg. 2011;25:770\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.020","volume":"41","author":"L Potier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Potier L, Abi Khalil C, Mohammedi K, Roussel R. Use and utility of ankle brachial index in patients with diabetes. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41:110\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"1100_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2206","volume":"28","author":"DT Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams DT, Harding KG, Price P. An evaluation of the efficacy of methods used in screening for lower-limb arterial disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2206\u201310.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1100_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196980","volume":"60","author":"B Soletsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soletsky B, Feig DI. Uric acid reduction rectifies prehypertension in obese adolescents. Hypertension. 2012;60:1148\u201356.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1100_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.05.010","volume":"32","author":"AJ Robertson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robertson AJ, Struthers AD. A randomized controlled trial of allopurinol in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32:190\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"1100_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.026","volume":"315","author":"\u00c1 Herraiz-Adillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herraiz-Adillo \u00c1, Cavero-Redondo I, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Solera-Mart\u00ednez M. The accuracy of toe brachial index and ankle brachial index in the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2020;315:81\u201392.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:15:25Z","timestamp":1683764125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01100-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"NL, CF, and JP have no competing interests. MHP reports no interests but has received consulting fees from Horizon Therapeutics, Sobi and Fortress Biotech, and investigator-initiated research grants to NYU Grossman School of Medicine from Horizon Therapeutics and Hikma Pharmaceuticals. MT reports no competing interests but has received consulting fees from Horizon Therapeutics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}