{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:42:17Z","timestamp":1777588937613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T02:31:24Z","timestamp":1462156284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pathophysiology and Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinsonian Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"In Sinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-011-0119-5","volume":"21","author":"R Freeman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2011;21(2):69\u201372. This consensus statement provides an up-to-date evidence-based approach to neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283279860","volume":"27","author":"A Fedorowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fedorowski A, Burri P, Melander O. Orthostatic hypotension in genetically related hypertensive and normotensive individuals. J Hypertens. 2009;27(5):976\u201382.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.805887","volume":"119","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldstein DS, Sharabi Y. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a pathophysiological approach. Circulation. 2009;119(1):139\u201346.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"410_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S53983","volume":"10","author":"SH Isaacson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Isaacson SH, Skettini J. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson\u2019s disease: evaluation, management, and emerging role of droxidopa. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014;10:169\u201376.","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12592","volume":"62","author":"J Frewen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frewen J, Savva GM, Boyle G, et al. Cognitive performance in orthostatic hypotension: findings from a nationally representative sample. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(1):117\u201322.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"410_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0599-0","volume":"15","author":"KE McDonell","year":"2015","unstructured":"McDonell KE, Shibao CA, Claassen DO. Clinical relevance of orthostatic hypotension in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(12):78.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"410_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.19.6.508","volume":"19","author":"GH Rutan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rutan GH, Hermanson B, Bild DE, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in older adults. The cardiovascular health study. CHS collaborative research group. Hypertension. 1992;19(6 Pt 1):508\u201319.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"10","key":"410_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001732","volume":"18","author":"C Shin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shin C, Abbott RD, Lee H, et al. Prevalence and correlates of orthostatic hypotension in middle-aged men and women in Korea: the Korean Health and Genome Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18(10):717\u201323.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"410_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-007-1001-3","volume":"18","author":"PA Low","year":"2008","unstructured":"Low PA. Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 2008;18 Suppl 1:8\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26079","volume":"30","author":"JA Palma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palma JA, Gomez-Esteban JC, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson disease: how much you fall or how low you go? Mov Disord. 2015;30(5):639\u201345. This recent article shows prevalence of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension in parkinson disease and identifies a hemodynamic target to guide treatment.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"410_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-73","volume":"13","author":"R Romero-Ortuno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Romero-Ortuno R, O\u2019Connell MD, Finucane C, et al. Insights into the clinical management of the syndrome of supine hypertension\u2013orthostatic hypotension (SH-OH): the irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). BMC Geriatr. 2013;13:73.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-005-0227-1","volume":"15","author":"CH Gibbons","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Orthostatic dyspnea: a neglected symptom of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 2005;15(1):40\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"410_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp074189","volume":"358","author":"R Freeman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freeman R. Clinical practice. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(6):615\u201324.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"410_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412449932","volume":"32","author":"RK Khurana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khurana RK. Coat-hanger ache in orthostatic hypotension. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(10):731\u20137.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.161844","volume":"57","author":"H Yatsuya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yatsuya H, Folsom AR, Alonso A, Gottesman RF, Rose KM, Investigators AS. Postural changes in blood pressure and incidence of ischemic stroke subtypes: the ARIC study. Hypertension. 2011;57(2):167\u201373.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"410_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-015-0275-0","volume":"25","author":"V Milazzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Milazzo V, Di Stefano C, Milan A, et al. Cardiovascular complications in patients with autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res. 2015;25(3):133\u201340. This review article provides evidences for cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular damages in patients with autonomic failure.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"410_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13596","volume":"63","author":"T Hayakawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayakawa T, McGarrigle CA, Coen RF, et al. Orthostatic blood pressure behavior in people with mild cognitive impairment predicts conversion to dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(9):1868\u201373.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22457","volume":"24","author":"M Matinolli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matinolli M, Korpelainen JT, Korpelainen R, et al. Orthostatic hypotension, balance and falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2009;24(5):745\u201351.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.003","volume":"20","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakamura T, Hirayama M, Hara T, et al. Role of cardiac sympathetic nerves in preventing orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(4):409\u201314.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"410_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.06.047","volume":"310","author":"Y Sharabi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharabi Y, Goldstein DS. Mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci. 2011;310(1-2):123\u20138. This review article explaines mechanisms and relations between orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. It also provides treatment recommendations for both conditions.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223828.28215.0b","volume":"67","author":"CH Gibbons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Delayed orthostatic hypotension: a frequent cause of orthostatic intolerance. Neurology. 2006;67(1):28\u201332.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"16","key":"410_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002030","volume":"85","author":"CH Gibbons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Clinical implications of delayed orthostatic hypotension: a 10-year follow-up study. Neurology. 2015;85(16):1362\u20137. This long-term follow-up study shows clinical importance of delayed orthostatic hypotension as an early sign of autonomic failure.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0940347","volume":"94","author":"W Wieling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wieling W, Van Lieshout JJ, Ten Harkel AD. Dynamics of circulatory adjustments to head-up tilt and tilt-back in healthy and sympathetically denervated subjects. Clin Sci (Lond). 1998;94(4):347\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"410_CR24","first-page":"1775","volume":"46","author":"DN Tipre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tipre DN, Goldstein DS. Cardiac and extracardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with orthostatic hypotension and in pure autonomic failure. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(11):1775\u201381.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-4-199502150-00009","volume":"122","author":"RW Jansen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jansen RW, Lipsitz LA. Postprandial hypotension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122(4):286\u201395.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"410_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.01.011","volume":"15","author":"LG Trahair","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trahair LG, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Postprandial hypotension: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15(6):394\u2013409.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"410_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.8.726","volume":"54","author":"CJ Mathias","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mathias CJ, Holly E, Armstrong E, et al. The influence of food on postural hypotension in three groups with chronic autonomic failure\u2014clinical and therapeutic implications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991;54(8):726\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR28","first-page":"321","volume":"53","author":"CS Wilcox","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wilcox CS, Aminoff MJ, Slater JD. Sodium homeostasis in patients with autonomic failure. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1977;53(4):321\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318065c03b","volume":"334","author":"I Biaggioni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biaggioni I. The sympathetic nervous system and blood volume regulation: lessons from autonomic failure patients. Am J Med Sci. 2007;334(1):61\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291232","volume":"6","author":"S Puvi-Rajasingham","year":"1996","unstructured":"Puvi-Rajasingham S, Mathias CJ. Effect of meal size on post-prandial blood pressure and on postural hypotension in primary autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res. 1996;6(2):111\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"410_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.88","volume":"10","author":"EE Benarroch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benarroch EE. The clinical approach to autonomic failure in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(7):396\u2013407. This review article provides clinical aproach and general treatment guidelines to autonomic failure.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-003-0117-3","volume":"13","author":"AS Zion","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zion AS, De Meersman R, Diamond BE, et al. A home-based resistance-training program using elastic bands for elderly patients with orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 2003;13(4):286\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR33","first-page":"251","volume":"88","author":"GD Smith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith GD, Mathias CJ. Postural hypotension enhanced by exercise in patients with chronic autonomic failure. QJM. 1995;88(4):251\u20136.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.02.006","volume":"20","author":"DA Low","year":"2014","unstructured":"Low DA, Vichayanrat E, Iodice V, et al. Exercise hemodynamics in Parkinson\u2019s disease and autonomic dysfunction. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(5):549\u201353.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"410_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.10.012","volume":"96","author":"JJ Figueroa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Figueroa JJ, Singer W, Sandroni P, et al. Effects of patient-controlled abdominal compression on standing systolic blood pressure in adults with orthostatic hypotension. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(3):505\u201310.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9172","key":"410_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02132-7","volume":"354","author":"R Henry","year":"1999","unstructured":"Henry R, Rowe J, O\u2019Mahony D. Haemodynamic analysis of efficacy of compression hosiery in elderly fallers with orthostatic hypotension. Lancet. 1999;354(9172):45\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"410_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.052","volume":"48","author":"C Podoleanu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Podoleanu C, Maggi R, Brignole M, et al. Lower limb and abdominal compression bandages prevent progressive orthostatic hypotension in elderly persons: a randomized single-blind controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(7):1425\u201332.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"410_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1420","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01096.2006","volume":"292","author":"I Taneja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taneja I, Moran C, Medow MS, et al. Differential effects of lower body negative pressure and upright tilt on splanchnic blood volume. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;292(3):H1420\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"410_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267725","volume":"7","author":"JC Denq","year":"1997","unstructured":"Denq JC, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Giuliani M, et al. Efficacy of compression of different capacitance beds in the amelioration of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res. 1997;7(6):321\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"410_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070064","volume":"113","author":"CT Krediet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krediet CT, Go-Schon IK, Kim YS, et al. Management of initial orthostatic hypotension: lower body muscle tensing attenuates the transient arterial blood pressure decrease upon standing from squatting. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;113(10):401\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0928-3","volume":"253","author":"M Tutaj","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tutaj M, Marthol H, Berlin D, et al. Effect of physical countermaneuvers on orthostatic hypotension in familial dysautonomia. J Neurol. 2006;253(1):65\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01250.2004","volume":"99","author":"CT Krediet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krediet CT, de Bruin IG, Ganzeboom KS, et al. Leg crossing, muscle tensing, squatting, and the crash position are effective against vasovagal reactions solely through increases in cardiac output. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99(5):1697\u2013703.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000229906.27330.4f","volume":"48","author":"SR Raj","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Black BK, et al. Sodium paradoxically reduces the gastropressor response in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Hypertension. 2006;48(2):329\u201334.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000158835.94916.0c","volume":"45","author":"C Shibao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I. Management of hypertension in the setting of autonomic failure: a pathophysiological approach. Hypertension. 2005;45(4):469\u201376.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907123010202","volume":"301","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Volicer L, Tifft CP, et al. Mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension in patients with orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med. 1979;301(2):68\u201373.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291388","volume":"10","author":"JJ Lieshout van","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Lieshout JJ, ten Harkel AD, Wieling W. Fludrocortisone and sleeping in the head-up position limit the postural decrease in cardiac output in autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res. 2000;10(1):35\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"410_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-3014-7","volume":"29","author":"W Singer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singer W, Joyner MJ, Sandroni P, et al. Midodrine efficacy in orthostatic hypotension. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(11):1440\u20131.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"410_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000815","volume":"83","author":"A Izcovich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Izcovich A, Gonzalez Malla C, Manzotti M, et al. Midodrine for orthostatic hypotension and recurrent reflex syncope: a systematic review. Neurology. 2014;83(13):1170\u20137. This is one of the most recent review articles on midodrine used for orthostatic hypotension. It provides clinical evidence of its use in orthostatic hypotension and its tolerability.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"410_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2006.00189.x","volume":"24","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldstein DS. L-Dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS): a norepinephrine prodrug. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2006;24(3-4):189\u2013203.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Rev"},{"key":"410_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaufmann H, Freeman R, Biaggioni I, et al. Droxidopa for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Neurology. 2014;83(4):328\u201335. This phase 3 clinical trial demonstrates the efficacy of droxidopa in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000615"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04035","volume":"65","author":"I Biaggioni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biaggioni I, Freeman R, Mathias CJ, et al. Randomized withdrawal study of patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension responsive to droxidopa. Hypertension. 2015;65(1):101\u20137. These two phase 3 clinical studies of droxidopa prompted its FDA approval for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. They show clinical efficacy and tolerability of droxidopa in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension from differenent diseases.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0342-1","volume":"75","author":"GM Keating","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keating GM. Droxidopa: a review of its use in symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Drugs. 2015;75(2):197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010363476","volume":"51","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sewell L, et al. Effects of carbidopa and entacapone on the metabolic fate of the norepinephrine prodrug L-DOPS. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;51(1):66\u201374.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"410_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-007-1005-z","volume":"18","author":"CJ Mathias","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mathias CJ. L-dihydroxyphenylserine (Droxidopa) in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension: the European experience. Clin Auton Res. 2008;18 Suppl 1:25\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02298955","volume":"11","author":"CJ Mathias","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mathias CJ, Senard JM, Braune S, et al. L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS; droxidopa) in the management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a multi-national, multi-center, dose-ranging study in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res. 2001;11(4):235\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H458","volume":"41","author":"BJ Gales","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gales BJ, Gales MA. Pyridostigmine in the treatment of orthostatic intolerance. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(2):314\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"5","key":"410_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnp.0000229946.01494.4c","volume":"23","author":"W Singer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Singer W, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Nickander KK, et al. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in patients with orthostatic intolerance. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;23(5):476\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"410_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1294","volume":"74","author":"W Singer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singer W, Opfer-Gehrking TL, McPhee BR, et al. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(9):1294\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"410_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04225","volume":"64","author":"CE Ramirez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramirez CE, Okamoto LE, Arnold AC, et al. Efficacy of atomoxetine versus midodrine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension. 2014;64(6):1235\u201340.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"410_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00270","volume":"5","author":"AC Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold AC, Ramirez CE, Choi L, et al. Combination ergotamine and caffeine improves seated blood pressure and presyncopal symptoms in autonomic failure. Front Physiol. 2014;5:270.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6543","key":"410_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.353","volume":"293","author":"CJ Mathias","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mathias CJ, Fosbraey P, da Costa DF, et al. The effect of desmopressin on nocturnal polyuria, overnight weight loss, and morning postural hypotension in patients with autonomic failure. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293(6543):353\u20134.","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"9","key":"410_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308263290904","volume":"329","author":"RD Hoeldtke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoeldtke RD, Streeten DH. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with erythropoietin. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(9):611\u20135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"410_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.2.215","volume":"37","author":"J Onrot","year":"1987","unstructured":"Onrot J, Goldberg MR, Biaggioni I, et al. Oral yohimbine in human autonomic failure. Neurology. 1987;37(2):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"410_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000126283.99195.37","volume":"109","author":"J Jordan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jordan J, Shannon JR, Diedrich A, et al. Water potentiates the pressor effect of ephedra alkaloids. Circulation. 2004;109(15):1823\u20135.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"410_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508293130905","volume":"313","author":"J Onrot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Onrot J, Goldberg MR, Biaggioni I, et al. Hemodynamic and humoral effects of caffeine in autonomic failure. Therapeutic implications for postprandial hypotension. N Engl J Med. 1985;313(9):549\u201354.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"410_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6.1414","volume":"47","author":"R Freeman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freeman R, Young J, Landsberg L, Lipsitz L. The treatment of postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure with 3,4-DL-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine. Neurology. 1996;47(6):1414\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"410_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091355","volume":"50","author":"C Shibao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, et al. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, attenuates postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension. 2007;50(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"410_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12728","volume":"62","author":"AC Ong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ong AC, Myint PK, Potter JF. Pharmacological treatment of postprandial reductions in blood pressure: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(4):649\u201361.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T02:45:56Z","timestamp":1567824356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-016-0410-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8480","1534-3138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8480","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"article-number":"28"}}