{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T14:45:01Z","timestamp":1766760301573},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Rheumatol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,2]],"date-time":"2007-06-02T13:52:17Z","timestamp":1180792337000},"page":"242-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gout treatment: What is evidence-based and how do we determine and promote optimized clinical care?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ted R.","family":"Mikuls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G.","family":"Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"46_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20102","volume":"50","author":"T Mikuls","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mikuls T, MacLean C, Oliveri J, et al.: Quality of care indicators for gout management. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:937\u2013943. Report summarizing the development of quality indicators for gout management.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.5.503","volume":"41","author":"C Roberts","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roberts C, Adebajo A, Long S: Improving the quality of care of musculoskeletal conditions in primary care. Rheumatol 2002, 41:503\u2013508.","journal-title":"Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00139.x","volume":"6","author":"M Chin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chin M, Wang L, Jin L, et al.: Appropriateness of medication selection for older persons in an urban academic emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 1999, 6:1232\u20131242.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"46_CR4","first-page":"264","volume":"18","author":"S Wallace","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wallace S, Singer J, Duncan G, et al.: Renal function predicts colchicine toxicity: guidelines for the prophylactic use of colchicine in gout. J Rheumatol 1991, 18:264\u2013269.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR5","first-page":"495","volume":"15","author":"S Wallace","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wallace S, Singer J: Systemic toxicity associated with intravenous administration of colchicine - guidelines for use. J Rheumatol 1988, 15:495\u2013499.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR6","first-page":"495","volume":"15","author":"S Wallace","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wallace S, Singer J: Review: systemic toxicity associated with the intravenous administration of colchicine -guidelines for use. J Rheumatol 1988, 15:495\u2013499.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1762.2000.00353.x","volume":"20","author":"P Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith P, Karlson N, Nair B: Quality use of allopurinol in the elderly. J Qual Clin Pract 2000, 20:42\u201343.","journal-title":"J Qual Clin Pract"},{"key":"46_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2000.tb00857.x","volume":"30","author":"L Stamp","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stamp L, Gow P, Sharples K, Raill B: The optimal use of allopurinol: an audit of allopurinol use in South Auckland. Aust N Z J Med 2000, 30:567\u2013572.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"46_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90743-5","volume":"76","author":"K Hande","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hande K, Noone R, Stone W: Severe allopurinol toxicity: description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J Med 1984, 76:47\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"46_CR10","first-page":"21","volume":"45","author":"J Devlin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devlin J, Bellamy N, Bayliff C: Observations and effects of educational consults on allopurinol prescribing. Can J Hosp Pharm 1992, 45:21\u201327.","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"46_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000906","volume":"30","author":"D Kennedy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kennedy D, Hayney M, Lake K: Azathioprine and allopurinol: the price of an avoidable drug interaction. Ann Pharmacother 1996, 30:951\u2013954.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"46_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00195.x","volume":"228","author":"Raman G Venkat","year":"1990","unstructured":"Venkat Raman G, Sharman V, Lee H: Azathioprine and allopurinol: a potentially dangerous combination. J Intern Med 1990, 228:69\u201371.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"46_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00261-6","volume":"20","author":"R Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris R, Helfand M, Woolf S, et al.: Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med 2001, 20(Suppl):21\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"46_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1987.tb01232.x","volume":"17","author":"M Ahern","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ahern M, Reid C, Gordon T, et al.: Does colchicine work? The results of the first controlled study in gout. Aus N Zealand J Med 1987, 17:301\u2013304. The first ever randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy and tolerability of colchicine in the treatment of acute gout flares.","journal-title":"Aus N Zealand J Med"},{"key":"46_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(54)90337-X","volume":"16","author":"J Davis","year":"1954","unstructured":"Davis J, Bartfeld H: The effect of intravenous colchicine on acute gout. Am J Med 1954, 16:218\u2013219.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"46_CR16","first-page":"410","volume":"9","author":"J Davis","year":"1969","unstructured":"Davis J: Safety and effectiveness of colchicine by intravenous administration in the treatment of gout. J Clin Pharmacol 1969, 9:410\u2013412.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"46_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.63010120002013a","volume":"170","author":"L Carmichael","year":"1959","unstructured":"Carmichael L: Treatment of acute gout with injection of colchicine. JAMA 1959, 170:1410\u20131411.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"46_CR18","first-page":"s812","volume":"50","author":"T Mikuls","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mikuls T, Curtis J, Allison J, et al.: Medication errors with the use of gout related therapies: results from the United States Pharmacopeia MEDMARX surveillance system. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50(Suppl):s812.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR19","first-page":"163","volume":"8","author":"J Calabro","year":"1974","unstructured":"Calabro J, Khoury M, Smyth C: Clinoril in acute gout. Acta Rheum Port 1974, 8:163\u2013166.","journal-title":"Acta Rheum Port"},{"key":"46_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5547.272","volume":"2","author":"B Emmerson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Emmerson B: Regimen of indomethacin therapy in acute gouty arthritis. BMJ 1967, 2:272\u2013274.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"46_CR21","first-page":"560","volume":"194","author":"P Boardman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Boardman P, Hart F: Indomethacin in the treatment of acute gout. Practitioner 1965, 194:560\u2013565.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"46_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280280034020","volume":"239","author":"M Schweitz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schweitz M, Nashel D, Alepa F: Ibuprofen in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. JAMA 1978, 239:34\u201335.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"46_CR23","first-page":"365","volume":"1","author":"G Tausch","year":"1978","unstructured":"Tausch G, Eberl R: Efficacy, tolerance and safety of piroxicam in the treatment of acute gout. Eur J Rheumatol Inflam 1978, 1:365\u2013368.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol Inflam"},{"key":"46_CR24","first-page":"346","volume":"1","author":"P Widmark","year":"1978","unstructured":"Widmark P: Safety and efficacy of piroxicam in the treatment of acute gout. Eur J Rheumatol Inflam 1978, 1:346\u2013348.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol Inflam"},{"key":"46_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057900700605","volume":"7","author":"J Murphy","year":"1979","unstructured":"Murphy J: Piroxicam in the treatment of acute gout: a multicentre open study in general practice. J Intern Med Res 1979, 7:507\u2013510.","journal-title":"J Intern Med Res"},{"key":"46_CR26","first-page":"63","volume":"3","author":"G Karachalios","year":"1985","unstructured":"Karachalios G: Treatment of gouty arthritis with piroxicam. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1985, 3:63\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR27","first-page":"176","volume":"18","author":"G Karachalios","year":"1981","unstructured":"Karachalios G: Ibuprofen (brufen) treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Clin Trial J 1981, 18:176\u2013179.","journal-title":"Clin Trial J"},{"key":"46_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.02930250011004","volume":"149","author":"W Kuzell","year":"1952","unstructured":"Kuzell W, Schaffarzick R, Brown B: Phenylbutazone (butazolidin) in rheumatoid arthritis and gout. JAMA 1952, 149:729\u2013734.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"46_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3109\/03009747309097100","volume":"2","author":"P Cuq","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cuq P: Treatment of acute attacks of gout with naproxen. Scand J Rheumatol 1973, 2(Suppl 2):64\u201368.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058000800504","volume":"8","author":"R Marcolongo","year":"1980","unstructured":"Marcolongo R, Lucchese M, Caruso I, et al.: IV indoprofen for prompt relief of acute gout. J Int Med Res 1980, 8:326\u2013332.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"46_CR31","first-page":"108","volume":"39","author":"M Fletcher","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fletcher M, Wade M: Clinical experience with isoxicam in patients with acute gout. Br J Clin Practice 1985, 39:108\u2013113.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Practice"},{"key":"46_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1975.tb01465.x","volume":"15","author":"R Willkens","year":"1975","unstructured":"Willkens R, Case J, Huix F: The treatment of acute gout with naproxen. J Clin Pharm 1975, 15:363\u2013366.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"46_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780190516","volume":"19","author":"S Wanasukapunt","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wanasukapunt S, Lertratanakul Y, Rubinstein H: Effect of fenoprofen calcium on acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1976, 19:933\u2013935.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR34","first-page":"1422","volume":"15","author":"R Altman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Altman R, Honig S, Levin J, Lightfoot R: Ketoprofen vs. indomethacin in patients with acute gouty arthritis: a multicenter, double blind comparative study. J Rheumatol 1988, 15:1422\u20131426.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR35","first-page":"641","volume":"33","author":"R Eberl","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eberl R, Dunky A: Meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of acute gout. Results of a double-blind study. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1993, 33:641\u2013643.","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"key":"46_CR36","first-page":"409","volume":"37","author":"R Fraser","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fraser R, Howard D, Walker F: Comparative trial of azapropazone and indomethacin plus allopurinol in acute gout and hyperuricemia. J Royal Col Gen Pract 1987, 37:409\u2013411.","journal-title":"J Royal Col Gen Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"46_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/03009747809095668","volume":"21","author":"A Ruotsi","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ruotsi A, Vainio U: Treatment of acute gouty arthritis with proquazone and indomethacin. A comparative, double-blind trial. Scand J Rheumatol 1978, 21(Suppl):15\u201317.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR38","first-page":"351","volume":"32","author":"C Smyth","year":"1973","unstructured":"Smyth C, Percy J: Comparison of indomethacin and phenylbutazone in acute gout. Practitioner 1973, 32:351\u2013353.","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"46_CR39","first-page":"40","volume":"2","author":"R Sturge","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sturge R, Scott J, Hamilton E, et al.: Multicentre trial of naproxen and phenylbutazone in acute gout. Eur J Rheumatol Inflam 1979, 2:40\u201344.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol Inflam"},{"key":"46_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220420","volume":"22","author":"G Weiner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Weiner G, White S, Weitzner R, Rubinstein H: Double-blind study of fenoprofen vs. phenylbutazone in acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1979, 22:425\u2013426.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998009109465","volume":"6","author":"J Reardon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Reardon J, Stockman A, Darlington L, Scott J: Double-blind trial of feprazone and phenylbutazone in acute gout. Curr Med Res Opin 1980, 6:445\u2013448.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"46_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05110.x","volume":"20","author":"R Butler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Butler R, Goddard D, Higgens C, et al.: Double-blind trial of fluriprofen and phenylbutazone in acute gouty arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985, 20:511\u2013513.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"46_CR43","first-page":"275","volume":"10","author":"G Douglas","year":"1970","unstructured":"Douglas G, Thompson M: Comparison of phenylbutazone and flufenamic acid in treatment of acute gout. Ann Phys Med 1970, 10:275\u2013280.","journal-title":"Ann Phys Med"},{"key":"46_CR44","first-page":"111","volume":"68","author":"T Tumrasvin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tumrasvin T, Deesomchok U: Piroxicam in the treatment of acute gout. High dose versus low dose. J Med Ass Thailand 1985, 68:111\u2013116.","journal-title":"J Med Ass Thailand"},{"key":"46_CR45","first-page":"133","volume":"9","author":"E Valdes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Valdes E: Use of tenoxicam in patinets with acute gouty arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflam 1987, 9:133\u2013136.","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol Inflam"},{"key":"46_CR46","first-page":"1325","volume":"21","author":"L Siegel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Siegel L, Alloway J, Nashell D: Comparison of adrenocorticotropic hormone and triamcinolone in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 1994, 21:1325\u20131327.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR47","first-page":"111","volume":"20","author":"J Alloway","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alloway J, Moriarty M, Hoogland Y, Nashel D: Comparison of triamcinolone acetonide with indomethacin in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 1993, 20:111\u2013113.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310618","volume":"33","author":"D Axelrod","year":"1988","unstructured":"Axelrod D, Preston S: Comparison of parenteral adrenocorticotropic hormone with oral indomethacin in the treatment of acute gout. Arthritis Rheum 1988, 33:803\u2013805.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90070-V","volume":"19","author":"G Groff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Groff G, Franck W, Raddatz D: Systemic steroid therapy for acute gout: a clinical trial and review of the literature. Sem Arthritis Rheum 1990, 19:329\u2013336.","journal-title":"Sem Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.34.3.256","volume":"34","author":"I Brewis","year":"1975","unstructured":"Brewis I, Ellis R, Scott J: Single daily dose of allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis 1975, 34:256\u2013259.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03240230017012","volume":"231","author":"G Rodnan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rodnan G, Robin J, Tolchin S, Elion G: Allopurinol and gouty hyperuricemia. Efficacy of a single daily dose. JAMA 1975, 231:1143\u20131145.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"46_CR52","first-page":"400","volume":"16","author":"R Rundles","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rundles R, Elion G, Hitchings G: Allopurinol in the treatment of gout secondary to hyperuricemia. Bull Rheum Dis 1966, 16:400\u2013403.","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080455","volume":"8","author":"J Houpt","year":"1965","unstructured":"Houpt J: Effect of allpurinol in the treatment of gout. Arthritis Rheum 1965, 8:899\u2013904.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-62-4-639","volume":"62","author":"J Klinenberg","year":"1965","unstructured":"Klinenberg J, Goldfinger S, Seegmiller J: The effectiveness of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in the treatment of gout. Ann Intern Med 1965, 62:639\u2013647.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"46_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.25.Suppl_6.627","volume":"25","author":"F Delbarre","year":"1966","unstructured":"Delbarre F, Amor B, Auscher C, de Gery A: Treatment of gout with allopurinol. A study of 106 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 1966, 25:627\u2013633.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR56","first-page":"306","volume":"6","author":"J Wymgaarden","year":"1963","unstructured":"Wymgaarden J, Rundles R, Silberman H, Hunter S: Control of hyperuricemia with hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine, a purine analogue which inhibits uric acid synthesis. Arthritis Rheum 1963, 6:306\u2013307.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR57","first-page":"639","volume":"37","author":"T Yu","year":"1964","unstructured":"Yu T, Gutman A: Effect of allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazole (3,4-d) pyrimidine) on serum and urinary uric acid in primary and secondary gout. Am J Med 1964, 37:639\u2013647.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"46_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080456","volume":"8","author":"T Yu","year":"1965","unstructured":"Yu T: The effect of allopurinol in primary and secondary gout. Arthritis Rheum 1965, 8:905\u2013906.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.26.2.136","volume":"26","author":"J Wilson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Wilson J, Simmonds H, North J: Allopurinol in the treatment of uraemic patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 1967, 26:136\u2013142.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780080457","volume":"8","author":"C Smyth","year":"1965","unstructured":"Smyth C: Studies of allopurinol in patients with tophaceous gout. Arthritis Rheum 1965, 8:907\u2013910.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.23.6.439","volume":"23","author":"A Hall","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hall A, Holloway V, Scott J: 4-hydroxypyazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine (HPP) in the treatment of gout. Preliminary observations. Ann Rheum Dis 1964, 23:439\u2013446.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341203","volume":"34","author":"G McCarthy","year":"1991","unstructured":"McCarthy G, Barthelemy C, Veum J, Wortmann R: Influence of antihyperuricemic therapy on the clinical and radiographic progression of gout. Arthritis Rheum 1991, 34:1489\u20131494.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780190209","volume":"19","author":"L Sorenson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sorenson L, Levinson D: Clinical evaluation of benzbromarone. A new uricosuric drug. Arthritis Rheum 1976, 19:183\u2013190.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040110035008","volume":"175","author":"R Persellin","year":"1961","unstructured":"Persellin R, Schmid F: The use of sulfinpyrazone in the treatment of gout. Reduces uric acid level and deminishes severity of arthritic attacks with freedom from significant toxicity. JAMA 1961, 175:971\u2013975.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"46_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9140-5_46","volume":"122A","author":"R Bluestone","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bluestone R, Klinenberg J, Lee I: Benzbromarone as a longterm uricosuric agent. Adv Exp Med Bio 1980, 122A:283\u2013286.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Bio"},{"key":"46_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1433-3_40","volume":"41","author":"A Gery de","year":"1974","unstructured":"de Gery A, Auscher C, Saporta L, Delbarre F: Treatment of gout and hyperuricemia by benzbromarone ethyl 2 (dibromo-3,5 hydroxy-4 benzoyl)-3 benzofuran. Adv Exp Med Bio 1974, 41:683\u2013689.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Bio"},{"key":"46_CR67","first-page":"305","volume":"3","author":"T Yu","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yu T: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of a new uricosuric agent - benzbromarone. J Rheumatol 1976, 3:305\u2013312.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR68","first-page":"372","volume":"64","author":"J Talbott","year":"1951","unstructured":"Talbott J, Bishop C, Norcross B, Lockie L: The clinical and metabolic effects of benemid in patients with gout. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1951, 64:372\u2013377.","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"46_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9140-5_47","volume":"122A","author":"H Ferber","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ferber H, Bader U, Matzkies F: The action of benzbromarone in relation to age, sex, and accompanying diseases. Adv Exp Med Bio 1980, 122A:287\u2013294.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Bio"},{"key":"46_CR70","first-page":"663","volume":"12","author":"L Gaines","year":"1969","unstructured":"Gaines L, Shulman L: The failure of uricosuric drugs to reduce the attack rate in primary non-tophaceous gout. Arthritis Rheum 1969, 12:663\u2013664.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(57)91541-6","volume":"2","author":"A Gutman","year":"1957","unstructured":"Gutman A, Yu T: Protracted uricosuric therapy in tophaceous gout. Lancet 1957, 2:1258\u20131260.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"46_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.25.Suppl_6.623","volume":"25","author":"J Scott","year":"1966","unstructured":"Scott J: Comparison of allopurinol and probenecid. Ann Rheum Dis 1966, 25:623\u2013626.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.25.Suppl_6.634","volume":"25","author":"W Kuzell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Kuzell W, Seebach L, Glover R, Jackman A: Treatment of gout with allopurinol and sulphinpyrazone in combination and with allopurinol alone. Ann Rheum Dis 1966, 25:634\u2013642.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10511","volume":"47","author":"F Perez-Ruiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Pijoan J, et al.: Effect of uratelowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 47:356\u2013360.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR75","first-page":"2073","volume-title":"Arthritis and Allied Conditions","author":"R Wortmann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wortmann R: Management of hyperuricemia. In Arthritis and Allied Conditions. 13th ed. Vol. 2. Edited by Koopman W. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:2073\u20132083.","edition":"13th ed."},{"key":"46_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.9.545","volume":"57","author":"F Perez-Ruiz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perez-Ruiz F, Alonso-Ruiz A, Calabozo M, et al.: Efficacy of allopurinol and benzbromarone for the control of hyperuricemia. A pathogenic approach to the treatment of chronic gout. Ann Rheum Dis 1998, 57:545\u2013549.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR77","first-page":"908","volume":"22","author":"M Ferraz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ferraz M, O\u2019Brien B: A cost effectiveness analysis of urate lowering drugs in nontophaceous recurrent gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995, 22:908\u2013914.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.33.4.304","volume":"33","author":"W Loebl","year":"1974","unstructured":"Loebl W, Scott J: Withdrawal of allpurinol in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 1974, 33:304\u2013307.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR79","first-page":"1246","volume":"16","author":"P Bull","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bull P, Scott J: Intermittent control of hyperuricemia in the treatment of gout. J Rheumatol 1989, 16:1246\u20131248.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR80","first-page":"1383","volume":"20","author":"M Lieshout-Zuidema van","year":"1993","unstructured":"vanLieshout-Zuidema M, Breedveld F: Withdrawal of longterm antihyperuricemic therapy in tophaceous gout. J Rheumatol 1993, 20:1383\u20131385.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02201004","volume":"6","author":"L Gast","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gast L: Withdrawal of longterm antihyperuricemic therapy in tophaceous gout. Clin Rheumatol 1987, 6:70\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20405","volume":"51","author":"A Shoji","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shoji A, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N: A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 51:321\u2013325. Retrospective cohort study suggesting that the optimal target urate level for urate lowering therapy is = 6.0 mg\/dL.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR83","first-page":"577","volume":"28","author":"J Li-Yu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li-Yu J, Clayburne G, Sieck M, et al.: Treatment of chronic gout. Can we determine when urate stores are depleted enough to prevent attacks of gout? J Rheumatol 2001, 28:577\u2013580.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.5.461","volume":"29","author":"R Grahame","year":"1970","unstructured":"Grahame R, Scott J: Clinical study of 354 patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 1970, 29:461\u2013468.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR85","first-page":"s801","volume":"50","author":"R Wortmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wortmann R, Becker M, Schumacher HJ, et al.: Gout flare prophylaxis during management of chronic gout with febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50(Suppl):s801.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.39.5.529-a","volume":"39","author":"P Hollingworth","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hollingworth P, Reardon J, Scott J: Acute gout during hypuricaemic therapy: prophylaxis with colchicine. Ann Rheum Dis 1980, 39:529.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"46_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170517","volume":"17","author":"H Paulus","year":"1974","unstructured":"Paulus H, Schlosstein LH, Godfrey RG, et al.: Prophylactic colchicine treatment of intercritical gout. A placebocontrolled study of probenecid-treated patients. Arthritis Rheum 1974, 17:609\u2013613.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"46_CR88","first-page":"2429","volume":"31","author":"G Borstad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borstad G, Bryant L, Abel M, et al.: Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:2429\u20132432.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"46_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000069700.62727.C5","volume":"41","author":"R Johnson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnson R, Kang D, Feig D, et al.: Is there a pathogenic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension 2003, 41:1183\u20131190.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"46_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1491","volume":"288","author":"S Kjeldsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kjeldsen S, Dahlof B, Devereux R, et al.: Efffects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA 2002, 288:1491\u20131498.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"46_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00484.x","volume":"65","author":"A Hoieggen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoieggen A, Alderman M, Kjeldsen S, et al.: The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int 2004, 65:1041\u20131049.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"46_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2871","volume":"285","author":"C Kiefe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kiefe C, Allison J, Williams O, Person et al.: Improving quality improvement using achievable benchmarks for physician feedback. JAMA 2001, 285:2871\u20132879.","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Current Rheumatology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T00:50:15Z","timestamp":1559436615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["46"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-996-0046-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3774","1534-6307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3774","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}