{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:52:47Z","timestamp":1763016767320},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,7]],"date-time":"2007-06-07T14:11:24Z","timestamp":1181225484000},"page":"125-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Randall D.","family":"Buzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Schneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70348-8","volume":"20","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Peterson BS, Pauls DL, Cohen DJ: Tic disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997, 20:839\u2013861.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edn 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.","edition":"edn 4"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.675","volume":"151","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Walker DE, Goodman WK, et al.: \u201cJust right\u201d perceptions associated with compulsive behavior in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:675\u2013680.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70313-3","volume":"15","author":"RD Bruun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bruun RD, Budman CL: The course and prognosis of Tourette syndrome. Neurol Clin 1997, 15:291\u2013298. An outstanding review of the course and prognosis of Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"14_CR5","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders","author":"KE Towbin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Towbin KE, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF: Tic disorders. In Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by GabbardGO. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press;1995:201\u2013217."},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70312-1","volume":"15","author":"BJ Coffey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coffey BJ, Park KS: Behavioral and emotional aspects of Tourette Syndrome. Neurol Clin North Am 1997, 15:277\u2013289.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199804000-00001","volume":"186","author":"BJ Coffey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coffey BJ, Miguel EC, Biederman J, et al.: Tourette\u2019s disorder with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: are they different? J Nerv Ment Dis 1998, 186:201\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300402","volume":"43","author":"CL Barr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barr CL, Sandor P: Current status of genetic studies of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 1998, 43:351\u2013357.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900000791","volume":"4","author":"NR Swerdlow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Swerdlow NR, Zinner S, Farber RH, et al.: Symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome: a spectrum? CNS Spectrums 1999, 4:21\u201333.","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.131","volume":"56","author":"LH Price","year":"1999","unstructured":"Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Eisen JL: The natural history of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:131\u2013132.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","volume":"155","author":"SE Swedo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, et al.: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:264\u2013271. A classic article by the team that first pursued this possible association and treatments for it.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR12","first-page":"567","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"E Hollander","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hollander E, Simeon D, Gorman JM: Anxiety disorders. In American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry. Edited by Hales RE, Yudofsky SC, Talbott JA. Washington, DC:American Psychiatric Press; 1999:567\u2013633."},{"key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297948","volume":"35","author":"M Riddle","year":"1998","unstructured":"Riddle M: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998, 35:91\u201396.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70349-X","volume":"20","author":"EC Miguel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miguel EC, Rauch SL, Jenike MA: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997, 20:863\u2013883.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.121","volume":"56","author":"G Skoog","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skoog G, Skoog I: A 40-year follow-up of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:121\u2013127.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199808000-00014","volume":"11","author":"MM Robertson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robertson MM, Stern JS: Tic disorders: new developments in Tourette syndrome and related disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 1998, 11:373\u2013380.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.93","volume":"150","author":"MS George","year":"1993","unstructured":"George MS, Trimble MR, Ring HA, et al.: Obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1993, 150:93\u201397.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.2.274","volume":"154","author":"AH Zohar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zohar AH, Pauls DL, Ratzoni G, et al.: Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics in an epidemiological sample of adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154:274\u2013276.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n0903","volume":"59","author":"T Petter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Petter T, Richter MA, Sandor P: Clinical features distinguishing patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder from patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder without tics. J Clin Psychiatry 1998, 59:456\u2013459.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR20","first-page":"246","volume":"56","author":"EC Miguel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Miguel EC, Coffey BJ, Baer L, et al.: Phenomenology of intentional repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1995, 56:246\u2013255.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70326-1","volume":"15","author":"LE Packer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Packer LE: Social and educational resources for patients with Tourette syndrome. Neurol Clin North Am 1997, 15:457\u2013471. A superb description of psychosocial interventions for patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome and their families.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050284","volume":"245","author":"A Arzimanoglou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arzimanoglou A: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. J Neurol 1998, 245:761\u2013765.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900011366","volume":"4","author":"G Erenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Erenberg G: The clinical neurology of Tourette syndrome. CNS Spectrums 1999, 4:36\u201353. An excellent review of treatments for Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70315-7","volume":"15","author":"R Kumar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumar R, Lang AE: Secondary tic disorders. Neurol Clin North Am 1997, 15:309\u2013331.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00010","volume":"34","author":"PB Chappell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chappell PB, Riddle MA, Scahill L, et al.: Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette\u2019s syndrome: preliminary clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995, 34:1140\u20131146.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1057","volume":"154","author":"FR Salle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Salle FR, Nesbitt L, Jackson C, et al.: Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154:1057\u20131062.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"14_CR27","first-page":"24","volume":"57","author":"BS Peterson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peterson BS: Considerations of natural history and pathophysiology in the psychopharmacology of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1996, 57(suppl 9):24\u201334.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR28","first-page":"29","volume":"57","author":"RD Bruun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bruun RD, Budman CL: Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1996, 57:29\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0306","volume":"58","author":"DJ Stein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stein DJ, Bouwer C, Hawkridge S, Emsley RA: Risperidone augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1997, 58:119\u2013122.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.358","volume":"48","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Beach J: Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders. Neurology 1997, 48:358\u2013363.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198809000-00009","volume":"81","author":"DD Truong","year":"1988","unstructured":"Truong DD, Bressman S, Shale H, Fahn S: Clonazepam, haloperidol, and clonidine in tic disorders. South Med J 1988, 81:1103\u20131105.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70323-6","volume":"15","author":"JL Rapoport","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rapoport JL, Inoff-Germain G: Medical and surgical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurol Clin North Am 1997, 15:421\u2013428.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin North Am"},{"key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199808000-00013","volume":"18","author":"BS Peterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Zhang H, Anderson GM, Leckman JF: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of an antiandrogen in the treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998, 18:324\u2013331.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"14_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120320","volume":"12","author":"JF Lipinski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lipinski JF, Sallee FR, Jackson C, Sethuraman G: Dopamine agonist treatment of Tourette disorder in children: results of an open-label trial of pergolide. Mov Disord 1997, 12:402\u2013407.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0407b","volume":"58","author":"NA Shapira","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shapira NA, McConville BJ, Pagnucco ML, et al.: Novel use of tramadol hydrochloride in the treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1997, 58:174\u2013175.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"14_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"Expert Consensus Guideline Series","year":"1997","unstructured":"Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1997, 58(suppl 4):1\u201372. A detailed document outlining the treatment recommendations and preferences of the world\u2019s experts on obsessivecompulsive disorder.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504001003","volume":"40","author":"P Sandor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sandor P: Clinical management of Tourette\u2019s syndrome and associated disorders. Can J Psychiatry 1995, 40:577\u2013583.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950040046006","volume":"51","author":"CJ McDougle","year":"1994","unstructured":"McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, et al.: Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51:302\u2013308. A widely cited study demonstrating that addition of a neuroleptic to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor substantially increases the response of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03926.x","volume":"18","author":"VL Ellingrod","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ellingrod VL: Pharmacotherapy of primary obsessivecompulsive disorder: review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 1998, 18:936\u2013960. A comprehensive review of the literature well worth reading.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"14_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900007409","volume":"5","author":"F Hohagen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hohagen F: Cognitive-behavioral therapy and integrated approaches in the treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder. CNS Spectrums 1999, 5(suppl 3):35\u201340.","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"issue":"suppl 35","key":"14_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297912","volume":"173","author":"JH Greist","year":"1998","unstructured":"Greist JH, Jefferson JW: Pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1998, 173(suppl 35):64\u201370.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR42","first-page":"101","volume":"60","author":"TA Pigott","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pigott TA, Seay SM: A review of the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatry 1999, 60:101\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199001000-00008","volume":"29","author":"MA Riddle","year":"1990","unstructured":"Riddle MA, Hardin MT, King R, et al.: Fluoxetine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette\u2019s and obsessive compulsive disorders: preliminary clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990, 29:45\u201348.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.872","volume":"41","author":"PG Como","year":"1991","unstructured":"Como PG, Kurlan R: An open-label trial of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive disorder in Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Neurology 1991, 41:872\u2013874.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(96)00044-9","volume":"20","author":"V Eapen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eapen V, Trimble MR, Robertson MM: The use of fluoxetine in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive behaviours: preliminary clinical experience. Progr Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996, 20:737\u2013743.","journal-title":"Progr Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1997.7.75","volume":"7","author":"L Scahill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scahill L, Riddle MA, King RA, et al.: Fluoxetine has no marked effect on tic symptoms in patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1997, 7:75\u201385.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"14_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199304000-00009","volume":"16","author":"R Kurlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Como PG, Deeley C, et al.: A pilot controlled study of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 1993, 16:167\u2013172.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199310000-00008","volume":"13","author":"CJ McDougle","year":"1993","unstructured":"McDougle CJ, Goodman WK, Leckman JF, et al.: The efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993, 13:354\u2013358.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"14_CR49","first-page":"281","volume":"65","author":"PG Como","year":"1995","unstructured":"Como PG: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Adv Neurol 1995, 65:281\u2013291.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.6.839","volume":"164","author":"S Fennig","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fennig S, Fennig SN, Pato M, Weitzman A: Emergence of symptoms of Tourette\u2019s syndrome during fluvoxamine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1994, 164:839\u2013841.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1104","volume":"59","author":"RD Bruun","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bruun RD, Budman CL: Paroxetine treatment of episodic rages associated with Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1998, 59:581\u2013584.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.9.836","volume":"56","author":"LA Adler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Adler LA, Rotrosen J, Edson R, et al.: Vitamin E treatment for tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:836\u2013841.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(95)90109-4","volume":"36","author":"SL Rauch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rauch SL, Baer L, Cosgrove GR, Jenike MA: Neurosurgical treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a critical review. Comp Psychiatry 1995, 36:141\u2013156. A comprehensive review of the topic.","journal-title":"Comp Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297936","volume":"173","author":"MA Jenike","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jenike MA: Neurosurgical treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1998, 173:79\u201390. Excellent review of the studies published thus far as well as the indications for and contraindications to neurosurgery for obsessive-compulsive disorder.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297894","volume":"173","author":"I Hand","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hand I: Out-patient, multi-modal behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998, 173:45\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"key":"14_CR56","first-page":"333","volume":"58","author":"L Baer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baer L: Behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania. Implications for Tourette syndrome. Adv Neurol 1992, 58:333\u2013340.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"14_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297900","volume":"173","author":"PM Salkovskis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salkovskis PM, Forrester E, Richards C: Cognitivebehavioural approach to understanding obsessional thinking. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998, 173:53\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"key":"14_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(92)90140-C","volume":"30","author":"AL Peterson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peterson AL, Azrin NH: An evaluation of behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome. Behav Res Ther 1992, 30:167\u2013174.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"14_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(96)00002-X","volume":"27","author":"JE Carr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carr JE, Bailey JS: A brief behavior therapy protocol for Tourette syndrome. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1996, 27:33\u201340.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.3.267b","volume":"173","author":"JM Schwartz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwartz JM: Neuroanatomical aspect of cognitivebehavioral therapy response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998, 173:38\u201344.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"key":"14_CR61","volume-title":"Brain Lock: Free Yourself from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","author":"JM Schwartz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schwartz JM: Brain Lock: Free Yourself from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. New York: Harper Collins; 1996. One of several excellent self-help books for patients."},{"key":"14_CR62","volume-title":"The Boy Who Couldn\u2019t Stop Washing","author":"J Rapoport","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rapoport J: The Boy Who Couldn\u2019t Stop Washing.New York: Penguin Books; 1991. An excellent self-help book for patients."},{"key":"14_CR63","volume-title":"Stop Obsessing!","author":"E Foa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Foa E, Wilson R: Stop Obsessing! New York: Bantam; 1991. An excellent self-help book for patients."},{"key":"14_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.9.842","volume":"56","author":"T Spencer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spencer T, Biederman J, Coffey B, et al.: The 4-year course of tic disorders in boys with attention-deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:842\u2013847.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.330","volume":"56","author":"KD Gadow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gadow KD, Sverd J, Sprafkin J, et al.: Long-term methylphenidate therapy in children with comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and chronic multiple tic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:330\u2013336. A well-constructed study of 34 prepubertal children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and chronic multiple tic disorder who had participated in an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of methylphenidate. These children were subsequently followed on an unblinded basis for 2 additional years. No evidence of change in motor or vocal tics was found by either nonblinded or blinded raters, but the behavioral benefits of the methylphenidate were preserved.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"14_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290001138X","volume":"4","author":"JT Walkup","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walkup JT: The psychiatry of Tourette syndrome. CNS Spectrums 1999, 4:54\u201361.","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T22:33:31Z","timestamp":1707950011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-000-0014-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8480","1534-3138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8480","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}}}