{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T02:06:26Z","timestamp":1648778786944},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Cardio Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,7]],"date-time":"2007-06-07T06:12:33Z","timestamp":1181196753000},"page":"521-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of mitral regurgitation due to mitral prolapse"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Tischler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"suppl B","key":"45_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/12.suppl_B.2","volume":"12","author":"P Luxereau","year":"1991","unstructured":"Luxereau P, Dorent R, De Gevigney G, et al.: Etiology of surgically treated mitral regurgitation. Eur Heart J 1991, 12(suppl B):2\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"45_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90483-6","volume":"16","author":"A Pearson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pearson A, St Vrain J, Mrosek D, Labovitz A: Color Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of patients with a flail mitral leaflet. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990, 16:232\u2013239.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.33.1.58","volume":"33","author":"W Roberts","year":"1966","unstructured":"Roberts W, Braunwald E, Morrow A: Acute severe mitral regurgitation secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae: clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic considerations. Circulation 1966, 33:58\u201370.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196704272761702","volume":"276","author":"C Sanders","year":"1967","unstructured":"Sanders C, Austen W, Harthorne J, et al.: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae. N Engl J Med 1967, 276:943\u2013949.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"45_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.6.1288","volume":"48","author":"W Baxley","year":"1973","unstructured":"Baxley W, Kennedy J, Feild B, Dodge H: Hemodynamics in ruptured chordae tendinae and chronic rheumatic mitral regurgitation. Circulation 1973, 48:1288\u20131294.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90544-7","volume":"109","author":"J Ren","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ren J, Panidis I, Kotler M, et al.: Flail mitral valve syndrome: comparison with chronic mitral regurgitation of other etiologies. Am Heart J 1985, 109:435\u2013442.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"45_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.16.5.700","volume":"16","author":"M Wilson","year":"1957","unstructured":"Wilson M, Lim W: The natural history of rheumatic heart disease in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life. Prognosis with special reference to survivorship. Circulation 1957, 16:700\u2013712.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(75)90005-3","volume":"35","author":"E Rapaport","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rapaport E: Natural history of aortic and mitral valve disease. Am J Cardiol 1975, 35:221\u2013227.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR9","first-page":"494","volume":"72","author":"D Horstkotte","year":"1983","unstructured":"Horstkotte D, Loogen F, Kleikamp G, et al.: The influence of heart valve replacement on the natural history of isolated mitral, aortic and multivalvular disease. Z Kardiol 1983, 72:494\u2013503.","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"45_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.22.1.39","volume":"23","author":"S Jhaveri","year":"1960","unstructured":"Jhaveri S, Czoniczer G, Reider RB, Massell BF: Relatively benign \u201cpure\u201d mitral regurgitation of rheumatic origin: a study of seventy-four adult patients. Circulation 1960, 23:39\u201348.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199611073351902","volume":"335","author":"LH Ling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al.: Clinical outcome of mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets. N Engl J Med 1996, 335:1417\u20131423. This homogenous cohort of predominantly asymptomatic patients clarifies the natural history of severe MR. Among patients who were even transiently in functional class III or IV, mortality rate was high (34% per year). Surgical correction of MR performed in 143 patients was associated with a longer duration of survival.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"45_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90142-9","volume":"48","author":"HR Phillips","year":"1981","unstructured":"Phillips HR, Levine FH, Carter JE, et al.: Mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation: analysis of clinical course and late postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 1981, 48:647\u2013654.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.830","volume":"90","author":"M Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik A, Schaff H, et al.: Echocardiographic prediction of survival after surgical correction of organic mitral regurgitation. Circulation 1994, 90:830\u2013837. A follow-up of 409 patients operated on for pure organic MR determined that echocardiographically determined EF was themost powerful predictor of long duration of survival, even for patients who had valves repaired. This large study suggested that early surgery should be considered even for patients with severe MR without severe symptoms, in order to preserve left ventricular function.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90151-1","volume":"24","author":"M Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1994","unstructured":"Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Schaff HV, et al.: Echocardiographic prediction of left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation: results and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994, 24:1536\u20131543. The incidence, prognosis, and predictability of left ventricular dysfunction after surgery for 266 patients undergoing correction of mitral regurgitation were examined. Operation decreased left ventricular EF significantly, from 58% to 50%. Left ventricular dysfunction (defined as EF < 50%) after operation was common (occurring for 41% of patients) and was attended by a poor prognosis.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00288-4","volume":"28","author":"HJ Levine","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levine HJ, Gaasch WH: Vasoactive drugs in chronic regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 28:1083\u20131091.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00237-X","volume":"32","author":"Y Otsuji","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otsuji Y, Gilon D, Jiang L, et al.: Restricted diastolic opening of the mitral leaflets in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: evidence for increased valve tethering. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 32:398\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960190811","volume":"19","author":"T Oki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oki T, Fukuda N, Iuchi A, et al.: Possible mechanisms of mitral regurgitation in dilated hearts: a study using transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Cardiol 1996, 19:639\u2013643.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-08027-6_15","volume-title":"Ischemic Mitral Incompetence","author":"LH Cohn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cohn LH: Surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation by repair and replacement. In Ischemic Mitral Incompetence. Edited by Vetter HO et al. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1991:179\u2013186."},{"key":"45_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90877-9","volume":"49","author":"JM Craver","year":"1990","unstructured":"Craver JM, Cohen C, Weintraub WS: Case-matched comparison of mitral valve replacement and repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1990, 49:964\u2013969.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"45_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.4.1022","volume":"91","author":"M Enriquez-Sarano","year":"1995","unstructured":"Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff H, Orszulak T, et al.: Valve repair improves the outcome of surgery for mitral regurgitation. Circulation 1995, 91:1264\u20131265. Results of this study confirm the superiority of repair over replacement of valves for improving clinical outcomes. Although there were significant baseline differences between the 195 patients who had conservative surgery and the 214 whose valves were replaced, multivariate analysis indicated that repair had an independent beneficial effect on overall duration of survival, operative mortality, and EF after operation.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37942-5","volume":"79","author":"A Carpentier","year":"1980","unstructured":"Carpentier A, Chauvaud S, Fabiani JN, et al.: Reconstructive surgery of mitral valve incompetence: ten year appraisal. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980, 79:338\u2013348.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"45_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38752-5","volume":"89","author":"TA Orszulak","year":"1985","unstructured":"Orszulak TA, Schaff HV, Danielson GK, et al.: Mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae: early and late results of valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985, 89:491\u2013498.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"45_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62463-0","volume":"45","author":"LH Cohn","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohn LH, Kowalker W, Bhatia S, et al.: Comparative morbidity of mitral valve repair versus replacement for mitral regurgitation with and without coronary artery disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1988, 45:284\u2013290.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"45_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.132","volume":"89","author":"MD Tischler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tischler MD, Cooper KA, Rowen M, Le Winter MM: Mitral valve replacement versus mitral valve repair. A Doppler and quantitative stress echocardiographic study. Circulation 1994, 89:132\u2013137. Results of this study show that valve repair for chronic isolated MR results in higher rest and exercise EFs, a lower rest and exercise wall stress, and a more ellipsoid left ventricle compared with matched patients undergoing mitral valve replacement.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"45_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62895-0","volume":"26","author":"A Carpentier","year":"1978","unstructured":"Carpentier A, Relland J, Deloche A, et al.: Conservative management of the prolapsed mitral valve. Ann Thorac Surg 1978, 26:294\u2013302.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"suppl B","key":"45_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/12.suppl_B.30","volume":"12","author":"FD Loop","year":"1991","unstructured":"Loop FD, Cosgrove DM, Stewart WJ: Mitral valve repair for mitral insufficiency. Eur Heart J 1991, 12(suppl B):30\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"45_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90840-W","volume":"22","author":"M Starling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Starling M, Kirsch M, Montgomery D, Gross M: Impaired left ventricular contractile function in patients with long-term mitral regurgitation and normal ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 22:239\u2013250.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90261-X","volume":"60","author":"P Kligfield","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kligfield P, Hochreiter C, Niles N, et al.: Relation of sudden death in pure mitral regurgitation, with and without mitral valve prolapse, to repetitive ventricular arrhythmias and right and left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol 1987, 60:397\u2013399.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90970-1","volume":"55","author":"P Kligfield","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kligfield P, Hochreiter C, Kramer H, et al.: Complex arrhythmias in mitral regurgitation with and without mitral valve prolapse: contrast to arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 1985, 55:1545\u20131549.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR30","first-page":"167","volume":"47","author":"JP Delahaye","year":"1992","unstructured":"Delahaye JP, Gare JP, Viguier E, et al.: Preoperative ventricular arrhythmias in mitral regurgitation. French Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease. Acta Cardiol 1992, 47:167\u2013173.","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR31","first-page":"106","volume":"1","author":"KL Peterson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peterson KL: Timing of cardiac surgery in chronic mitral valve disease: implications of natural history studies and left ventricular mechanics. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989, 1:106\u2013117.","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"45_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38395-3","volume":"88","author":"LI Bonchek","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bonchek LI, Olinger GN, Siegal R, et al.: Left ventricular performance after mitral reconstruction for mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984, 88:122\u2013127.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"45_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90061-3","volume":"70","author":"MD Tischler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tischler MD, Cooper KA, Battle RW, Leavitt BJ: Effect of mitral valve repair for mitral valve prolapse on regression of left ventricular mass. Am J Cardiol 1992, 70:1216\u20131217.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8651(18)30304-7","volume":"9","author":"KL Yun","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yun KL, Miller DC: Mitral valve repair versus replacement. Cardiol Clin 1991, 9:315\u2013327.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"45_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(05)80008-9","volume":"9","author":"LH Cohn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cohn LH, Rizzo RJ, Adams DH, et al.: The effects of pathophysiology on the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation: operative and late risk of repair versus replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1995, 9:568\u2013574. Authors of this study differentiate among different forms of MR based on functional and structural criteria.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"45_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00325-7","volume":"82","author":"MD Tischler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tischler MD, Rowan M, Le Winter MM: Effect of enalapril therapy on left ventricular mass and volumes in asymptomatic chronic, severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82:242\u2013245.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"45_CR37","first-page":"197","volume":"3","author":"T Wisenbaugh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wisenbaugh T, Sinovich V, Dullabh A, Sareli P: Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation. J Heart Valve Dis 1994, 3:197\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"45_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00445-1","volume":"80","author":"U Host","year":"1997","unstructured":"Host U, Kelbaek H, Hildebrandt P, et al.: Effect of ramipril on mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol 1997, 80:655\u2013658.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T20:43:00Z","timestamp":1587588180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11936-002-0045-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8464","1534-3189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8464","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}