{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:34:39Z","timestamp":1761766479523},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Urol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T04:25:59Z","timestamp":1540355159000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Current Clinical Trials in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Timo K.","family":"Nykopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Batista da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Mannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"852_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay J, et al (2013) GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase. No. 11. In: Lyon, Fr Int Agency Res Cancer"},{"key":"852_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et. al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York: Springer; 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40618-3_2"},{"key":"852_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30512-8","volume":"388","author":"AM Kamat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamat AM, Hahn NM, Efstathiou JA, Lerner SP, Malmstr\u00f6m P-U, Choi W, et al. Bladder cancer. Lancet. 2016;388:2796\u2013810.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"852_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.12.031","volume":"49","author":"RJ Sylvester","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden APM, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006;49:466\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.05.033","volume":"60","author":"J Fernandez-Gomez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fernandez-Gomez J, Madero R, Solsona E, Unda M, Martinez-Pi\u00f1eiro L, Ojea A, et al. The EORTC tables overestimate the risk of recurrence and progression in patients with non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin: external validation of the EORTC risk tables. Eur Urol. 2011;60:423\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.05.050","volume":"69","author":"RJ Sylvester","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, Holmang S, Sydes MR, Birtle A, Gudjonsson S, et al. Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing a single immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection with transurethral resection alone in patients with stage pTa-pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: which patients benefit from the instillation? Eur Urol. 2016;69:231\u201344. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.05.050\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.041","volume":"71","author":"M Babjuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Babjuk M, B\u00f6hle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Comp\u00e9rat EM, et al. EAU guidelines on non\u2013muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017;71:447\u201361. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.041\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.16","volume":"14","author":"AM Kamat","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Kamat AM, Colombel M, Sundi D, Lamm D, Boehle A, Brausi M, et al. BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: recommendations from the IBCG. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14:244\u201355 Review of treatment options after BCG failure.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"852_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cambier S, Sylvester RJ, Collette L, Gontero P, Brausi MA, van Andel G, et al. EORTC nomograms and risk groups for predicting recurrence, progression, and disease-specific and overall survival in non\u2013muscle-invasive stage Ta\u2013T1 urothelial bladder cancer patients treated with 1\u20133 years of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin. Eur Urol. 2016;69:60\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.045"},{"key":"852_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2012.04.010","volume":"31","author":"CPN Dinney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dinney CPN, Greenberg RE, Steinberg GD. Intravesical valrubicin in patients with bladder carcinoma in situ and contraindication to or failure after bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2013;31:1635\u201342. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2012.04.010\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig"},{"key":"852_CR11","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) (2018) BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: Developing Drugs and Biologics for Treatment Guidance for Industry. \n                      https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/UCM529600.pdf\n                      \n                    . The latest definition of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC and guidance for clinical trials by FDA."},{"issue":"1","key":"852_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.07.021","volume":"65","author":"Maurizio Brausi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brausi M, Oddens J, Sylvester R, et al. Side effects of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG. Eur Urol. 2014. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.07.021\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"852_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-016-0625-z","volume":"17","author":"R Veeratterapillay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veeratterapillay R, Heer R, Johnson MI, Persad R, Bach C. High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer\u2014therapy options during intravesical BCG shortage. Curr Urol Rep. 2016;17:68. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11934-016-0625-z\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"852_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66226-8","volume":"155","author":"D.A. Tolley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tolley DA, Parmar MK, Grigor KM, et al. The effect of intravesical mitomycin C on recurrence of newly diagnosed superficial bladder cancer: a further report with 7 years of follow up. J Urol. 1996. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66226-8\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"The Journal of Urology"},{"key":"852_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61606-9","volume":"161","author":"E Solsona","year":"1999","unstructured":"Solsona E, Iborra I, Ric\u00f3s JV, Monr\u00f3s JL, Casanova J, Dumont R. Effectiveness of a single immediate mitomycin C instillation in patients with low risk superficial bladder cancer: short and long-term followup. J Urol. 1999;161:1120\u20133. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61606-9\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.038","volume":"73","author":"J Bosschieter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bosschieter J, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, van Ginkel T, Vis AN, Witte B, Newling D, et al. Value of an immediate intravesical instillation of mitomycin C in patients with non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a prospective multicentre randomised study in 2243 patients. Eur Urol. 2017;73:226\u201332. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.038\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36198-0","volume":"149","author":"W Oosterlinck","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oosterlinck W, Kurth KH, Schr\u00f6der F, Bultinck J, Hammond B, Sylvester R. A prospective European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group randomized trial comparing transurethral resection followed by a single intravesical instillation of epirubicin or water in single stage ta, T1 Papillary Carcinom. J Urol. 1993;149:749\u201352.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4657","volume":"319","author":"EM Messing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Messing EM, Tangen CM, Lerner SP, Sahasrabudhe DM, Koppie TM, Wood DP Jr, et al. Effect of intravesical instillation of gemcitabine vs saline immediately following resection of suspected low-grade non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer on tumor recurrence. JAMA. 2018;319:1880\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"852_CR19","first-page":"e14231","volume":"199","author":"H Mostafid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mostafid H, Cresswell J, Griffiths L, Kelly J, Knight A, Catto J, et al. PD66-04 RESULTS OF CALIBER: a phase II randomised feasibility trial of chemoablation versus surgical management in low risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Urol. 2018;199:e14231.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2017.1341490","volume":"13","author":"RM Phillips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips RM, Hendriks HR, Sweeney JB, Reddy G, Peters GJ. Efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of apaziquone in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2017;13:783\u201391. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425255.2017.1341490\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"852_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.02.847","volume":"195","author":"L Karsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karsh L, Shore N, Saltzstein D, Bhat G, Reddy G, Allen LF, et al. PD11-07 integrated results of two multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, phase 3 trials (SPI-611\/612) of single-dose intravesical apaziquone immediately following resection in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2016;195:e290.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.02.2488","volume":"195","author":"F Witjes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Witjes F, Karsh L, Soloway M, Bhat G, Reddy G, Yang A, et al. MP13-07 improved efficacy of adjuvant, single dose intravesical apaziquone by timing post-resection in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2016;195:e136\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.02.061","volume":"66","author":"CA Rentsch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rentsch CA, Birkh\u00e4user FD, Biot C, Gsponer JR, Bisiaux A, Wetterauer C, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy. Eur Urol. 2014;66:677\u201388.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.12.024","volume":"197","author":"JJ Meeks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meeks JJ, Lerner SP, Svatek RS. Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin manufacturing and SWOG S1602 intergroup clinical trial. J Urol. 2017;197:538\u201340.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137ra72","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003586","volume":"4","author":"C Biot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biot C, Rentsch CA, Gsponer JR, Birkhauser FD, Jusforgues-Saklani H, Lemaitre F, et al. Preexisting BCG-specific T cells improve intravesical immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:137ra72.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"852_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P81","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-1426-2-S3-P81","volume":"2","author":"GD Steinberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steinberg GD, Shore N, Karsh L, Bailen J, Woods M, Schoenberg M, et al. A phase I\/II study of vesigenurtacel-l (hs-410) or placebo in combination with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Immunother Cancer. 2014;2:P81.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"852_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.4531","volume":"35","author":"GD Steinberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinberg GD, Shore ND, Karsh LI, Bailen JL, Bivalacqua T, Chamie K, et al. Immune response results from vesigenurtacel-l (HS-410) in combination with BCG from a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:4531.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.10.041","volume":"199","author":"AO Siefker-Radtke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siefker-Radtke AO, Apolo AB, Bivalacqua TJ, Spiess PE, Black PC. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2018;199:1129\u201342.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13904","volume":"515","author":"T Powles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Powles T, Eder JP, Fine GD, Braiteh FS, Loriot Y, Cruz C, et al. MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer. Nature. 2014;515:558\u201362.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"852_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00561-4","volume":"387","author":"JE Rosenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, van der Heijden MS, Balar AV, Necchi A, et al. Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1909\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"852_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30616-2","volume":"18","author":"AV Balar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balar AV, Castellano D, O\u2019Donnell PH, et al. First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:1483\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.10.030","volume":"83","author":"JP Jarow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jarow JP, Lerner SP, Kluetz PG, Liu K, Sridhara R, Bajorin D, et al. Clinical trial design for the development of new therapies for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: report of a Food and Drug Administration and American Urological Association Public Workshop. Urology. 2014;83:262\u20135.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"852_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.1161","volume":"24","author":"JM McKiernan","year":"2006","unstructured":"McKiernan JM, Masson P, Murphy AM, Goetzl M, Olsson CA, Petrylak DP, et al. Phase I trial of intravesical docetaxel in the management of superficial bladder cancer refractory to standard intravesical therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3075\u201380.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.10.068","volume":"189","author":"LJ Barlow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barlow LJ, McKiernan JM, Benson MC. Long-term survival outcomes with intravesical docetaxel for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after previous bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin therapy. J Urol. 2013;189:834\u20139. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.10.068\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-170126","volume":"3","author":"N Milbar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milbar N, Kates M, Chappidi MR, Pederzoli F, Yoshida T, Sankin A, et al. Oncological outcomes of sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Bladder Cancer. 2017;3:293\u2013303.","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"852_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2016.1140232","volume":"32","author":"H Valenberg van","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Valenberg H, Colombo R, Witjes F. Intravesical radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Int J Hyperth. 2016;32:351\u201362. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02656736.2016.1140232\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Int J Hyperth"},{"key":"852_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(17)30721-2","volume":"16","author":"B Ayres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayres B, Sri D, Perry M, Issa R. 5-year outcomes of RITE thermochemotherapy for BCG unresponsive high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol Suppl. 2017;16:e1158.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"issue":"15_suppl","key":"852_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TPS4576","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.TPS4576","volume":"34","author":"Ashish M. Kamat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamat AM, Bellmunt J, Choueiri TK, Nam K, de Santis M, Dreicer R, et al. KEYNOTE-057: phase 2 study of pembrolizumab for patients (pts) with bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:\u2013TPS4576.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"6_suppl","key":"852_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TPS527","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.6_suppl.TPS527","volume":"36","author":"Peter C. Black","year":"2018","unstructured":"Black PC, Catherine T, Lerner SP, McConkey DJ, Lucia MS, Woods M, et al. S1605: phase II trial of atezolizumab in BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:\u2013TPS527.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"852_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1490019","volume":"192","author":"SA Rosenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenberg SA. IL-2: the first effective immunotherapy for human cancer. J Immunol. 2014;192:5451\u20138. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1490019\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"852_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers3043856","volume":"3","author":"S Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee S, Margolin K. Cytokines in cancer immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel). 2011;3:3856\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"852_CR42","unstructured":"Sonpavde G, Rosser CJ, Pan CX, Parikh RA, Nix J, Gingrich JR, Hernandez L, Huang BY, Wong HC. Phase I trial of ALT-801, a first-in-class T-cell receptor (TCR)-interleukin (IL)-2 fusion molecule, plus gemcitabine (G) for Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)-resistant non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:15_suppl, e15509."},{"key":"852_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0093-T","volume":"4","author":"PR Rhode","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rhode PR, Egan JO, Xu W, Hong H, Webb GM, Chen X, et al. Comparison of the superagonist complex, ALT-803, to IL15 as cancer immunotherapeutics in animal models. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4:49\u201360. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0093-T\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"852_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2017.04.015","volume":"14","author":"J Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang J, Schisler J, Wong HC, Rosser CJ, Sterbis J. Intravesical ALT-803 for BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer \u2013 a case report. Urol Case Reports. 2017;14:15\u20137. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eucr.2017.04.015\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Urol Case Reports"},{"issue":"6_suppl","key":"852_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TPS544","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.6_suppl.TPS544","volume":"36","author":"Karim Chamie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chamie K, Salmasi A, Rosser CJ, Rock A, Ferguson L, Wong HC. A multicenter clinical trial of intravesical BCG in combination with ALT-803 in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:\u2013TPS544.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"852_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0126","volume":"14","author":"JL Gulley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gulley JL, Arlen PM, Tsang K-Y, Yokokawa J, Palena C, Poole DJ, et al. Pilot study of vaccination with recombinant CEA-MUC-1-TRICOM poxviral-based vaccines in patients with metastatic carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:3060\u20139. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0126\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"852_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.06.007","volume":"47","author":"M Gengenbacher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gengenbacher M, Nieuwenhuizen N, Kaufmann S. BCG \u2014 old workhorse, new skills. Curr Opin Immunol. 2017;47:8\u201316.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"852_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(18)31563-X","volume":"17","author":"C Rentsch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rentsch C, Bosshard P, Mayor G, Rieken M, P\u00fcschel H, Wirth G, et al. Results of the phase-I open-label clinical trial SAKK 06\/14 assessing safety of intravesical instillation of the recombinant BCG VPM1002BC in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and previous failure to conventional BCG therapy. Eur Urol Suppl. 2018;17:e1050.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"852_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700488","volume":"9","author":"M Yamashita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yamashita M, Rosser CJ, Zhou JH, Zhang XQ, Connor RJ, Engler H, et al. Syn3 provides high levels of intravesical adenoviral-mediated gene transfer for gene therapy of genetically altered urothelium and superficial bladder cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2002;9:687\u201391. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700488\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"852_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700865","volume":"13","author":"Z Tao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tao Z, Connor RJ, Ashoori F, Dinney CPN, Munsell M, Philopena JA, et al. Efficacy of a single intravesical treatment with Ad-IFN\/Syn 3 is dependent on dose and urine IFN concentration obtained: implications for clinical investigation. Cancer Gene Ther. 2005;13:125.","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"852_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.030","volume":"190","author":"CPN Dinney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dinney CPN, Fisher MB, Navai N, O'Donnell MA, Cutler D, Abraham A, et al. Phase I trial of intravesical recombinant adenovirus mediated interferon-\u03b12b formulated in Syn3 for bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin failures in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2013;190:850\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5300-6","volume":"23","author":"N Navai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navai N, Benedict WF, Zhang G, Abraham A, Ainslie N, Shah JB, et al. Phase 1b trial to evaluate tissue response to a second dose of intravesical recombinant adenoviral interferon \u03b12b formulated in Syn3 for failures of bacillus Calmette\u2013Guerin (BCG) therapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23:4110\u20134. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-016-5300-6\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.3064","volume":"35","author":"ND Shore","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Shore ND, Boorjian SA, Canter DJ, et al. Intravesical rAd\u2013IFN\u03b1\/Syn3 for patients with high-grade, bacillus Calmette-Guerin\u2013refractory or relapsed non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a phase II randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3410\u20136 Results of the phase II trial with intravesical rAd-IFN\u03b1\/Syn3 showing promising efficacy for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1059","volume":"12","author":"N Ramesh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ramesh N, Ge Y, Ennist DL, Zhu M, Mina M, Ganesh S, et al. CG0070, a conditionally replicating granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor - armed oncolytic adenovirus for the treatment of bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:305\u201313. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1059\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"852_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.097","volume":"188","author":"JM Burke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burke JM, Lamm DL, Meng MV, Nemunaitis JJ, Stephenson JJ, Arseneau JC, et al. A first in human phase 1 study of CG0070, a GM-CSF expressing oncolytic adenovirus, for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2012;188:2391\u20137. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.097\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.07.005","volume":"36","author":"VT Packiam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Packiam VT, Lamm DL, Barocas DA, Trainer A, Fand B, Davis RL III, et al. An open label, single-arm, phase II multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of CG0070 oncolytic vector regimen in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: interim results. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2017;36:440\u20137. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.07.005\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig"},{"key":"852_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2667","volume":"22","author":"FJ Kohlhapp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kohlhapp FJ, Kaufman HL. Molecular pathways: mechanism of action for talimogene laherparepvec, a new oncolytic virus immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:1048\u201354. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-2667\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"852_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3377","volume":"33","author":"RHI Andtbacka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andtbacka RHI, Kaufman HL, Collichio F, Amatruda T, Senzer N, Chesney J, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec improves durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2780\u20138. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.3377\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR59","first-page":"2837","volume":"9","author":"C Paolo Di","year":"2003","unstructured":"Di Paolo C, Willuda J, Kubetzko S, Lauffer I, Tschudi D, Waibel R, et al. A recombinant immunotoxin derived from a humanized epithelial cell adhesion molecule-specific single-chain antibody fragment has potent and selective antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:2837\u201348.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"852_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.07.020","volume":"188","author":"M Kowalski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kowalski M, Guindon J, Brazas L, Moore C, Entwistle J, Cizeau J, et al. A phase II study of oportuzumab monatox: an immunotoxin therapy for patients with noninvasive urothelial carcinoma in situ previously treated with bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin. J Urol. 2012;188:1712\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.099","volume":"199","author":"R Dickstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickstein R, Wu N, Cowan B, Dunshee C, Franks M, Wolk F, et al. LBA27 phase 3 study of Vicinium in BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: initial results. J Urol. 2018;199:e1167.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"852_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2017-614","volume":"77","author":"RL Dillon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dillon RL, Chooniedass S, Premsukh A, MacDonald G, Cizeau J, Adams GA. Abstract 614: VB4-845 tumor cell killing in a combination study with the anti-PD-1, Nivolumab. Cancer Res. 2017;77:614.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"852_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.05.004","volume":"30","author":"J Hedegaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hedegaard J, Lamy P, Nordentoft I, Algaba F, H\u00f8yer S, Ulh\u00f8i BP, et al. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis of early-stage urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2016;30:27\u201342. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.05.004\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"852_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.007","volume":"171","author":"AG Robertson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robertson AG, Kim J, Al-Ahmadie H, et al. Comprehensive molecular characterization of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cell. 2017;171:540\u2013556.e25.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"852_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0210","volume":"2","author":"V Guagnano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guagnano V, Kauffmann A, W\u00f6hrle S, et al. FGFR genetic alterations predict for sensitivity to NVP-BGJ398, a selective Pan-FGFR inhibitor. Cancer Discov. 2012;2:1118\u201333.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"852_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.2048","volume":"35","author":"L Nogova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nogova L, Sequist LV, Perez Garcia JM, et al. Evaluation of BGJ398, a fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-3 kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring genetic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptors: results of a global phase I, dose-escalation and dose-expansion Stu. J Clin Oncol. 2016;35:157\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0169","volume":"2","author":"CM Seager","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seager CM, Puzio-Kuter AM, Patel T, Jain S, Cordon-Cardo C, Mc Kiernan J, et al. Intravesical delivery of rapamycin suppresses tumorigenesis in a mouse model of progressive bladder cancer. Cancer Prev Res. 2009;2:1008\u201314.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"key":"852_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS4576","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps4576","volume":"33","author":"JM McKiernan","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKiernan JM, Lascano D, Ahn J, Ghandour R, Pak JS, RoyChoudhury A, et al. A phase I\/II multi-center study of intravesical nanoparticle albumin-bound rapamycin (ABI-009) in the treatment of BCG refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:TPS4576.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"852_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.11.034","volume":"85","author":"HD Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel HD, Ball MW, Cohen JE, Kates M, Pierorazio PM, Allaf ME. Morbidity of urological surgical procedures: an analysis of rates, risk factors, and outcomes. Urology. 2015;85:552\u201360.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"852_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0047","volume":"16","author":"J Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson J. New NCCN guidelines: recognition and management of immunotherapy-related toxicity. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2018;16:594\u20136.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"key":"852_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.06.030","volume":"53","author":"S Denzinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Denzinger S, Fritsche H-M, Otto W, Blana A, Wieland W-F, Burger M. Early versus deferred cystectomy for initial high-risk pT1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: do risk factors define feasibility of bladder-sparing approach? Eur Urol. 2008;53:146\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"852_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017913","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017913","volume":"7","author":"JB Oughton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oughton JB, Poad H, Twiddy M, et al. Radical cystectomy (bladder removal) against intravesical BCG immunotherapy for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BRAVO): a protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e017913.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Current Urology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:18:40Z","timestamp":1571876320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11934-018-0852-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-2737","1534-6285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-2737","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Timo K. Nykopp, Jose Batista da Costa, and Miles Mannas each declare no potential conflicts of interest.Peter C. Black reports personal fees from Genentech\/Roche, Merck, Urogen, Sanofi, Janssen, Astellas, Bayer, Pfizer, BMS, AstraZeneca, and Ferring; a grant from IProgen; and research collaboration with GenomeDx.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"101"}}