{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:29:12Z","timestamp":1782728952347,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Urol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T03:05:14Z","timestamp":1456196714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor W.","family":"Nitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4","volume":"61","author":"P Abrams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abrams P et al. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology. 2003;61(1):37\u201349.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68947-1","volume":"161","author":"VW Nitti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nitti VW, Tu LM, Gitlin J. Diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in women. J Urol. 1999;161(5):1535\u201340.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-012-0267-8","volume":"13","author":"D Hickling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hickling D, Aponte M, Nitti V. Evaluation and management of outlet obstruction in women without anatomical abnormalities on physical exam or cystoscopy. Curr Urol Rep. 2012;13(5):356\u201362.","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"586_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gammie, A. et al. Signs and symptoms of detrusor underactivity: an analysis of clinical presentation and urodynamic tests from a large group of patients undergoing pressure flow studies. Eur Urol, 2015. Important in helping distinguish BOO from detrusor underactivity.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.014"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"586_CR5","first-page":"S14","volume":"7","author":"VW Nitti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nitti VW. Pressure flow urodynamic studies: the gold standard for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. Rev Urol. 2005;7 Suppl 6:S14\u201321.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00634-1","volume":"51","author":"S Chassagne","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chassagne S et al. Proposed cutoff values to define bladder outlet obstruction in women. Urology. 1998;51(3):408\u201311.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"586_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.04.089","volume":"64","author":"GA Defreitas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Defreitas GA et al. Refining diagnosis of anatomic female bladder outlet obstruction: comparison of pressure-flow study parameters in clinically obstructed women with those of normal controls. Urology. 2004;64(4):675\u20139. discussion 679\u201381.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"586_CR8","volume-title":"Campbell-Walsh Urology","author":"VW Nitti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nitti VW. Urodynamic and video-urodynamic evaluation of the lower urinary tract. In: Patrick AJW, Walsh C, editors. Campbell-Walsh Urology. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2000)19:5<553::AID-NAU2>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"19","author":"JG Blaivas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Blaivas JG, Groutz A. Bladder outlet obstruction nomogram for women with lower urinary tract symptomatology. Neurourol Urodyn. 2000;19(5):553\u201364.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.031","volume":"176","author":"TV Akikwala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akikwala TV, Fleischman N, Nitti VW. Comparison of diagnostic criteria for female bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol. 2006;176(5):2093\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.113","volume":"190","author":"MM Aponte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aponte MM et al. Urodynamics for clinically suspected obstruction after anti-incontinence surgery in women. J Urol. 2013;190(2):598\u2013602.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"586_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00037-2","volume":"61","author":"HM Scarpero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scarpero HM et al. American Urological Association Symptom Index for lower urinary tract symptoms in women: correlation with degree of bother and impact on quality of life. Urology. 2003;61(6):1118\u201322.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-006-0008-y","volume":"7","author":"JS Starkman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Starkman JS, Scarpero H, Dmochowski RR. Methods and results of urethrolysis. Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7(5):384\u201394.","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9","volume":"21","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haylen BT et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(1):5\u201326.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1971.tb04937.x","volume":"43","author":"EA Tanagho","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tanagho EA et al. Spastic striated external sphincter and urinary tract infection in girls. Br J Urol. 1971;43(1):69\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","volume":"29","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haylen BT et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00189-7","volume":"52","author":"AJ Combs","year":"1998","unstructured":"Combs AJ et al. Biofeedback therapy for children with dysfunctional voiding. Urology. 1998;52(2):312\u20135.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12601","volume":"22","author":"D Minardi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Minardi D et al. Alpha1-Blockers for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women with dysfunctional voiding: a prospective randomized study. Int J Urol. 2015;22(1):115\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"586_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.03.059","volume":"84","author":"ME Dwyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dwyer ME et al. Sacral neuromodulation for the dysfunctional elimination syndrome: a 10-year single-center experience with 105 consecutive children. Urology. 2014;84(4):911\u20137.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2014.10.006","volume":"11","author":"LA Hoen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoen LA et al. Breaking the vicious circle: Onabotulinum toxin A in children with therapy-refractory dysfunctional voiding. J Pediatr Urol. 2015;11(3):119 e1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"586_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60526-3","volume":"109","author":"F Hinman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hinman F, Baumann FW. Vesical and ureteral damage from voiding dysfunction in boys without neurologic or obstructive disease. J Urol. 1973;109(4):727\u201332.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"39\u201340 Pt 1","key":"586_CR22","first-page":"1918","volume":"30","author":"C Garignon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garignon C et al. Severe bladder dysfunction in the child abuse victim. Hinman syndrome. Presse Med. 2001;30(39\u201340 Pt 1):1918\u201323.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1003","volume":"20","author":"A Groutz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Groutz A et al. Learned voiding dysfunction (non-neurogenic, neurogenic bladder) among adults. Neurourol Urodyn. 2001;20(3):259\u201368.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"586_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45077-4","volume":"136","author":"F Hinman Jr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hinman Jr F. Nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (the Hinman syndrome)\u201415 years later. J Urol. 1986;136(4):769\u201377.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49601-7","volume":"132","author":"AC Diokno","year":"1984","unstructured":"Diokno AC, Hollander JB, Bennett CJ. Bladder neck obstruction in women: a real entity. J Urol. 1984;132(2):294\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.04.011","volume":"80","author":"BM Brucker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brucker BM et al. Urodynamic differences between dysfunctional voiding and primary bladder neck obstruction in women. Urology. 2012;80(1):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2015.2.158","volume":"87","author":"V Galica","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galica V et al. Use of transvaginal ultrasound in females with primary bladder neck obstruction. A preliminary study. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2015;87(2):158\u201360.","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"586_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.1.117","volume":"25","author":"KS Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee KS et al. Efficacy and safety of tamsulosin for the treatment of non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction in females: a 8-week prospective study. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25(1):117\u201322.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"586_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.10.084","volume":"83","author":"P Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang P et al. Bladder neck incision for female bladder neck obstruction: long-term outcomes. Urology. 2014;83(4):762\u20136. Describes technique to relieve obstruction from PBNO.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6661","key":"586_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6661.1436","volume":"297","author":"CJ Fowler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fowler CJ et al. Abnormal electromyographic activity of the urethral sphincter, voiding dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries: a new syndrome? BMJ. 1988;297(6661):1436\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.05930.x","volume":"97","author":"G Amarenco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Amarenco G et al. Evidence of occult dysautonomia in Fowler\u2019s syndrome: alteration of cardiovascular autonomic function tests in female patients presenting with urinary retention. BJU Int. 2006;97(2):288\u201391.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12571","volume":"113","author":"K Peeters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peeters K et al. Long-term follow-up of sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction. BJU Int. 2014;113(5):789\u201394. Useful for the management of functional obstruction.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08819.x","volume":"105","author":"R Kavia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kavia R et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effect of sacral neuromodulation on brain responses in women with Fowler\u2019s syndrome. BJU Int. 2010;105(3):366\u201372.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"586_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.07.038","volume":"64","author":"NI Osman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osman NI, Mangera A, Chapple CR. A systematic review of surgical techniques used in the treatment of female urethral stricture. Eur Urol. 2013;64(6):965\u201373. Review of the different techniques on the management of female urethral strictures.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.042","volume":"188","author":"JG Blaivas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blaivas JG et al. Management of urethral stricture in women. J Urol. 2012;188(5):1778\u201382.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"586_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61957-8","volume":"161","author":"LJ Romanzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Romanzi LJ, Chaikin DC, Blaivas JG. The effect of genital prolapse on voiding. J Urol. 1999;161(2):581\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"41","key":"586_CR37","first-page":"71","volume":"11","author":"A Dongol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dongol A, Joshi KS, K CS. Renal impairment among patients with pelvic organ prolapse in a tertiary care center. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2013;11(41):71\u20134.","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"586_CR38","first-page":"S3","volume":"7","author":"RR Dmochowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dmochowski RR. Bladder outlet obstruction: etiology and evaluation. Rev Urol. 2005;7 Suppl 6:S3\u2013S13.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"586_CR39","first-page":"S3","volume":"6","author":"KM Luber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luber KM. The definition, prevalence, and risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. Rev Urol. 2004;6 Suppl 3:S3\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.02.2369","volume":"183","author":"RR Dmochowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dmochowski RR et al. Update of AUA guideline on the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2010;183(5):1906\u201314.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.07.011","volume":"205","author":"L Brubaker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brubaker L et al. Adverse events over two years after retropubic or transobturator midurethral sling surgery: findings from the Trial of Midurethral Slings (TOMUS) study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(5):498 e1\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"21","key":"586_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070416","volume":"356","author":"ME Albo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Albo ME et al. Burch colposuspension versus fascial sling to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(21):2143\u201355.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"586_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.110","volume":"9","author":"BN Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel BN, Kobashi KC, Staskin D. Iatrogenic obstruction after sling surgery. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9(8):429\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.3.521","volume":"33","author":"L Denson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Denson L, Shobeiri SA. Three-dimensional endovaginal sonography of synthetic implanted materials in the female pelvic floor. J Ultrasound Med. 2014;33(3):521\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"586_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-002-0076-6","volume":"3","author":"HM Scarpero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scarpero HM, Nitti VW. Management of urinary retention and obstruction following surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Curr Urol Rep. 2002;3(5):354\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"586_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2241-5","volume":"24","author":"CK Moore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moore CK, Goldman HB. Simple sling incision for the treatment of iatrogenic bladder outlet obstruction. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(12):2145\u20136. Simple technique for the management of obstruction secondary to sling procedures.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000042452.65641.05","volume":"169","author":"HM Scarpero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scarpero HM, Dmochowski RR, Nitti VW. Repeat urethrolysis after failed urethrolysis for iatrogenic obstruction. J Urol. 2003;169(3):1013\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"586_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.10.051","volume":"179","author":"JS Starkman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Starkman JS et al. The evolution of obstruction induced overactive bladder symptoms following urethrolysis for female bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol. 2008;179(3):1018\u201323.","journal-title":"J Urol"}],"container-title":["Current Urology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T22:09:29Z","timestamp":1654380569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-2737","1534-6285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-2737","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"article-number":"31"}}