{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:10:04Z","timestamp":1760955004316},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Gastro"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,3]],"date-time":"2007-06-03T19:12:25Z","timestamp":1180897945000},"page":"451-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Alcoholic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Kontorinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas T.","family":"Dieterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03217.x","volume":"18","author":"PS Haber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haber PS, Warner R, Seth D, et al.: Pathogenesis and management of alcoholic hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003, 18: 1322\u20131344. In depth review with attention to pathogenesis of AH.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","volume":"75","author":"WC Maddrey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Maddrey WC, Boitnott JK, Bedine MS, et al.: Corticosteroid therapy for alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1978, 75: 193\u2013199.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.02.010","volume":"40","author":"A Said","year":"2004","unstructured":"Said A, Williams J, Holden J, et al.: Model for end stage liver disease predicts mortality across a broad spectrum of liver disease. J Hepatol 2004, 40: 897\u2013903. Publication demonstrating the utility of the MELD score in AH and other chronic liver disease.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.14.1318","volume":"281","author":"JC Garbutt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garbutt JC, West SL, Carey TS, et al.: Pharmacological treatment of alcoholic dependence: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999, 281: 1318\u20131325.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00476-8","volume":"40","author":"E Mezey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mezey E, Potter JJ, Rennie-Tankersley L, et al.: A randomized trial placebo trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2004, 40: 40\u201346.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(02)00224-0","volume":"27","author":"CJ McClain","year":"2002","unstructured":"McClain CJ, Hill DB, Song Z, et al.: S-Adenosylmethionine, cytokines and alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 2002, 27: 185\u2013192.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0","volume":"6","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lieber CS: New concepts of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2004, 6: 60\u201365. Interesting review with expert viewpoint.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964410","volume":"110","author":"P Mathurin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mathurin P, Duchatelle V, Ramond MJ, et al.: Survival and prognostic factors in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone. Gastroenterology 1996, 110: 1847\u20131853.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-9-685","volume":"110","author":"RL Carithers","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carithers RL, Herlong F, Diehl AM, et al.: Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1989, 110: 685\u2013690.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00289-6","volume":"36","author":"P Mathurin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mathurin P, Mendenhall C, Carithers RL, et al.: Corticosteroids improve short term survival in patients with sever alcoholic hepatitis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled trials. J Hepatol 2002, 36: 480\u2013487. Reanalysis of data from three randomized trials demonstrating improvement with steroids.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.09038","volume":"38","author":"P Mathurin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathurin P, Abdelnour M, Ramond MJ, et al.: Early change in bilirubin levels is an important prognostic factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone. Hepatology 2003, 38: 1363\u20131369. Recent publication showing that early response of bilirubin to steroid predicts responders to therapy. Pertinent with regard to the risk of sepsis in AH patients with steroid therapy, suggesting discontinuation early if there is no biochemical response.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(88)81271-3","volume":"155","author":"R Strieter","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strieter R, Remick D, Ward P, et al.: Cellular and molecular regeneration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by pentoxifylline. Biochem Biophys res Commun 1988, 155: 1230\u20131236.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys res Commun"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011163432007","volume":"343","author":"H Tilg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tilg H, Diehl AM: Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2000, 343: 1467\u20131476.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189","volume":"119","author":"E Akriviadis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, et al.: Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000, 119: 1637\u20131648.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00442-7","volume":"38","author":"H Tilg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tilg H, Jalan R, Kaser A, et al.: Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2003, 38: 419\u2013425.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00230-1","volume":"37","author":"L Spahr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spahr L, Rubbia-Brandt L, Frossard JL, et al.: Combination of steroids with infliximab or placebo in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Hepatol 2002, 37: 448\u2013455. Report demonstrating tolerability of infliximab with steroids in comparison with steroids alone. Small study population.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20206","volume":"39","author":"S Naveau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Naveau S, Chollet-Martin S, Dharancy S, et al.: A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2004, 39: 1390\u20131397. French study suggesting that higher-dose infliximab may increase the incidence of sepsis in AH.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00334-3","volume":"38","author":"R Jalan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jalan R, Sen S, Steiner C, et al.: Extracorporeal liver support with molecular adsorbants recirculating system in patients with sever alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2003, 38: 24\u201331.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00047-8","volume":"36","author":"S Tome","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tome S, Martinez-Rey C, Gonzalez-Quintela A, et al.: Influence of superimposed alcoholic hepatitis on the outcome of liver transplantation for end-stage alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 2002, 36: 793\u2013798.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.35819","volume":"36","author":"R Ortega","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ortega R, Gines P, Uriz, et al.: Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: results of a prospective non-randomized study. Hepatology 2002, 36: 941\u2013948. Small study with impressive improvement in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, a common complication of AH.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"4_CR21","first-page":"CD003045","volume":"1","author":"A Rambaldi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rambaldi A, Iaquinto G, Gluud C: Anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, 1: CD003045.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150115","volume":"15","author":"JC Trinchet","year":"1992","unstructured":"Trinchet JC, Balkan B, Poupon RE: Treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis by infusion of insulin and glucagons: a multicenter sequential trial. Hepatology 4 1992, 15: 76\u201381.","journal-title":"Hepatology 4"},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(88)80005-9","volume":"28","author":"GL Bird","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bird GL, Prach AT, McMahon AD, et al.: Randomized controlled trial double-blind trial of the calciumchannel antagonist amlodipine in the treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1998, 28: 194\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90973-5","volume":"99","author":"EA Akriviadis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Akriviadis EA, Steindel H, Pinto PC, et al.: Failure of colchicine to improve short term survival in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Gasterenterology 1990, 99: 811\u2013818.","journal-title":"Gasterenterology"},{"key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000197590","volume":"11","author":"RH Resnick","year":"1974","unstructured":"Resnick RH, Boitnott I, Iber FL, et al.: Preliminary observation of D-pencillamine therapy in acute alcoholic liver disease. Digestion 1974, 11: 257\u201365.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.210606.x","volume":"21","author":"A Rambaldi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rambaldi A, Guud C: Meta-analysis of propyluracil for alcoholic liver disease-a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group review. Liver 2001, 21: 398\u2013404.","journal-title":"Liver"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T17:51:12Z","timestamp":1587577872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11938-004-0004-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8472","1534-309X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8472","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-309X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}