{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:54:00Z","timestamp":1793084040558,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH-CTSA","award":["1UL1TR002373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR002373"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T04:02:30Z","timestamp":1700712150000},"page":"24-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Multimorbidity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Literature Review and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Katz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie M.","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","volume":"8","author":"ST Skou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skou ST, Mair FS, Fortin M, Guthrie B, Nunes BP, Miranda JJ, et al. Multimorbidity. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2022;8(1):48.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"issue":"3","key":"1121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/art.509","volume":"46","author":"MF Doran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Doran MF, Pond GR, Crowson CS, O\u2019Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. Trends in incidence and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, over a forty-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(3):625\u201331.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"1121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.05.003","volume":"21","author":"SM Naz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naz SM, Symmons DP. Mortality in established rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21(5):871\u201383.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102776","volume":"20","author":"FA Figus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Figus FA, Piga M, Azzolin I, McConnell R, Iagnocco A. Rheumatoid arthritis: extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(4):102776.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8410182","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8410182","volume":"2018","author":"P Ruscitti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruscitti P, Di Benedetto P, Berardicurti O, Liakouli V, Carubbi F, Cipriani P, et al. Adipocytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: the hidden link between inflammation and cardiometabolic comorbidities. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:8410182.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.09.010","volume":"68","author":"M Yurkovich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yurkovich M, Avina-Zubieta JA, Thomas J, Gorenchtein M, Lacaille D. A systematic review identifies valid comorbidity indices derived from administrative health data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(1):3\u201314.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k1036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1036","volume":"361","author":"BR England","year":"2018","unstructured":"England BR, Thiele GM, Anderson DR, Mikuls TR. Increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms and implications. BMJ. 2018;361:k1036.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105269","volume":"89","author":"EE Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee EE, Shin A, Lee J, Lee JH, Ha YJ, Lee YJ, et al. All-cause and cause-specific mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Korea: a nation-wide population-based study. Joint Bone Spine. 2022;89(1):105269.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.2015.1091730","volume":"15","author":"U Sambamoorthi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sambamoorthi U, Tan X, Deb A. Multiple chronic conditions and healthcare costs among adults. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15(5):823\u201332.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24120","volume":"73","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u2022 Yoshida K, Lin TC, Wei MY, Malspeis S, Chu SH, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Roles of postdiagnosis accumulation of morbidities and lifestyle changes in excess total and cause-specific mortality risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021;73(2):188\u201398. (Multimorbiidty was found to account for a substantial amount of the excess mortality seen in the RA patients.)","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002022","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002022","volume":"8","author":"CS Crowson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crowson CS, Gunderson TM, Dykhoff HJ, Myasoedova E, Atkinson EJ, Kronzer VL, et al. Comprehensive assessment of multimorbidity burden in a population-based cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2022;8(1):e002022.","journal-title":"RMD Open."},{"issue":"3","key":"1121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218282","volume":"80","author":"BR England","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u2022 England BR, Roul P, Yang Y, Sayles H, Yu F, Michaud K, et al. Burden and trajectory of multimorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: a matched cohort study from 2006 to 2015. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(3):286\u201392. (Described how RA patients accumulate chronic conditions at a higher rate than non-RA patients)","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24956","volume":"75","author":"BR England","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 England BR, Yang Y, Roul P, Haas C, Najjar L, Sayles H, et al. Identification of multimorbidity patterns in rheumatoid arthritis through machine learning. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023;75(2):220\u201330. (One of two studies to describe phenotypic patterns of multimorbidity in RA patients, compared commercial and VHA data.)","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200971","volume":"48","author":"TM Gunderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunderson TM, Myasoedova E, Davis JM 3rd, Crowson CS. Multimorbidity burden in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. J Rheumatol. 2021;48(11):1648\u201354.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"1121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5460","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225460","volume":"10","author":"YJ Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang YJ, Chen JS, Luo SF, Kuo CF. Comparison of indexes to measure comorbidity burden and predict all-cause mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(22):5460.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25020","volume":"75","author":"VL Kronzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u2022 Kronzer VL, Dykhoff HJ, Stevens MA, Myasoedova E, Davis JM 3rd, Crowson CS. Racial differences in multimorbidity and comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023;75(1):76\u201384. (Described how RA participants had an increased risk of multimorbidity and substantial multiorbidity compared to non-RA participants and that the odds of multimorbidity vary by race in non-RA patients but are similar across racial groups in RA.)","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263355652211486","DOI":"10.1177\/26335565221148616","volume":"13","author":"P McLoone","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 McLoone P, Jani BD, Siebert S, Morton FR, Canning J, Macdonald S, et al. Classification of long-term condition patterns in rheumatoid arthritis and associations with adverse health events: a UK Biobank cohort study. J Multimorbidity Comorbidity. 2023;13:26335565221148616. (Found signficant phenotypic clusters in RA and reported that RA patients with these clusters had higher rates of adverse outcomes.)","journal-title":"J Multimorbidity Comorbidity"},{"key":"1121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152130","volume":"58","author":"FR Morton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morton FR, Jani BD, Mair FS, McLoone P, Canning J, Macdonald S, et al. Association between risk, duration and cause of hospitalisations in people with rheumatoid arthritis and multimorbidity in the UK Biobank and Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) cohorts: longitudinal observational study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2023;58:152130.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"13","key":"1121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9930","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009930","volume":"97","author":"B Armagan","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Armagan B, Sari A, Erden A, Kilic L, Erdat EC, Kilickap S, et al. Starting of biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs may be postponed in rheumatoid arthritis patients with multimorbidity: single center real life results. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(13):e9930. (Identified how multimorbid RA patients experience longer time to biologic therapy compared to RA patients without multimorbidity.)","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6107217","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6107217","volume":"2019","author":"M Biggioggero","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022 Biggioggero M, Mesina F, Favalli EG. The use of rheumatic disease comorbidity index for predicting clinical response and retention rate in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:6107217. (Described how multimorbidity serves as a predictor of poor outcomes in RA and higher rates of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor failure.)","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab598","volume":"61","author":"AD Busby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Busby AD, Wason J, Pratt AG, Young A, Isaacs JD, Nikiphorou E. Predictors of poor function in RA based on two prospective UK inception cohorts. Do comorbidities matter? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(4):1563\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00247-y","volume":"7","author":"JM Davis 3rd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davis JM 3rd, Myasoedova E, Gunderson TM, Crowson CS. Multimorbidity and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study of a population-based cohort. Rheumatol Ther. 2020;7(4):979\u201391.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180668","volume":"46","author":"A Luque Ramos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luque Ramos A, Redeker I, Hoffmann F, Callhoff J, Zink A, Albrecht K. Comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their association with patient-reported outcomes: results of claims data linked to questionnaire survey. J Rheumatol. 2019;46(6):564\u201371.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33362","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033362","volume":"102","author":"P Ruscitti","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u2022 Ruscitti P, Di Muzio C, Conforti A, Di Cola I, Pavlych V, Navarini L, et al. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity may identify a more severe subset of rheumatoid arthritis, results from a \u201creal-life\u201d study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(14):e33362. (Described a cardiometabolic phenotype of multimorbidity that predicts worse outcomes in RA patients.)","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2018.06.010","volume":"86","author":"A Tournadre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tournadre A, Pereira B, Gossec L, Soubrier M, Dougados M. Impact of comorbidities on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a nurse-led program for comorbidities management (COMEDRA). Joint Bone Spine. 2019;86(1):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"11","key":"1121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e038829","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038829","volume":"10","author":"R McQueenie","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 McQueenie R, Nicholl BI, Jani BD, Canning J, Macdonald S, McCowan C, et al. Patterns of multimorbidity and their effects on adverse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: a study of 5658 UK Biobank participants. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e038829. (Described the adverse outcomes in multimorbid RA patients and the synergistic effects of some comorbidites and RA on all cause mortality)","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"1121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-016-1090-x","volume":"128","author":"H Radner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radner H. Multimorbidity in rheumatic conditions. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016;128(21\u201322):786\u201390.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24986","volume":"75","author":"CEH Barber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barber CEH, Bartels CM. Making sense of multimorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2023;75(2):207\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"1121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235042x1985348","DOI":"10.1177\/2235042X19853484","volume":"9","author":"K L\u00f8ppenthin","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f8ppenthin K, Esbensen BA, \u00d8stergaard M, Ibsen R, Kjellberg J, Jennum P. Morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with an age- and sex-matched control population: a nationwide register study. J Comorbidity. 2019;9:2235042x19853484.","journal-title":"J Comorbidity."},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3638-5","volume":"37","author":"J van den Hoek","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Hoek J, Boshuizen HC, Roorda LD, Tijhuis GJ, Nurmohamed MT, van den Bos GA, et al. Mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 15-year prospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int. 2017;37(4):487\u201393.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209562","volume":"76","author":"D Lacaille","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lacaille D, Avina-Zubieta JA, Sayre EC, Abrahamowicz M. Improvement in 5-year mortality in incident rheumatoid arthritis compared with the general population\u2014closing the mortality gap. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):1057\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204021","volume":"74","author":"J Listing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Listing J, Kekow J, Manger B, Burmester GR, Pattloch D, Zink A, et al. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of disease activity, treatment with glucocorticoids, TNF\u03b1 inhibitors and rituximab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(2):415\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-023-00562-0","volume":"10","author":"KB Almutairi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almutairi KB, Inderjeeth CA, Preen DB, Keen HI, Nossent JC. Mortality trends among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Western Australia. Rheumatol Ther. 2023;10(4):1021\u201337.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"1121_CR34","unstructured":"Bartels CM, Ramly E, Panyard D, Lauver DR, Johnson HM, Lewicki K, et al. BP Connect Toolkit Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www.hipxchange.org\/BPConnectHealth."},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23612","volume":"71","author":"CM Bartels","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bartels CM, Ramly E, Johnson HM, Lauver DR, Panyard DJ, Li Z, et al. Connecting rheumatology patients to primary care for high blood pressure: specialty clinic protocol improves follow-up and population blood pressures. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(4):461\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24589","volume":"74","author":"CM Bartels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bartels CM, Johnson L, Ramly E, Panyard DJ, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, Johnson HM, et al. Impact of a rheumatology clinic protocol on tobacco cessation quit line referrals. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74(9):1421\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1121_CR37","unstructured":"American College of Rheumatology. Guideline for the treatment of interstitial lung disease in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/assets.contentstack.io\/v3\/assets\/bltee37abb6b278ab2c\/bltaedebda97a351d47\/interstitial-lung-disease-guideline-summary-treatment-2023.pdf. Accessed\u00a09\/30\/2023"},{"key":"1121_CR38","unstructured":"Lubell J. Teamwork guides cardio-rheumatology clinics that care for unique patient population. MDedge\/Rheumatology. 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.mdedge.com\/rheumatology\/article\/260726\/business-medicine\/teamwork-guides-cardio-rheumatology-clinics-care. Accessed\u00a09\/30\/2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"1121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.08.010","volume":"94","author":"VL Kronzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kronzer VL, Crowson CS, Sparks JA, Myasoedova E, Davis JM 3rd. Comorbidities as risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis and their accrual after diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(12):2488\u201398.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000014","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000014","volume":"1","author":"K Briot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Briot K, Roux C. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000014.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"1121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S204730","volume":"13","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Lin W, Chen Z, Wang Y, Huang Y, Tu S. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: angel or demon? Drug Des Dev Ther. 2019;13:2111\u201325.","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109927","volume":"386","author":"SR Ytterberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ytterberg SR, Bhatt DL, Mikuls TR, Koch GG, Fleischmann R, Rivas JL, et al. Cardiovascular and cancer risk with tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(4):316\u201326.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1704806114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-023-01121-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Dr. Bartels has received institutional peer-reviewed grant funding from Independent Grants for Learning and Change (Pfizer) for unbranded tobacco cessation work. No other disclosures reported.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}