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J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 36:1698\u20131705.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"33_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198807143190204","volume":"319","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Lamas GA, Vaughan DE, et al.: Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:80\u201386.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271001","volume":"327","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al.: Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:669\u2013677.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.68","volume":"89","author":"M St. John Sutton","year":"1994","unstructured":"St. John Sutton M, Pfeffer MA, Plappert T, et al.: Quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction, the protective effect of captopril. Circulation 1994, 89:68\u201375.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyseryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. GISSI-3 [no authors listed]. Lancet 1994, 343:1115\u20131122.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90232-1"},{"key":"33_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014747","volume":"17","author":"GL Nicolosi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nicolosi GL, Latini R, Marino P, et al.: The prognostic value of predischarge quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements and the effects of early lisinopril treatment on left ventricular structure and function after acute myocardial infarction in the GISSI-3 trial. Eur Heart J 1996, 17:1646\u20131656.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"33_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulfate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. ISIS-4 [no authors listed]. Lancet 1995, 345:669\u2013685.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90865-X"},{"key":"33_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure: results of the treatment trial of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD); a randomized double blind trial. The SOLVD Investigators [no authors listed]. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:293\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501"},{"key":"33_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. The SOLVD [no authors listed]. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:685\u2013691.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271003"},{"key":"33_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2573","volume":"91","author":"B Greenberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greenberg B, Quinones MA, Koilpillai C, et al.: Effects of Long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: Results of the SOLVD echocardiography substudy. Circulation 1995, 91:2573\u20132581.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101","volume":"334","author":"M Packer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al.: The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. New Engl J Med 1996, 334:1349\u20131355.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04560-8","volume":"357","author":"HJ Dargie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dargie HJ: Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001, 357:1385\u20131390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"33_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035653.72855.BF","volume":"106","author":"M Packer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, et al.: Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation 2002, 106:2194\u20132199.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.10.1295","volume":"283","author":"A Hjalmarson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, et al.: Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR\/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA 2000, 283:1295\u20131302.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"33_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.183","volume":"96","author":"S Basu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Basu S, Senior R, Raval U, et al.: Beneficial effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol in acute myocardial infarction: a placebo controlled, randomized trial. Circulation 1997, 96:183\u2013191.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000108928.25690.94","volume":"109","author":"RN Doughty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Walsh HA, et al.: Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: The CAPRICORN echo substudy. Circulation 2004, 109:201\u2013206. Presents data from the echocardiographic substudy of the CAPRICORN trial, in which carvedilol or placebo was administered to patients with an LVEF of \u2266 40% and heart failure, or diabetes without heart failure. Carvedilol treatment reduced LVESV and improved LVEF compared with placebo in association with improved survival.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01006-8","volume":"36","author":"BA Groenning","year":"2000","unstructured":"Groenning BA, Nilsson JC, Sondergaard L, et al.: Antiremodeling effects on the left ventricle during betablockade with metoprolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 36:2072\u20132080. This remodeling substudy of the MERIT HF trial demonstrated that the \u03b2 blocker metoprolol CR\/XL also reduces LV dilatation in patients with NYHA class II to IV heart failure in association with improvements in survival.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"33_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.115584","volume":"141","author":"M Packer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Packer M, Antonopoulos GV, Berlin JA, et al.: Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure: results of a metaanalysis. Am Heart J 2001, 141:899\u2013907.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"33_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13800-7","volume":"362","author":"PA Poole-Wilson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JGF, et al.: Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003, 362:7\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"33_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)01187-2","volume":"349","author":"B Pitt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA, et al.: Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patents over 65 with heart failure. Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study (ELITE). Lancet 1997, 349:747\u2013752.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"33_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2000.105302","volume":"139","author":"MA Konstam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Konstam MA, Patten RD, Thomas I, et al.: Effects of losartan and captopril on left ventricular volumes in elderly patients with heart failure: results of the ELITE ventricular function substudy. Am Heart J 2000, 139:1081\u20131087. One of only a few studies in which the remodeling effects of an ACE inhibitor were directly compared to an AT1 receptor antagonist. Here, both agents demonstrated statistically similar effects on remodeling, although trends favored captopril.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"33_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02213-3","volume":"355","author":"B Pitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, et al.: Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial\u2014the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000, 355:1582\u20131587.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"33_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010713","volume":"345","author":"JN Cohn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cohn JN, Tognoni G: A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1667\u20131675.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02063-6","volume":"40","author":"M Wong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wong M, Staszewsky L, Latini R, et al.: Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure: Val-HeFT echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, 40:970\u2013975. Presented data from the echocardiographic substudy of the Val-HEFT trial, in which the valsartan-induced reduction in LV end diastolic diameter and improvement in LVEF was greatest in those patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors, whereas no effect on remodeling was seen in patients taking both an ACE inhibitor and a \u03b2 blocker.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"33_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","volume":"341","author":"B Pitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al.: The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:709\u2013717.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","volume":"348","author":"B Pitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al.: Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:1309\u20131321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"33_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2700","volume":"102","author":"F Zannad","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zannad F, Alla F, Dousset B, et al.: Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: insights from the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES). Circulation 2000, 102:2700\u20132706.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068340.96506.0F","volume":"107","author":"M Hayashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hayashi M, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, et al.: Immediate administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone prevents post-infarct left ventricular remodeling associated with suppression of a marker of myocardial collagen synthesis in patients with first anterior acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2003, 107:2559\u20132565.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"33_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02855-3","volume":"41","author":"S Kasama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H, et al.: Effect of spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 41:574\u2013581.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"33_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01116-0","volume":"37","author":"T Tsutamoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K, et al.: Effect of spironolactone on plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure. 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