{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:52:22Z","timestamp":1781067142308,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Orthop Relat Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3554-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T13:52:18Z","timestamp":1394459538000},"page":"3814-3822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["External Fixation for Closed Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures: Where Are We Now?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"472","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Sabharwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198709000-00018","volume":"7","author":"JE Alonso","year":"1987","unstructured":"Alonso JE, Horowitz M. Use of the AO\/ASIF external fixator in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1987;7:594\u2013600.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000192294.47047.99","volume":"19","author":"JO Anglen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anglen JO, Choi L. Treatment options in pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:724\u2013733.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"3554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199203000-00003","volume":"12","author":"J Aronson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Aronson J, Tursky EA. External fixation of femur fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12:157\u2013163.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR4","first-page":"342","volume":"17","author":"RD Blasier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blasier RD, Aronson J, Tursky EA. External fixation of pediatric femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 1997;17:342\u2013346.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B4.6746689","volume":"66","author":"G Bastiani De","year":"1984","unstructured":"De Bastiani G, Aldegheri R, Renzi Brivio L. The treatment of fractures with a dynamic axial fixator. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:538\u2013545.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"3554_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.110.2000120","volume":"1","author":"CBR Mattos De","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Mattos CBR, Binitie O, Dormans JP. Pathological fractures in children. Bone Joint Res. 2012;1:272\u2013280.","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"key":"3554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199609000-00013","volume":"16","author":"N Sanctis de","year":"1996","unstructured":"de Sanctis N, Gambardella A, Pempinello C, Mallano P, Della Corte S. The use of external fixators in femur fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16:613\u2013620.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR8","first-page":"428","volume":"22","author":"BG Domb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Domb BG, Sponseller PD, Ain M, Miller NH. Comparison of dynamic versus static external fixation for pediatric femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22:428\u2013430.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199604000-00007","volume":"10","author":"P Gregory","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gregory P, Pevny T, Teague D. Early complications with external fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10:191\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"3554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.07.006","volume":"35","author":"H Hedin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hedin H, Larsson S. Technique and considerations when using external fixation as a standard treatment of femoral fractures in children. Injury. 2004;35:1255\u20131263.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"3554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31821f9027","volume":"31","author":"J Heideken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heideken J, Svensson T, Blomqvist P, Haglund-Akerlind Y, Janarv PM. Incidence and trends in femur shaft fractures in Swedish children between 1987 and 2005. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:512\u2013519.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyworth BE, Hedequist DJ, Nasreddine AY, Stamoulis C, Hresko MT, Yen YM. Distal femoral valgus deformity following plate fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95 526\u2013533.","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01190"},{"key":"3554_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00007","volume":"81","author":"RY Hinton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hinton RY, Lincoln A, Crockett MM, Sponseller P, Smith G. Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Incidence, mechanisms, and sociodemographic risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:500\u2013509.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"3554_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020050273","volume":"117","author":"A Kapukaya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kapukaya A, Subasi M, Necmioglu S, Arslan H, Kesemenli C, Yildirim K. Treatment of closed femoral diaphyseal fractures with external fixators in children. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117:387\u2013389.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"key":"3554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00137","volume":"92","author":"MS Kocher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kocher MS, Sink EL, Blasier RD, Luhmann SJ, Mehlman CT, Scher DM, Matheney CT, Sanders JO, Watters WC, Goldberg MJ, Keith MW, Haralson RH, Turkelson CM, Wies JL, Sluka P, McGowan R. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline on Treatment of Pediatric Diaphyseal Femur Fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:1790\u20131792.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"3554_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3280123142","volume":"19","author":"MA Kuremsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuremsky MA, Frick SL. Advances in the surgical management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:51\u201357.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr."},{"key":"3554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-09-596","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li Y, Hedequist DJ. Submuscular plating of pediatric femur fracture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20:596\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"key":"3554_CR18","first-page":"405","volume":"20","author":"T Miner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miner T, Carroll KL. Outcomes of external fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20:405\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200203000-00009","volume":"16","author":"A Moroni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moroni A, Vannini F, Mosca M, Giannini S. State of the art review: techniques to avoid pin loosening and infection in external fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2002;16:189\u2013195.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"3554_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000174706.03357.26","volume":"19","author":"S Sabharwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sabharwal S. Role of Ilizarov external fixator in the management of proximal\/distal metadiaphyseal pediatric femur fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:563\u2013569.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"3554_CR21","first-page":"218","volume":"34","author":"S Sabharwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sabharwal S, Kishan S, Behrens F. Principles of external fixation of the femur. Am J Orthop. 2005;34:218\u2013223.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01514","volume":"90","author":"S Sabharwal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sabharwal S, Zhao C. Assessment of lower limb alignment: supine fluoroscopy compared with a standing full-length radiograph. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:43\u201351.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"3554_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318186eb79","volume":"28","author":"S Sabharwal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sabharwal S, Zhao C, Edgar M. Lower limb alignment in children: reference values based on a full-length standing radiograph. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:740\u2013746.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR24","first-page":"582","volume":"19","author":"DL Skaggs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skaggs DL, Leet AI, Money MD, Shaw BA, Hale JM, Tolo VT. Secondary fractures associated with external fixation in pediatric femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:582\u2013586.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR25","unstructured":"Slongo T, Audig\u00e9 L, AO Pediatric Classification Group (2007). AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long-Bone Fractures (PCCF). Davos, Switzerland: AO Foundation; 2010."},{"key":"3554_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198309000-00004","volume":"3","author":"VT Tolo","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tolo VT. External skeletal fixation in children\u2019s fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983;3:435\u2013442.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"3554_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71878-X","volume":"365","author":"JG Wright","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wright JG, Wang EE, Owen JL, Stephens D, Graham HK, Hanlon M, Nattrass GR, Reynolds RA, Coyte P. Treatments for paediatric femoral fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365:1153\u20131158.","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3554-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T12:06:30Z","timestamp":1593259590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3554-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3554-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-921X","1528-1132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-921X","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1132","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]}}}