{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:23:46Z","timestamp":1781699026710,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]],"date-time":"2013-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T11:54:18Z","timestamp":1373630058000},"page":"618-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Management of CNS-related Disease Manifestations in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Darcy A.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"249_CR1","first-page":"390","volume":"1","author":"D-M Bourneville","year":"1881","unstructured":"Bourneville D-M. Enc\u00e9phalite ou scl\u00e9rose tub\u00e9reuse des circonvolutions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales. Enc\u00e9phalite ou scl\u00e9rose tub\u00e9reuse des circonvolutions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales [Encephalitis or tuberous sclerosis of the cerebral convolutions]. Archives de Neurologie, Paris. 1881;1:390\u2013412.","journal-title":"Archives de Neurologie, Paris"},{"key":"249_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"F Recklinghausen Von","year":"1862","unstructured":"Von Recklinghausen F. Ein Herz von einem Nuegeborene welches mehrere theils nachaussen, theils nachden H\u00f6hlein prominirende Tumoren (Myomen) trug. Ein Herz von einem Nuegeborene welches mehrere theils nachaussen, theils nachden H\u00f6hlein prominirende Tumoren (Myomen) trug [A heart of a newborn with partial external and internal prominent tumors (fibroids)]. Monatschr Gebursheklkd. 1862;20:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Monatschr Gebursheklkd"},{"key":"249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60292-9","volume":"352","author":"F O'Callaghan","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Callaghan F, Shiell A, Osborne J, Martyn C. Prevalence of tuberous sclerosis estimated by capture-recapture analysis. Lancet. 1998;352:318\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90618-Z","volume":"75","author":"European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium","year":"1993","unstructured":"European Chromosome 16 Tuberous Sclerosis Consortium. Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16. Cell. 1993;75:1305\u201315.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.805","volume":"277","author":"M Slegtenhorst van","year":"1997","unstructured":"van Slegtenhorst M, deHoogt R, Hermans C, Henske E, Short M, et al. Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34. Science. 1997;277:805\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.02.053","volume":"15","author":"X Long","year":"2005","unstructured":"Long X, Lin Y, Ortiz-Vega S, Yonezawa K, Avruch J. Rheb binds and regulates the mTOR kinase. Curr Biol. 2005;15:702\u201313.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61134-9","volume":"381","author":"D Franz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franz D, Belousova E, Sparagana S, Bebin E, Frost M, et al. Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associate702-71d with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012;381:125\u201332. This article provides definitive evidence of the benefit of everolimus for the treatment of SEGA in a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled design. All of the patients in the treatment group demonstrated some degree of benefit, whereas tumor progression was only observed in the placebo group. Class I evidence.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20784","volume":"59","author":"DN Franz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franz DN, Leonard J, Tudor C, Chuck G, Care M, et al. Rapamycin Causes Regression of Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:490\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182815428","volume":"80","author":"D Krueger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krueger D, Care M, Agricola K, Tudor C, Mays M, et al. Everolimus long-term safety and efficacy in subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. Neurology. 2012;80:574\u201380. This article provides most up to date evidence of long-term safety and efficacy of everolimus for medical management of SEGA. Treatment continues to be well-tolerated and prevents tumor progression median treatment duration of 34.2 months. Class III evidence.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001671","volume":"363","author":"DA Krueger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, Agricola K, Tudor C, et al. Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1801\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bissler JJ, Kingswood JC, Radzikowska E, Zonnenberg BA, Frost M, et al. Everolimus for angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;[Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61767-X"},{"key":"249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063564","volume":"358","author":"JJ Bissler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bissler JJ, McCormack FX, Young LR, Elwing JM, Chuck G, et al. Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:140\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"249_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabora SL, Franz DN, Ashwal S, Sagalowsky A, DiMario Jr FJ, et al. Multicenter phase 2 trial of sirolimus for tuberous sclerosis: Kidney angiomyolipomas and other tumors regress and VEGF- D levels decrease. PLoS ONE. 2011;6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023379"},{"key":"249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0445","volume":"17","author":"DM Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies DM, De Vries PJ, Johnson SR, McCartney DL, Cox JA, et al. Sirolimus therapy for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis and sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase 2 trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:4071\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100391","volume":"364","author":"F McCormack","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCormack F, Inoue Y, Moss J, Singer L, Strange C, et al. Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1595\u2013606.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00837.x","volume":"53","author":"R Foster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Foster R, Bint L, Halbert A. Topical 0.1% rapamycin for angiofibromas in paediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis: a pilot study of four patients. Australas J Dermatol. 2012;53:52\u20136.","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.125","volume":"146","author":"A Haemel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haemel A, O'Brian A, Teng J. Topical rapamycin: a novel approach to facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146:715\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2165\/11634580-000000000-00000","volume":"12","author":"M Koenig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koenig M, Hebert A, Roberson J, Samueals J, Slopis J, et al. Topical rapamycin therapy to alleviate the cutaneous manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical applied rapamycin. Drugs R&D. 2012;12:121\u20136.","journal-title":"Drugs R&D"},{"key":"249_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10476.x","volume":"165","author":"M Mutizwa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mutizwa M, Berk D, Anadkat M. Treatment of facial angiofibromas with topical application of oral rapamycin solution (1mgmL(\u22121) ) in two patients with tuberous sclerosis. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:922\u20133.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"249_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3476","volume":"130","author":"H Demir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demir H, Ekici F, Yazal Erdem A, Emir S, Tun\u00e7 B. Everolimus: a challenging drug in the treatment of multifocal inoperable cardiac rhabdomyoma. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e243\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"249_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1335","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2910","volume":"127","author":"D Tiberio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tiberio D, Franz D, Phillips J. Regression of a cardiac rhabdomyoma in a patient receiving everolimus. Pediatrics. 2011;127:e1335\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"249_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krueger D, Wilfong A, Holland-Bouley K, Anderson A, Agricola K, et al. Everolimus treatment of refractory epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol. 2013. doi: 10.1002\/ana.23960 .","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23960"},{"key":"249_CR23","unstructured":"Adams R, Victor M. Principles of neurology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985. p. 1186."},{"key":"249_CR24","first-page":"865","volume-title":"Child Neurology","author":"J Menkes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Menkes J, Maria B. Neurocutaneous syndromes. In: Menkes J, Sarnat H, editors. Child Neurology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. p. 865\u201372.","edition":"6"},{"key":"249_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.16750211","volume":"25","author":"J Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou J, Shrikhande G, Xu J, McKay R, Burns D, et al. Tsc1 mutant neural stem\/progenitor cells exhibit migration deficits and give rise to subependymal lesions in the lateral ventricle. Genes Dev. 2011;25:1595\u2013600.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"249_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp025","volume":"18","author":"S Way","year":"2009","unstructured":"Way S, McKenna III J, Mietzsch U, Reith R, Wu H, et al. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Hum Mol Gen. 2009;18:1252\u201365.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Gen"},{"key":"249_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195122107.003.0008","volume-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex","author":"B Carlson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carlson B, Houser O, Gomez M. Brain imaging in the tuberous sclerosis complex. In: Gomez M, Sampson J, Whittemore V, editors. Tuberous sclerosis complex. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999. p. 85\u2013100.","edition":"3"},{"key":"249_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801301206","volume":"13","author":"ES Roach","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roach ES, Gomez MR, Northrup H. Tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference: revised clinical diagnostic criteria. J Child Neurol. 1998;13:624\u20138.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(98)00022-9","volume":"20","author":"Y Inoue","year":"1998","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Nemoto Y, Murata R, Tashiro T, Shakudo M, et al. CT and MR imaging of cerebral tuberous sclerosis. Brain Dev. 1998;20:209\u201321.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"249_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W304","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2928","volume":"190","author":"BN Kalantari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalantari BN, Salamon N. Neuroimaging of tuberous sclerosis: spectrum of pathologic findings and frontiers in imaging. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190:W304\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"249_CR31","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex: genes, clinical features, and therapeutics","author":"P Crino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crino P, Mehta R, Vinters H. Pathogenesis of TSC in the brain. In: Kwiatkowsi D, Whittemore V, Thiele E, editors. Tuberous sclerosis complex: genes, clinical features, and therapeutics. Weinheim: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 285\u2013309."},{"key":"249_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010664311717","volume":"52","author":"SK Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim SK, Wang KC, Cho BK, Jung HW, Lee YJ, et al. Biological behavior and tumorigenesis of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. J Neuro-Oncol. 2001;52:217\u201325.","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"249_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02567.x","volume":"16","author":"ME Adriaensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adriaensen ME, Schaefer-Prokop CM, Stijnen T, Duyndam DA, Zonnenberg BA, et al. Prevalence of subependymal giant cell tumors in patients with tuberous sclerosis and a review of the literature. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16:691\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0681-x","volume":"24","author":"JH Phi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phi JH, Park SH, Chae JH, Hong KH, Park SS, et al. Congenital subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: clinical considerations and expression of radial glial cell markers in giant cells. Child Nerv Syst. 2008;24:1499\u2013503.","journal-title":"Child Nerv Syst"},{"key":"249_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.08.009","volume":"36","author":"GP Raju","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raju GP, Urion DK, Sahin M. Neonatal Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: new case and review of literature. Pediatr Neurol. 2007;36:128\u201331.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37787.x","volume":"615","author":"CW Shepherd","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shepherd CW, Scheithauer B, Gomez MR. Brain tumors in tuberous sclerosis. A clinicopathologic study of the Mayo Clinic experience. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;615:378\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"249_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00934.x","volume":"29","author":"A Buccoliero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buccoliero A, Franchi A, Castiglione F, Gheri C, Mussa F, et al. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA): is it an astrocytoma? Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Neuropathology. 2009;29:25\u201330.","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"249_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0700-2","volume":"19","author":"V Cuccia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cuccia V, Zuccaro G, Sosa F, Monges J, Lubienieky F, et al. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in children with tuberous sclerosis. Child Nerv Syst. 2003;19:232\u201343.","journal-title":"Child Nerv Syst"},{"key":"249_CR39","unstructured":"The International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group. \u201cRecommendations for surveillance and management in tuberous sclerosis complex: 2012 update of the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference.\u201d Presented at the 2013 International Research Conference on Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Related Disorders, Washington, DC, June 20\u201323, 2014."},{"key":"249_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190090801","volume":"19","author":"EA Thiele","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thiele EA. Managing epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child Neurol. 2004;19:680\u20136.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.03.010","volume":"15","author":"S J\u00f3\u017awiak","year":"2011","unstructured":"J\u00f3\u017awiak S, Kotulska K, Doma\u0144ska-Pakie\u0142a D, \u0141ojszczyk B, Syczewska M, et al. Antiepileptic treatment before the onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex. Eur J Paediat Neurol. 2011;15:424\u201331. This paradigm shifting article introduces a prospective, preventative approach towards seizure control rather than the traditional reactionary approach of waiting until after the onset of clinical seizures in infants with TSC. As a result, those infants treated prospectively demonstrated improved long-term seizure control and developmental progress. Class III evidence.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediat Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/ejpn.2001.0538","volume":"6","author":"P Curatolo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Curatolo P, Verdecchia M, Bombardieri R. Tuberous sclerosis complex: a review of neurological aspects. Eur J Paediat Neurol. 2002;6:15\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediat Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527630073.ch12","volume-title":"Tuberous Sclerosis Complex","author":"P Vries de","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Vries P. Neurodevelopmental, Psychiatric and Cognitive Aspects of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. In: Kwiatkowsi DJ, Whittemore VH, Thiele EA, editors. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Weinheim: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 229\u201368."},{"key":"249_CR44","unstructured":"Leclezio L, de Vries P. The Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Associated Neuropsychiatrif Disorders (TAND) Checklist- Pilot validation of a new screening tool for neurophsyciatric manifestations of TSC. Washington, DC.2013."},{"key":"249_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0443-1","volume":"14","author":"P Vries De","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Vries P, Humphrey A, McCartney D, Prather P, Bolton P, et al. Consensus clinical guidelines for the assessment of cognitive and behavioral problems in Tuberous Sclerosis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 2005;14:183\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"key":"249_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415031000084427","volume":"6","author":"CE Stafstrom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stafstrom CE, Bough KJ. The Ketogenic Diet for the Treatment of Epilepsy: a challenge for nutritional neuroscientists. Nutr Neurosci. 2003;6:67\u201379.","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"249_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00266.x","volume":"46","author":"E Kossoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kossoff E, Thiele E, Pfeifer H, McGrogan J, Freeman J. Tuberous sclerosis complex and the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia. 2005;46:1684\u20136.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2006.03.001","volume":"10","author":"G Coppola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coppola G, Klepper J, Ammendola E, Fiorillo M, Corte R, et al. The effects of the ketogenic diet in refractory partial seizures with reference to tuberous sclerosis. Eur J Paediat Neurol. 2006;10:148\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Paediat Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larson AM, Pfeifer HH, Thiele EA. Low glycemic index treatment for epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsy Res. 2012;99(1\u20132):180\u20132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.10.021"},{"key":"249_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agricola K, Tudor C, Krueger D, Franz D. Nursing implications for the lifelong management of tuberous sclerosis complex. J Neurosci Nurs. 2013(in press).","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3182986146"},{"key":"249_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5422","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0955-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"L Meikle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meikle L, Pollizzi K, Egnor A, Kramvis I, Lane H, et al. Response of a neuronal model of tuberous sclerosis to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors: effects on mTORC1 and Akt signaling lead to improved survival and function. J Neurosci. 2008;28:5422\u201332.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"249_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5546","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5540-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"L Meikle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meikle L, Talos D, Onda H, Pollizzi K, Rotenberg A, et al. A mouse model of tuberous sclerosis: neuronal loss of Tsc1 causes dysplastic and ectopic neurons, reduced myelination, seizure activity, and limited survival. J Neurosci. 2007;27:5546\u201358.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"249_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808324535","volume":"24","author":"J Muncy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muncy J, Butler IJ, Koenig M. Rapamycin reduces seizure frequency in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child Neurol. 2009;24:477.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0066-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"L Zeng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zeng L, Rensing N, Wong M. The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway mediates epileptogenesis in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2009;29:6964\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"249_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21331","volume":"63","author":"LH Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng LH, Xu L, Gutmann DH, Wong M. Rapamycin prevents epilepsy in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Neurol. 2008;63:444\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.02981.x","volume":"52","author":"S McDaniel","year":"2011","unstructured":"McDaniel S, Rensing N, Thio L, Yamada K, Wong M. The ketogenic diet inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Epilepsia. 2011;52:e7\u201311.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1788","volume":"14","author":"D Ehninger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ehninger D, Han S, Shilyansky C, Zhou Y, Li W, et al. Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+\/\u2212 mouse model of tuberous sclerosis. Nat Med. 2008;14:843\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"249_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.10.002","volume":"17","author":"D Ehninger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehninger D, Silva AJ. Rapamycin for treating Tuberous sclerosis and Autism spectrum disorders. Trends Mol Med. 2011;17:78\u201387.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"249_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e2cf","volume":"78","author":"C Go","year":"2012","unstructured":"Go C, Mackay M, Weiss S, Stephens D, Addams-Webber T, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: medical treatment of infantile spasms. Neurology. 2012;78:1974\u201380.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"249_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01589.x","volume":"49","author":"SE Camposano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Camposano SE, Major P, Halpern E, Thiele EA. Vigabatrin in the treatment of childhood epilepsy: a retrospective chart review of efficacy and safety profile. Epilepsia. 2008;49:1186\u201391.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.11.020","volume":"46","author":"H Greiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greiner H, Lynch E, Fordyce S, Agricola K, Tudor C, et al. Vigabatrin for childhood partial-onset epilepsies. Pediat Neurol. 2012;46:83\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediat Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00422.x","volume":"47","author":"P Kinirons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kinirons P, Cavalleri G, O'Rourke D, Doherty C, Reid I, et al. Vigabatrin retinopathy in an Irish cohort: lack of correlation with dose. Epilepsia. 2006;47:311\u20137.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21526","volume":"65","author":"F Jammoul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jammoul F, Wang Q, Nabbout R, Coriat C, Duboc A, et al. Taurine deficiency is a cause of vigabatrin-induced retinal phototoxicity. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:98\u2013107.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210011201","volume":"21","author":"J Collins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Collins J, Tudor C, Leonard J, Chuck G, Franz D. Levetiracetam as adjunctive antiepileptic therapy for patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: a retrospective open-label trial. J Child Neurol. 2006;21:53\u20137.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR65","first-page":"679","volume":"16","author":"D Franz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franz D, Leonard J, Tudor C, Chuck G, Egelhoff J. Levetiracetam therapy of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis. J Child Neurol. 2001;16:679.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR66","unstructured":"Franz D, Leonard J, Tudor C, Chuck G, Egelhoff J. Oxcarbazepine therapy of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis. J Child Neurol. 2001;16:680."},{"key":"249_CR67","first-page":"87","volume":"41","author":"D Franz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Franz D, Tudor C, Leonard J. Topiramate as therapy for tuberous sclerosis complex-associated seizures. Epilepsia. 2000;41:87.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042007935.x","volume":"42","author":"D Franz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franz D, Tudor C, Leonard J, Egelhoff J, Byars A, et al. Lamotrigine therapy of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2001;42:935\u201340.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042007935.x","volume":"42","author":"DN Franz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franz DN, Tudor C, Leonard J, Egelhoff JC, Byars A, et al. Lamotrigine therapy of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2001;42:935\u201340.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR70","first-page":"263","volume":"23","author":"T Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung T, Lynch E, Fiser C, Nelson D, Agricola K, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and treatment response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Clin Psychiatr. 2011;23:263\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"249_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200810050-00004","volume":"10","author":"DA Krueger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krueger DA, Franz DN. Current management of tuberous sclerosis complex. Pediatr Drugs. 2008;10:299\u2013313.","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"249_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20049","volume":"26","author":"J Jozwiak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jozwiak J, Jozwiak S, Oldak M. Molecular activity of sirolimus and its possible application in tuberous sclerosis treatment. Med Res Rev. 2006;26:160\u201380.","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"249_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2006.11.008","volume":"4","author":"J Wheless","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheless J, Ramsay R, Collins S. Vigabatrin. Neurotherapeutics. 2007;4:163\u201372.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"249_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-010-0025-2","volume":"6","author":"M Berhouma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berhouma M. Management of subependymal giant cell tumors in tuberous sclerosis complex: the neurosurgeon's perspective. World J Pediatr. 2010;6:103\u201310.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"249_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249216.19591.5D","volume":"60","author":"S Ribaupierre de","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Ribaupierre S, Dorfm\u00fcller G, Bulteau C, Fohlen M, Pinard J, et al. Subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in pediatric tuberous sclerosis disease: when should we operate? Neurosurgery. 2007;60:83\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"249_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1406-0","volume":"27","author":"R Moavero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moavero R, Pinci M, Bombardieri R, Curatolo P. The management of subependymal giant cell tumors in tuberous sclerosis: a clinician's perspective. Child Nervous Syst. 2011;27:1203\u201310.","journal-title":"Child Nervous Syst"},{"key":"249_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.658907","volume":"28","author":"P Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun P, Kohrman M, Liu J, Guo A, Rogerio J, et al. Outcomes of resecting subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) among patients with SEGA-related tuberous sclerosis complex: a national claims database analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28:657\u201363.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"249_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812449904","volume":"28","author":"D Franz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franz D, Agricola KD, Tudor C, Krueger D. Everolimus for tumor recurrence after surgical resection for subependymal giant cell astrocytoma assocaited with tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child Neurol. 2012;28:602\u20137.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0130-7","volume":"22","author":"MB Connolly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Connolly MB, Hendson G, Steinbok P. Tuberous sclerosis complex: a review of the management of epilepsy with emphasis on surgical aspects. Child Nerv Syst. 2006;22:896\u2013908.","journal-title":"Child Nerv Syst"},{"key":"249_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00327.x","volume":"41","author":"S Koh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koh S, Jayakar P, Dunoyer C, Whiting SE, Resnick TJ, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: presurgical evaluation and outcome. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1206\u201313.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"249_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190090901","volume":"19","author":"HL Weiner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weiner HL, Ferraris N, LaJoie J, Miles D, Devinsky O. Epilepsy surgery for children with tuberous sclerosis complex. J Child Neurol. 2004;19:687\u20139.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"249_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.08.018","volume":"16","author":"RE Elliott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elliott RE, Carlson C, Kalhorn SP, Moshel YA, Weiner HL, et al. Refractory epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis: vagus nerve stimulation with or without subsequent resective surgery. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;16:454\u201360.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T13:16:47Z","timestamp":1715692607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-013-0249-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8480","1534-3138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8480","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]]}}}