{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:09:57Z","timestamp":1777990197465,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]],"date-time":"2011-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T04:33:11Z","timestamp":1300336391000},"page":"290-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gulsen","family":"Akman-Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabahattin","family":"Saip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aksel","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"120_CR1","first-page":"1078","volume":"335","author":"International Study Group for Behcet\u2019s Disease","year":"1990","unstructured":"International Study Group for Behcet\u2019s Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet\u2019s disease. Lancet 1990;335:1078\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Disease mechanisms. In: Yaz\u0131c\u0131 Y, Yaz\u0131c\u0131 H, editors. Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome. Springer; 2010. p. 243\u201364. This chapter is a very comprehensive and updated review on pathogenic disease mechanisms, summarizing all the views and related findings in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5641-5_14"},{"key":"120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010053622894","volume":"4","author":"A Gul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gul A. Behcet\u2019s disease as an autoinflammatory disorder. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005;4:81\u20133.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy"},{"key":"120_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910213411707","volume":"341","author":"T Sakane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakane T, Takeno M, Suzuki N, Inaba G. Behcet\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1284\u201391.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demirkesen C, \u00d6z B, G\u00f6ksel S. Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: pathology. In: Yaz\u0131c\u0131 Y, Yaz\u0131c\u0131 H, editors. Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome. Springer; 2010. p. 215\u201341. This chapter presents an extensive review of the pathology of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease in general, with special emphasis on neuropathologic changes.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5641-5_13"},{"key":"120_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05160.x","volume":"45","author":"S Saip","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saip S, Siva A, Altintas A, et al. Headache in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Headache 2005;45:911\u20139.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"120_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01017.x","volume":"26","author":"E Aykutlu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aykutlu E, Baykan B, Akman-Demir G, Topcular B, Ertas M. Headache in Behcet\u2019s disease. Cephalalgia 2006;26:180\u20136.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520390031011","volume":"46","author":"P Serdaroglu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Serdaroglu P, Yazici H, Ozdemir C, et al. Neurologic involvement in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. A prospective study. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:265\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200301000-00006","volume":"82","author":"E Kural-Seyahi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kural-Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N, et al. The long term mortality and morbidity of Behcet syndrome: a 2-decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated center. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003;82:60\u201376.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"120_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2171","volume":"122","author":"G Akman-Demir","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasci B. Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behcet\u2019s disease: evaluation of 200 patients. Brain 1999;122:2171\u201381.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"120_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170242","volume":"248","author":"A Siva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siva A, Kantarci OH, Saip S, et al. Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: diagnostic & prognostic aspects of neurological involvement. J Neurol. 2001;248:95\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70015-8","volume":"8","author":"A Al-Araji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Araji A, Kidd DP. Neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:192\u2013204.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0145-6","volume":"256","author":"A Siva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siva A, Saip S. The spectrum of nervous system involvement in Behcet\u2019s syndrome and its differential diagnosis. J Neurol. 2009;256:513\u201329.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR14","first-page":"1015","volume":"20","author":"N Kocer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kocer N, Islak C, Siva A, et al. CNS involvement in neuro-Behcet\u2019s syndrome: an MR study. Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1015\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"120_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1102-1","volume":"45","author":"G Akman-Demir","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akman-Demir G, Bahar S, Coban O, Tasci B, Serdaroglu P. Cranial MRI in Behcet\u2019s disease: 134 examinations of 98 patients. Neuroradiology 2003;45:851\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"120_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050742","volume":"41","author":"O Coban","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coban O, Bahar S, Akman-Demir G, et al. Masked assessment of MRI findings: is it possible to differentiate neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease from other central nervous system diseases? Neuroradiology 1999;41:255\u201360.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01754.x","volume":"14","author":"N Yesilot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yesilot N, Mutlu M, Gungor O, et al. Clinical characteristics and course of spinal cord involvement in Behcet\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:729\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.614","volume":"42","author":"B Wechsler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wechsler B, Vidailhet M, Bousser MG, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in Behcet\u2019s disease: long term follow up of 25 cases. Neurology 1992;42:614\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5088-4","volume":"256","author":"N Yesilot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yesilot N, Bahar S, Yilmazer S, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis in Behcet\u2019s disease compared to those associated with other etiologies. J Neurol. 2009;256:1134\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 50","key":"120_CR20","first-page":"S43","volume":"26","author":"M K\u00fcrt\u00fcnc\u00fc","year":"2008","unstructured":"K\u00fcrt\u00fcnc\u00fc M, Tuzun E, Pehlivan M, et al. Clinical patterns and treatment effect on neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease: analysis of 351 patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26 Suppl 50:S43.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-000-0042-x","volume":"2","author":"A Siva","year":"2000","unstructured":"Siva A, Fresko I. Behcet\u2019s disease. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2000;2:435\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.080432","volume":"67","author":"G Hatemi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hatemi G, Silman A, Bang D, et al. EULAR Expert Committee. EULAR recommendations for the management of Behcet\u2019s disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1656\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.087957","volume":"68","author":"G Hatemi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hatemi G, Silman A, Bang D, et al. Management of Behcet\u2019s disease: a systematic literature review for the European League Against Rheumatism evidence-based recommendations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1528\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002013220501","volume":"322","author":"H Yazici","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yazici H, Pazarli H, Barnes CG, et al. A controlled trial of azathioprine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:281\u20135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400425","volume":"40","author":"V Hamuryudan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamuryudan V, Ozyazgan Y, Hizli N, et al. Azathioprine in Behcet\u2019s syndrome: effects on long term prognosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:769\u20134.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"120_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.10.005","volume":"110","author":"A Borhani Haghighi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borhani Haghighi A, Safari A. Anti-tumor necrotic factor antibody for treatment of neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease, a case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110:315\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"120_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.05.002","volume":"272","author":"H Kikuchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kikuchi H, Aramaki K, Hirohata S. Effect of infliximab in progressive neuro-Behcet\u2019s syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2008;272:99\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 60","key":"120_CR28","first-page":"S119","volume":"28","author":"A Araji Al","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al Araji A, Siva A, Saip S, et al. Treatment of neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease with infliximab. An international multicentre case series of 18 patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28 Suppl 60:S119.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90753-8","volume":"76","author":"JD O\u2019Duffy","year":"1984","unstructured":"O\u2019Duffy JD, Robertson DM, Goldstein NP. Chlorambucil in the treatment in the treatment of uveitis and meningoencephalitis of Behcet\u2019s disease. Am J Med. 1984;76:75\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"120_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00165-8","volume":"159","author":"S Hirohata","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hirohata S, Suda H, Hashimoto T. Low dose weekly methotrexate for progressive neuropsychiatric manifestations in Behcet\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1998;159:181\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"120_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-48382-3_117","volume":"528","author":"H Kikuchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kikuchi H, Aramaki K, Hirohata S. Low dose methotrexate for progressive neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease. A follow up study for 4\u00a0years. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;528:575\u20138.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"120_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90120-3","volume":"106","author":"S Kotake","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotake S, Higashi K, Yoshikawa K, et al. Central nervous system symptoms in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease receiving cyclosporine therapy. Ophthalmology 1999;106:586\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"120_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-0070-8","volume":"25","author":"I Kotter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kotter I, Gunaydin I, Batra M, et al. CNS involvement occurs more frequently in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease under cyclosporine A than under other medications. Results of a retrospective analysis of 117 cases. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:482\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR34","first-page":"S84","volume":"26","author":"G Akman-Demir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akman-Demir G, Ayranci O, Kurtuncu M, et al. Cyclosporine for Behcet\u2019s uveitis: is it associated with an increased risk of neurological involvement? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26:S84\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.018515","volume":"63","author":"R Tunc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tunc R, Saip S, Siva A, Yazici H. Cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with major vessel disease in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1693\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"120_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90166-2","volume":"61","author":"JD O\u2019Duffy","year":"1976","unstructured":"O\u2019Duffy JD, Goldstein NP. Neurologic involvement in seven patients with Behcet\u2019s disease. Am J Med. 1976;61:170\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"120_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1997.38.6.401","volume":"38","author":"D Bang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bang D. Treatment of Behcet\u2019s disease. Yonsei Med J. 1997;38:401\u201310.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"120_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei165","volume":"45","author":"C Mat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mat C, Yurdakul S, Uysal S, et al. A double blind trial of depot corticosteroids in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Rheumatology 2006;45:348\u201352.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"120_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00697.x","volume":"93","author":"S Kiziltas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kiziltas S, Imeryuz N, Gurcan T, et al. Corticosteroid therapy augments gastroduodenal permeability to sucrose. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:2420\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"120_CR40","first-page":"399","volume":"65","author":"E Aktulga","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aktulga E, Altac M, Muftuoglu A, et al. A double blind study of colchicine in Behcet\u2019s disease. Haematologica 1980;65:399\u2013402.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"120_CR41","first-page":"S356","volume":"41","author":"S Yurdakul","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yurdakul S, Mat C, Ozyazgan Y, et al. A double blind study of colchicines in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(Suppl):S356.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"120_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1607","volume":"46","author":"C Confavreux","year":"1996","unstructured":"Confavreux C, Saddier P, Grimaud J, et al. Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case control study. Neurology 1996;46:1607\u201312.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"120_CR43","first-page":"136","volume":"20","author":"D Ben Ezra","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ben Ezra D, Cohen E, Chajeck T, et al. Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporin A in Behcet\u2019s syndrome. Transplant Proc. 1988;20 Suppl 4:136\u201343.","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"120_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.4.241","volume":"4","author":"Y Ozyazgan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ozyazgan Y, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, et al. Low dose cyclosporin A versus pulsed cyclophosphamide in Behcet\u2019s syndrome: a single masked trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;4:241\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8647","key":"120_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92381-7","volume":"1","author":"K Masuda","year":"1989","unstructured":"Masuda K, Nakajima A, Urayama A, et al. Double masked trial of cyclosporine versus colchicines and long term open study of cyclosporine in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. Lancet 1989;1(8647):1093\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"120_CR46","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Behcet\u2019s disease: basic and clinical aspects","author":"SH Assad-Khalil","year":"1991","unstructured":"Assad-Khalil SH. Low dose cyclosporine in Behcet\u2019s disease: follow up controlled study with emphasis on extraocular manifestations and neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease. In: O\u2019Duffy JD, Kokmen E, editors. Behcet\u2019s disease: basic and clinical aspects. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1991. p. 603\u201312."},{"key":"120_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.3.7645483","volume":"165","author":"RB Schwartz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwartz RB, Bravo SM, Klufas RA, et al. Cyclosporine neurotoxicity and its relation to hypertensive neuropathy: CT and MR findings in 16 cases. Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:627\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"120_CR48","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Behcet\u2019s disease: basic and clinical aspects","author":"O Fain","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fain O, Huong Du LT, Wechsler B, et al. Pulse cyclophosphamide in Behcet\u2019s disease. In: O\u2019Duffy JD, Kokmen E, editors. Behcet\u2019s disease: basic and clinical aspects. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1991. p. 569\u201373."},{"key":"120_CR49","first-page":"1938","volume":"25","author":"JD O\u2019Duffy","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Duffy JD, Calamia K, Cohen S, et al. Interferon alfa treatment of Behcet\u2019s disease. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1938\u201344.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR50","first-page":"1010","volume":"134","author":"CC Zoboulis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zoboulis CC, Orfanos CE. Treatment of Adamantiades-Behcet\u2019s disease with systemic interferon alfa. J Rheumatol. 1998;134:1010\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.5.488","volume":"82","author":"I Kotter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kotter I, Eckstein AK, Stubiger N, Zierhut M. Treatment of ocular symptoms of Behcet\u2019s disease with interferon alfa-2a: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:488\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"120_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0137-x","volume":"244","author":"I Tugal Tutkun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tugal Tutkun I, Guney-Tefekli E, Urgancioglu M. Results of interferon alfa therapy in patients with Behcet uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006;244:742\u20136.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"120_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0944-1","volume":"24","author":"M Calguneri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Calguneri M, Onat AM, Ozturk MA, et al. Transverse myelitis in a patient with Behcet\u2019s disease: favorable outcome with a combination of interferon-alpha. Clin Rheumatol. 2005;24:64\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"120_CR54","first-page":"I\/165","volume":"249","author":"A Kiyat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kiyat A, Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Eraksoy M. Behcet\u2019s disease: MS-like manifestation. 12th meeting of European neurological society, Berlin 2002. J Neurol. 2002;249 Suppl 1:I\/165.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"120_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00004","volume":"128","author":"V Hamuryudan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamuryudan V, Mat C, Saip S, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of the mucocutaneous lesions of the Behcet\u2019s syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:443\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"120_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1159\/000289205","volume":"11","author":"PP Sfikakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sfikakis PP. The first decade of biologic TNF antagonists in clinical practice: lessons learned, unresolved issues and future directions. Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2010;11:180\u2013210.","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"120_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii51","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_2.ii51","volume":"61","author":"PP Sfikakis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sfikakis PP. Behcet\u2019s disease: a new target for anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61 Suppl 2:ii51\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"120_CR58","first-page":"1362","volume":"31","author":"S Ohno","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohno S, Nakamura S, Hori S, Shimakawa M, Kawashima H, Mochizuki M, et al. Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple administration of infliximab in Behcet\u2019s disease with refractory uveoretinitis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1362\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21231","volume":"52","author":"I Tugal Tutkun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tugal Tutkun I, Mudun A, Urgancioglu M, et al. Efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of uveitis that is resistant to treatment with the combination of azathioprine, cyclosporine and corticosteroids in Behcet\u2019s disease. An open label trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2478\u201384.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"120_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20924","volume":"37","author":"J-P Stugen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stugen J-P. Tumor necrosis factor antagonists and neuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2008;37:281\u201392.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"120_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2005.01373.x","volume":"49","author":"E Yekeler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yekeler E, Tunaci A, Tunaci M, et al. Successful medical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms with Behcet\u2019s disease: imaging findings. Australas Radiol. 2005;49:182\u20134.","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"120_CR62","first-page":"162","volume":"6","author":"E Robenshtok","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robenshtok E, Krause I. Arterial involvement in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease\u2014the search for new treatment strategies. Isr Med Assoc J. 2004;6(3):162\u20133.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"120_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.09.020","volume":"39","author":"A Sayed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sayed A, Elwan H, Fouad F, et al. Behcet extracranial carotid aneurysms: is there still a role for ligation? Eur Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2010;39:17\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"120_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.03.028","volume":"52","author":"X Berard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berard X, Corpataux JM, Taoufiq H, et al. Don\u2019t trust a vein graft to treat carotid aneurysm in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52:471\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"120_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-0952-x","volume":"45","author":"O Kizilkilic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kizilkilic O, Albayram S, Adaletli I, et al. Endovascular treatment of Behcet\u2019s disease-associated intracranial aneurysms: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neuroradiology 2003;45:328\u20134.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"120_CR66","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of neurological disorders","author":"A Siva","year":"2000","unstructured":"Siva A, Altintas A. Neuro-Behcet syndrome. In: Said G, editor. Intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of neurological disorders. London: Martin Dunitz Publishers; 2000. p. 115\u201326."},{"key":"120_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.5.350","volume":"53","author":"T Igarashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Igarashi T, Ishigatsubo Y, Ohno S, et al. Central nervous system toxicity related to FK 506 in patients with Behcet\u2019s disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53:350\u20131.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"120_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705372","volume":"37","author":"AM Marmont","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marmont AM, Gualandi F, Piaggio G, et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for refractory Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease with severe CNS involvement. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006;37:1061\u20133.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"120_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200702000110","volume":"20","author":"A Cata De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Cata A, Intiso D, Bernal M, et al. Prolonged remission of neuro-Behcet\u2019s disease following autologous transplantation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007;20:91\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"120_CR70","unstructured":"Hamuryudan V, K\u00f6tter I. Medical management of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome. In: Yaz\u0131c\u0131 Y, Yaz\u0131c\u0131 H, editors. Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome; Springer; 2010. p. 317\u201338. This chapter presents a comprehensive and updated review of all treatments used for each systemic manifestation of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease and the current management issues."},{"issue":"Suppl 60","key":"120_CR71","first-page":"S111","volume":"28","author":"I Tugal Tutkun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tugal Tutkun I, SHIELD Study Group. AIN 457, a fully human monoclonal anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, for the adjunctive treatment of posterior segment uveitis secondary to Behcet\u2019s disease: the SHIELD study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28 Suppl 60:S111.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 60","key":"120_CR72","first-page":"S130","volume":"28","author":"A Gul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gul A, Artim-Esen B, Solinger A, Giustino L, Tugal-Tutkun I. Safe, rapid onset and sustained biological activity of IL-1beta regulating antibody XOMA 052 in resistant uveitis of Behcet\u2019s disease: preliminary results of a pilot trial. 2010 abstract. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28 Suppl 60:S130.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"120_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1474-7766.2002.00105.x","volume":"2","author":"G Akman-Demir","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P. Neuro-Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Pract Neurol. 2002;2:340\u201357.","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T09:02:20Z","timestamp":1560070940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-011-0120-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8480","1534-3138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8480","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,18]]}}}