{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1788296434766,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Treat Options Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T05:12:50Z","timestamp":1569474770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Basilar Artery Occlusion: Diagnosis and Acute Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Buchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Merkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"591_CR1","first-page":"671","volume":"12","author":"SD Israeli-korn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Israeli-korn SD, Schwammenthal Y, Yonash-Kimchi T, et al. Ischemic stroke due to acute basilar artery occlusion: proportion and outcomes. Isr Med Assoc J. 2010;12:671\u20135.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012515","volume":"9","author":"AT Rai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rai AT, Seldon AE, Boo S, Link PS, Domico JR, Tarabishy AR, et al. A population-based incidence of acute large vessel occlusions and thrombectomy eligible patients indicates significant potential for growth of endovascular stroke therapy in the USA. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017;9:722\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70173-5","volume":"8","author":"WJ Schonewille","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schonewille WJ, Wijman CAC, Michel P, et al. Treatment and outcomes of acute basilar artery occlusion in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study (BASICS): a prospective registry study. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:724\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.4.496","volume":"61","author":"B Voetsch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Voetsch B, DeWitt LD, Pessin MS, Caplan LR. Basilar artery occlusive disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:496.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1159\/000319069","volume":"30","author":"M Ruecker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruecker M, Furtner M, Knoflach M, et al. Basilar artery dissection: series of 12 consecutive cases and review of the literature. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30:267\u201376.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2012.12.014","volume":"55","author":"C-Y Kuan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuan C-Y, Hung K-L. Vertebral artery dissection complicated by basilar artery occlusion. Pediatr Neonatol. 2014;55:316\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posner J, Saper C, Schiff N, Plus F (2007) Plum and Posner\u2019s diagnosis of stupor and coma, 4th ed. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195321319.001.0001"},{"key":"591_CR8","first-page":"213","volume":"1","author":"KK Sinha","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sinha KK. Brain stem infarction: clinical clues to localise them. Indian Acad Clin Med. 2000;1:213\u201321.","journal-title":"Indian Acad Clin Med"},{"key":"591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313105","volume":"221","author":"G Bauer","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rumpl E. Varieties of the locked-in syndrome. J Neurol. 1979;221:77\u201391.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.1.72","volume":"30","author":"LR Caplan","year":"1980","unstructured":"Caplan LR. &quot;Top of the basilar&quot; syndrome. Neurology. 1980;30:72\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.4.654","volume":"58","author":"G Saposnik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saposnik G, Caplan LR. Convulsive-like movements in brainstem stroke. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:654\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.29.4.350","volume":"29","author":"JH Halsey","year":"1966","unstructured":"Halsey JH, Downie AW. Decerebrate rigidity with preservation of consciousness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1966;29:350\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.9.1500-a","volume":"38","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ropper AH. \u201cConvulsions\u201d in basilar artery occlusion. Neurology. 1988;38:1500\u20131.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0858-2","volume":"249","author":"R Libman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Libman R, Benson R, Einberg K. Myasthenia mimicking vertebrobasilar stroke. J Neurol. 2002;249:1512\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141096","volume":"10","author":"M Ernst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ernst M, Romero JM, Buhk J-H, Cheng B, Herrmann J, Fiehler J, et al. Sensitivity of hyperdense basilar artery sign on non-enhanced computed tomography. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0141096.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2006.07.002","volume":"109","author":"P Verro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verro P, Tanenbaum LN, Borden N, Eshkar N, Sen S. Clinical application of CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007;109:138\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00689.x","volume":"22","author":"KWP Ng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ng KWP, Venketasubramanian N, Yeo LLL, Ahmad A, Loh PK, Seet RCS, et al. Usefulness of CT angiography for therapeutic decision making in thrombolyzing intubated patients with suspected basilar artery thrombosis. J Neuroimaging. 2012;22:351\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-010-0568-2","volume":"115","author":"G Bonatti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonatti G, Ferro F, Haglm\u00fcller T, Pernter P, Naibo L. Basilar artery thrombosis: imaging and endovascular therapy. Radiol Med. 2010;115:1219\u201333.","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008841","volume":"46","author":"SE Beyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beyer SE, Hunink MG, Sch\u00f6berl F, von Baumgarten L, Petersen SE, Dichgans M, et al. Different imaging strategies in patients with possible basilar artery occlusion: cost-effectiveness analysis. Stroke. 2015;46:1840\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.01.007","volume":"27","author":"H Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang H, Ma N, Liu L, Gao F, Mo D, Miao Z. The basilar artery on computed tomography angiography score for acute basilar artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27:1570\u20134.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.511162","volume":"39","author":"V Puetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Puetz V, Sylaja PN, Coutts SB, et al. Extent of hypoattenuation on CT angiography source images predicts functional outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2008;39:2485\u201390.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5406-x","volume":"257","author":"H Tei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tei H, Uchiyama S, Usui T, Ohara K. Posterior circulation ASPECTS on diffusion-weighted MRI can be a powerful marker for predicting functional outcome. J Neurol. 2010;257:767\u201373.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23904","volume":"73","author":"D Strbian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strbian D, Sairanen T, Silvennoinen H, Salonen O, Kaste M, Lindsberg PJ. Thrombolysis of basilar artery occlusion: impact of baseline ischemia and time. Ann Neurol. 2013;73:688\u201394.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.622175","volume":"42","author":"V Puetz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Puetz V, Khomenko A, Hill MD, et al. Extent of hypoattenuation on CT angiography source images in basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2011;42:3454\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8746-6","volume":"265","author":"S-F Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin S-F, Chen C-I, Hu H-H, Bai C-H. Predicting functional outcomes of posterior circulation acute ischemic stroke in first 36\u00a0h of stroke onset. J Neurol. 2018;265:926\u201332.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2011.00705.x","volume":"7","author":"S Nagel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nagel S, Herweh C, K\u00f6hrmann M, Huttner HB, Poli S, Hartmann M, et al. MRI in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion \u2013 DWI lesion scoring is an independent predictor of outcome. Int J Stroke. 2012;7:282\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706442","volume":"378","author":"RG Nogueira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24\u00a0hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:11\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"591_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713973","volume":"378","author":"GW Albers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16\u00a0hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:708\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.4.621","volume":"58","author":"I Linfante","year":"2001","unstructured":"Linfante I, Llinas RH, Schlaug G, Chaves C, Warach S, Caplan LR. Diffusion-weighted imaging and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the acute phase of posterior-circulation stroke. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:621\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.09.022","volume":"66","author":"AM Mortimer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mortimer AM, Saunders T, Cook J-L. Cross-sectional imaging for diagnosis and clinical outcome prediction of acute basilar artery thrombosis. Clin Radiol. 2011;66:551\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.9.1310","volume":"24","author":"J R\u00f6ther","year":"1993","unstructured":"R\u00f6ther J, Wentz KU, Rautenberg W, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Magnetic resonance angiography in vertebrobasilar ischemia. Stroke. 1993;24:1310\u20135.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3870","volume":"35","author":"I Mourand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mourand I, Machi P, Nogue E, Arquizan C, Costalat V, Picot M-C, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging score of the brain stem: a predictor of outcome in acute basilar artery occlusion treated with the solitaire FR device. Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35:1117\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1278","volume":"30","author":"T-H Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho T-H, Nighoghossian N, Tahon F, N\u00e9moz C, Hermier M, Salkine F, et al. Brain stem diffusion-weighted imaging lesion score: a potential marker of outcome in acute basilar artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:194\u20138.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ostrem JL, Saver JL, Alger JR, et al. Acute basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000113783.45745.BE.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000113783.45745.BE"},{"key":"591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2013.075","volume":"158","author":"T Dornak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dornak T, Herzig R, Sanak D, Skoloudik D. Management of acute basilar artery occlusion: Should any treatment strategy prevail? Biomed Pap. 2014;158:528\u201334.","journal-title":"Biomed Pap"},{"key":"591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000247897.33267.42","volume":"38","author":"WS Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith WS. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for acute basilar occlusion: pro. Stroke. 2007;38:701\u20133.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000202582.29510.6b","volume":"37","author":"PJ Lindsberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lindsberg PJ, Mattle HP. Therapy of basilar artery occlusion: a systematic analysis comparing intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis. Stroke. 2006;37:922\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.605584","volume":"42","author":"T Sairanen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sairanen T, Strbian D, Soinne L, Silvennoinen H, Salonen O, Artto V, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis of basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2011;42:2175\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-015-0693-4","volume":"39","author":"CH-K Mak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mak CH-K, Ho JW-K, Chan K-Y, Poon W-S, Wong GK-C. Intra-arterial revascularization therapy for basilar artery occlusion\u2014a systematic review and analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2016;39:575\u201380.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"591_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310250","volume":"87","author":"B Gory","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gory B, Eldesouky I, Sivan-Hoffmann R, Rabilloud M, Ong E, Riva R, et al. Outcomes of stent retriever thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion: an observational study and systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87:520\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"591_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2017.07.012","volume":"51","author":"A Wyszomirski","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Wyszomirski A, Szczyrba S, Tomaka D, Karaszewski B. Treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2017;51:486\u201396 One of the more rigorous systematic reviews which examined intravenous thrombolysis, intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical trhombectomy, and combinations of the three, providing evidence that mechanical thrombectomy is the most effective method but the significance of the combination therapy remains unclear.","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"591_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-012089","volume":"8","author":"K Phan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phan K, Phan S, Huo YR, Jia F, Mortimer A. Outcomes of endovascular treatment of basilar artery occlusion in the stent retriever era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016;8:1107\u201315.","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"591_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2013.04.001","volume":"40","author":"H Raoult","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raoult H, Eug\u00e8ne F, Ferr\u00e9 J-C, Gentric J-C, Ronzi\u00e8re T, Stamm A, et al. Prognostic factors for outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy with solitaire stent. J Neuroradiol. 2013;40:252\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"591_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24336","volume":"77","author":"OC Singer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singer OC, Berkefeld J, Nolte CH, et al. Mechanical recanalization in basilar artery occlusion: the ENDOSTROKE study. Ann Neurol. 2015;77:415\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000486690","volume":"45","author":"B Gory","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gory B, Mazighi M, Labreuche J, Blanc R, Piotin M, Turjman F, et al. Predictors for mortality after mechanical thrombectomy of acute basilar artery occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;45:61\u20137.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"591_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30177-6","volume":"15","author":"S Bracard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, Soudant M, Oppenheim C, Moulin T, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1138\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"591_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.505123","volume":"39","author":"T Pfefferkorn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pfefferkorn T, Mayer TE, Opherk C, Peters N, Straube A, Pfister H-W, et al. Staged escalation therapy in acute basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2008;39:1496\u2013500.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.666867","volume":"43","author":"MDI Vergouwen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vergouwen MDI, Algra A, Pfefferkorn T, Weimar C, Rueckert CM, Thijs V, et al. Time is brain(stem) in basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2012;43:3003\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"591_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002129","volume":"85","author":"PJ Lindsberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindsberg PJ, Pekkola J, Strbian D, Sairanen T, Mattle HP, Schroth G. Time window for recanalization in basilar artery occlusion. Neurology. 2015;85:1806\u201315.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"591_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","volume":"379","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, et al. MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:611\u201322 The WAKE-UP trial introduced utility of MRI DWI\/FLAIR mismatch to provide evidence of salvageable tissue and subsequently guide IV thrombolysis decisions in patients with unknown time of onset.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"591_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813046","volume":"380","author":"H Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Ma H, Campbell BCV, Parsons MW, et al. Thrombolysis guided by perfusion imaging up to 9\u00a0hours after onset of stroke. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1795\u2013803 The EXTEND study suggested a potential change in paradigm to extend the use of IV thrombolysis up to 9\u00a0h of last known well using imaging evidence of salvageable tissue on perfusion sequencing.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"591_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049924","volume":"76","author":"WJ Schonewille","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schonewille WJ, Algra A, Serena J, Molina CA, Kappelle LJ. Outcome in patients with basilar artery occlusion treated conventionally. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1238\u201341.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"591_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)50034-7","volume":"150","author":"S Laureys","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laureys S, Pellas F, Van Eeckhout P, et al. The locked-in syndrome: what is it like to be conscious but paralyzed and voiceless? Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:495\u2013511.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"591_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17723-3","volume":"177","author":"D Lul\u00e9","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lul\u00e9 D, Zickler C, H\u00e4cker S, Bruno MA, Demertzi A, Pellas F, et al. Life can be worth living in locked-in syndrome. Prog Brain Res. 2009;177:339\u201351.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"591_CR55","first-page":"633","volume":"6","author":"B Leemann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leemann B, Schnider A. Unusually favorable recovery from locked-in syndrome after basilar artery occlusion. Rev. Med Suisse. 2010;6:633\u20135.","journal-title":"Rev. Med Suisse"}],"container-title":["Current Treatment Options in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T06:06:02Z","timestamp":1650175562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-019-0591-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-8480","1534-3138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-8480","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Alexander E. Merkler reports a grant from American Heart Association (Grant number: 18CDA34110419), as well as a grant from Leon Levy Foundation, outside the submitted work.Stephanie L. Buchman declares no potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"45"}}