{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:13:20Z","timestamp":1792696400809,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006298","name":"S\u00e4chsische Aufbaubank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023321","name":"Graduiertenakademie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals, particularly antibiotics, have been observed worldwide, while antibiotic concentrations in the ng\/L to \u00b5g\/L range may adversely affect biota and contribute to the formation of antibiotic resistance. The underlying causes of high environmental concentrations include, in addition to the low rate of antibiotic\u2019 metabolization and the high rate of usage, especially of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, the insufficient removal by conventional wastewater treatment methods. Consequently, alternative methods need to be developed to remove antibiotics from wastewater\u2014one possibility is the use of enzymes. In this study, the enzyme \u03b2-lactamase was secreted by a genetically modified yeast (\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) upon recognition of a pheromone (\u03b1-factor) as inducer to enable the degradation of ampicillin. This represents a crucial step on the road to a sensor-actuator system, allowing for the development of an intelligent removal system that can react to the presence of antibiotics. Ampicillin and its transformation products were studied by LC\u2013MS\/MS measurements using a carbamoyl functionalized column under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) conditions, which allowed detection of ampicillin at concentrations of 2.43\u00a0nM. The dependence of ampicillin degradation on \u03b1-factor concentration and the cultivation time of the yeast was demonstrated, resulting in higher degradation rate with higher \u03b1-factor concentrations and longer yeast cultivation times. Over 90% of 10\u00a0\u00b5M ampicillin was degraded within 0.5\u00a0h using 250\u00a0nM \u03b1-factor and a cultivation period of 24\u00a0h. Finally, the transferability to other \u03b2-lactam antibiotics was investigated, resulting in complete degradation of amoxicillin, penicillin G and piperacillin within 24\u00a0h.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:09:36Z","timestamp":1750997376000},"page":"5649-5667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetically Engineered Yeast for Enhanced Biodegradation of \u0392-lactam Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1150-3133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin","family":"Pohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Gutbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Beil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilmar","family":"B\u00f6rnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ostermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Stolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"5291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175402","volume":"27","author":"MN Chollom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chollom, M. N., Bakare, B. F., Rathilal, S., & Tetteh, E. K. (2022). Evaluating the Biodegradation of Veterinary Antibiotics Using Kinetics Model and Response Surface Methodology. Molecules, 27(17), 5402.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"5291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.3390\/w12123313","volume":"12","author":"L Serweci\u0144ska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serweci\u0144ska, L. (2020). Antimicrobials and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Risk to the Environment and to Public Health. Water, 12(12), 3313.","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"49","key":"5291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2411919121","volume":"121","author":"EY Klein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klein, E. Y., Impalli, I., Poleon, S., Denoel, P., Cipriano, M., Van Boeckel, T. P., Pecetta, S., Bloom, D. E., & Nandi, A. (2024). Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016\u20132023 and future projections through 2030. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(49), Article e2411919121.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.010","volume":"53","author":"GA Durand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Durand, G. A., Raoult, D., & Dubourg, G. (2019). Antibiotic discovery: History, methods and perspectives. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 53(4), 371\u2013382.","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"issue":"8","key":"5291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70780-7","volume":"14","author":"TP Van Boeckel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Boeckel, T. P., Gandra, S., Ashok, A., Caudron, Q., Grenfell, B. T., Levin, S. A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2014). Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: An analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(8), 742\u2013750.","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"5291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3390\/ani4020146","volume":"4","author":"DI Mass\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mass\u00e9, D. I., Saady, N. M. C., & Gilbert, Y. (2014). Potential of Biological Processes to Eliminate Antibiotics in Livestock Manure: An Overview. Animals (Basel), 4(2), 146\u2013163.","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"5291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126351","volume":"251","author":"P Kovalakova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kovalakova, P., Cizmas, L., McDonald, T. J., Marsalek, B., Feng, M., & Sharma, V. K. (2020). Occurrence and toxicity of antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A review. Chemosphere, 251, Article 126351.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"5291_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.124161","volume":"319","author":"P Chaturvedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaturvedi, P., Giri, B. S., Shukla, P., & Gupta, P. (2021). Recent advancement in remediation of synthetic organic antibiotics from environmental matrices: Challenges and perspective. Bioresource Technology, 319, Article 124161.","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"5291_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140997","volume":"744","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J., Chu, L., Wojn\u00e1rovits, L., & Tak\u00e1cs, E. (2020). Occurrence and fate of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in municipal wastewater treatment plant: An overview. Science of The Total Environment, 744, Article 140997.","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00479-3","volume":"44","author":"F Ingerslev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ingerslev, F., Tor\u00e4ng, L., Loke, M.-L., Halling-S\u00f8rensen, B., & Nyholm, N. (2001). Primary biodegradation of veterinary antibiotics in aerobic and anaerobic surface water simulation systems. Chemosphere, 44(4), 865\u2013872.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"5291_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7899-1_19","volume":"1800","author":"S Kar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kar, S., Roy, K., & Leszczynski, J. (2018). Impact of Pharmaceuticals on the Environment: Risk Assessment Using QSAR Modeling Approach. Computational Toxicology, 1800, 395\u2013443.","journal-title":"Computational Toxicology"},{"key":"5291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daughton, C.G., und Ternes, T.A. (1999) Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change? Environmental Health Perspectives, 107.","DOI":"10.2307\/3434573"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086","volume":"75","author":"K K\u00fcmmerer","year":"2009","unstructured":"K\u00fcmmerer, K. (2009). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment \u2013 A review \u2013 Part I. Chemosphere, 75(4), 417\u2013434.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"5291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gothwal, R., und Shashidhar, T. (2015) Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: A Review. CLEAN \u2013 Soil, Air, Water, 43(4):479\u2013489.","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201300989"},{"key":"5291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106616","volume":"156","author":"R Naidu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naidu, R., Biswas, B., Willett, I. R., Cribb, J., Kumar Singh, B., Paul Nathanail, C., Coulon, F., Semple, K. T., Jones, K. C., Barclay, A., & Aitken, R. J. (2021). Chemical pollution: A growing peril and potential catastrophic risk to humanity. Environment International, 156, Article 106616.","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2019.205","volume":"79","author":"P Del Vecchio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Del Vecchio, P., Haro, N. K., Souza, F. S., Marc\u00edlio, N. R., & F\u00e9ris, L. A. (2019). Ampicillin removal by adsorption onto activated carbon: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Water Science and Technology, 79(10), 2013\u20132021.","journal-title":"Water Science and Technology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3468","DOI":"10.1021\/es903490h","volume":"44","author":"B Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, B., & Zhang, T. (2010). Biodegradation and Adsorption of Antibiotics in the Activated Sludge Process. Environmental Science and Technology, 44(9), 3468\u20133473.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2014.904457","volume":"119","author":"L Sandegren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sandegren, L. (2014). Selection of antibiotic resistance at very low antibiotic concentrations. Ups J Med Sci, 119(2), 103\u2013107.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"5291_CR19","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report 2022.\u00a0World Health Organization."},{"issue":"10325","key":"5291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray, C. J. L., Ikuta, K. S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Aguilar, G. R., Gray, A., Han, C., Bisignano, C., Rao, P., Wool, E., Johnson, S. C., Browne, A. J., Chipeta, M. G., Fell, F., Hackett, S., Haines-Woodhouse, G., Hamadani, B. H. K., Kumaran, E. A. P., McManigal, B., \u2026 Naghavi, M. (2022). Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis. The Lancet, 399(10325), 629\u2013655.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2016","key":"5291_CR21","first-page":"90","volume":"4","author":"E Etebu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Etebu, E., & Arikekpar, I. (2016). Antibiotics: Classification and mechanisms of action with emphasis on molecular perspectives. International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 4(2016), 90\u2013101.","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research"},{"key":"5291_CR22","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention. (2023).\u00a0Antimicrobial consumption in the EU\/EEA (ESAC-Net).\u00a0Annual Epidemiological Report 2022.\u00a0ECDC."},{"key":"5291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Wasify, R. S., Alruwaili, M. M., Aljohani, F. S., Hamed, S. R., Ragab, S., Al-Wasify, R. S., Alruwaili, M. M., Aljohani, F. S., Hamed, S. R., & Ragab, S. (2023) The efficiency of wastewater treatment plants for the removal of antibiotics. In:\u00a0M. M. M. Elnashar, & S. Karakus\u00a0(Eds.),\u00a0Water purification - present and future.\u00a0IntechOpen.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.111999","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.111999"},{"issue":"24","key":"5291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1021\/es049509a","volume":"38","author":"R Andreozzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andreozzi, R., Caprio, V., Ciniglia, C., de Champdor\u00e9, M., Lo Giudice, R., Marotta, R., & Zuccato, E. (2004). Antibiotics in the Environment: Occurrence in Italian STPs, Fate, and Preliminary Assessment on Algal Toxicity of Amoxicillin. Environmental Science and Technology, 38(24), 6832\u20136838.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060180","volume":"7","author":"SA Kraemer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraemer, S. A., Ramachandran, A., & Perron, G. G. (2019). Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy. Microorganisms, 7(6), 180.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.08.104","volume":"173","author":"ES Elmolla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elmolla, E. S., & Chaudhuri, M. (2010). Degradation of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin antibiotics in aqueous solution by the UV\/ZnO photocatalytic process. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1\u20133), 445\u2013449.","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2234-5","volume":"26","author":"J Vidal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vidal, J., Huili\u00f1ir, C., Santander, R., Silva-Agredo, J., Torres-Palma, R. A., & Salazar, R. (2019). Degradation of ampicillin antibiotic by electrochemical processes: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of treated water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(5), 4404\u20134414.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"5291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.005","volume":"41","author":"AJ Watkinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watkinson, A. J., Murby, E. J., & Costanzo, S. D. (2007). Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: Implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling. Water Research, 41(18), 4164\u20134176.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101489","volume":"12","author":"H S\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00e1, H., Michelin, M., Tavares, T., & Silva, B. (2022). Current Challenges for Biological Treatment of Pharmaceutical-Based Contaminants with Oxidoreductase Enzymes: Immobilization Processes, Real Aqueous Matrices and Hybrid Techniques. Biomolecules, 12(10), 1489.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.11.060","volume":"234","author":"M Naghdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naghdi, M., Taheran, M., Brar, S. K., Kermanshahi-pour, A., Verma, M., & Surampalli, R. Y. (2018). Removal of pharmaceutical compounds in water and wastewater using fungal oxidoreductase enzymes. Environmental Pollution, 234, 190\u2013213.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"5291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.129","volume":"247","author":"MB Asif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asif, M. B., Hai, F. I., Kang, J., van de Merwe, J. P., Leusch, F. D. L., Price, W. E., & Nghiem, L. D. (2018). Biocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, steroid hormones and pesticides in a membrane distillation-enzymatic bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 247, 528\u2013536.","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"5291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.102156","volume":"25","author":"N Dhiman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dhiman, N., Chaudhary, S., Singh, A., Chauhan, A., & Kumar, R. (2022). Sustainable degradation of pharmaceutical waste using different fungal strains: Enzyme induction, kinetics and isotherm studies. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 25, Article 102156.","journal-title":"Environmental Technology & Innovation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fou003","volume":"15","author":"Z Dai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dai, Z., Liu, Y., Guo, J., Huang, L., & Zhang, X. (2015). Yeast synthetic biology for high-value metabolites. FEMS Yeast Research, 15(1), 1\u201311.","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"5291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800421","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201800421","volume":"14","author":"J Nielsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nielsen, J. (2019). Yeast Systems Biology: Model Organism and Cell Factory. Biotechnology Journal, 14(9), 1800421.","journal-title":"Biotechnology Journal"},{"key":"5291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumancas, G.G., Hikkaduwa Koralege, R.S., Mojica, E.-R.E., Murdianti, B.S., und Pham, P.J. (2014). Penicillins, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition) (Hrsg.Wexler, P.), Academic Press, Oxford, S. 768\u2013772.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386454-3.00764-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600600402","volume":"60","author":"JP Hou","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hou, J. P., & Poole, J. W. (1971). \u03b2-Lactam Antibiotics: Their Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities in Relation to Structure. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60(4), 503\u2013532.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"5291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00037-7","volume":"156","author":"D Mumberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mumberg, D., M\u00fcller, R., & Funk, M. (1995). Yeast vectors for the controlled expression of heterologous proteins in different genetic backgrounds. Gene, 156(1), 119\u2013122.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03035.x","volume":"52","author":"A Gro\u00df","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, A., R\u00f6del, G., & Ostermann, K. (2011). Application of the yeast pheromone system for controlled cell\u2013cell communication and signal amplification. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 52(5), 521\u2013526.","journal-title":"Letters in Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0061(199604)12:5<457::AID-YEA930>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"12","author":"M Simonen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simonen, M., Vihinen, H., J\u00e4ms\u00e4, E., Arum\u00e4e, U., Kalkkinen, N., & Makarow, M. (1996). The hsp150 delta-carrier confers secretion competence to the rat nerve growth factor receptor ectodomain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 12(5), 457\u2013466.","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"issue":"1","key":"5291_CR40","first-page":"21","volume":"2","author":"RK Chan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chan, R. K., & Otte, C. A. (1982). Physiological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants supersensitive to G1 arrest by a factor and alpha factor pheromones. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2(1), 21\u201329.","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"5291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)50957-5","volume":"350","author":"RD Gietz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gietz, R. D., & Woods, R. A. (2002). Transformation of yeast by lithium acetate\/single-stranded carrier DNA\/polyethylene glycol method. Methods in Enzymology, 350, 87\u201396.","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"5291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutbier, U., Korp, J., Scheufler, L., und Ostermann, K. Genetic modules for \u03b1-factor pheromone controlled growth regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Engineering in Life Sciences, 2300235.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/elsc.202300235","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.202300235"},{"issue":"5259","key":"5291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","volume":"227","author":"UK Laemmli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227(5259), 680\u2013685.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"5291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150090603","volume":"9","author":"V Neuhoff","year":"1988","unstructured":"Neuhoff, V., Arold, N., Taube, D., & Ehrhardt, W. (1988). Improved staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels including isoelectric focusing gels with clear background at nanogram sensitivity using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and R-250. Electrophoresis, 9(6), 255\u2013262.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"issue":"11","key":"5291_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9001386","volume":"81","author":"L Kantiani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kantiani, L., Farr\u00e9, M., Sibum, M., Postigo, C., L\u00f3pez de Alda, M., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2009). Fully Automated Analysis of \u03b2-Lactams in Bovine Milk by Online Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 81(11), 4285\u20134295.","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"5291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0499572","volume":"52","author":"S Bogialli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bogialli, S., Capitolino, V., Curini, R., Di Corcia, A., Nazzari, M., & Sergi, M. (2004). Simple and Rapid Liquid Chromatography\u2212Tandem Mass Spectrometry Confirmatory Assay for Determining Amoxicillin and Ampicillin in Bovine Tissues and Milk. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 52(11), 3286\u20133291.","journal-title":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"5291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.101","volume":"563\u2013564","author":"I Tlili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tlili, I., Caria, G., Ouddane, B., Ghorbel-Abid, I., Ternane, R., Trabelsi-Ayadi, M., & Net, S. (2016). Simultaneous detection of antibiotics and other drug residues in the dissolved and particulate phases of water by an off-line SPE combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS\/MS: Method development and application. Science of The Total Environment, 563\u2013564, 424\u2013433.","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AY01966J","volume":"14","author":"CJ Mwankuna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mwankuna, C. J., Uwamaliya, G. A., Mariki, E. E., Mabiki, F., Malebo, H. M., Mdegela, R., & Styrishave, B. (2022). A HPLC-MS\/MS method for screening of selected antibiotic adulterants in herbal drugs. Analytical Methods, 14(10), 1060\u20131068.","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"5291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-010-9550-1","volume":"60","author":"MAF Locatelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Locatelli, M. A. F., Sodr\u00e9, F. F., & Jardim, W. F. (2011). Determination of Antibiotics in Brazilian Surface Waters Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60(3), 385\u2013393.","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-018-1533-5","volume":"411","author":"A Blidar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blidar, A., Feier, B., Tertis, M., Galatus, R., & Cristea, C. (2019). Electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) aptasensor for ampicillin detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 411(5), 1053\u20131065.","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"21","key":"5291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12947","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ01729D","volume":"41","author":"B Feier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feier, B., Ionel, I., Cristea, C., & S\u0103ndulescu, R. (2017). Electrochemical behaviour of several penicillins at high potential. New Journal of Chemistry, 41(21), 12947\u201312955.","journal-title":"New Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay42011f","volume":"6","author":"FA Ibrahim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ibrahim, F. A., & Nasr, J. J. M. (2014). Direct determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin residues in food samples after aqueous SDS extraction by micellar liquid chromatography with UV detection. Analytical Methods, 6(5), 1523\u20131529.","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5291_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808802200702","volume":"22","author":"JM Benson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Benson, J. M., & Nahata, M. C. (1988). Sulbactam\/ampicillin, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor\/beta-lactam antibiotic combination. Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy, 22(7\u20138), 534\u2013541.","journal-title":"Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR54","first-page":"754","volume":"28","author":"DR Savello","year":"1971","unstructured":"Savello, D. R., & Shangraw, R. F. (1971). Stability of sodium ampicillin solutions in the frozen and liquid states. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 28(10), 754\u2013759.","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578720925389","volume":"56","author":"M Huskey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huskey, M., Lewis, P., & Brown, S. D. (2021). Stability of Ampicillin in Normal Saline Following Refrigerated Storage and 24-Hour Pump Recirculation. Hospital Pharmacy, 56(5), 507\u2013512.","journal-title":"Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2012.34063","volume":"3","author":"MA Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang, M. A., & Kang, J.-S. (2012). Stability Test of Ampicillin Sodium Solutions in the Accufuser\u00ae Elastomeric Infusion Device Using HPLC: UV Method. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 3(4), 462\u2013467.","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Pharmacy"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.04.003","volume":"24","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakamura, T., Enoki, Y., Uno, S., Uwamino, Y., Iketani, O., Hasegawa, N., & Matsumoto, K. (2018). Stability of benzylpenicillin potassium and ampicillin in an elastomeric infusion pump. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 24(10), 856\u2013859.","journal-title":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"5291_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600610616","volume":"61","author":"MA Schwartz","year":"1972","unstructured":"Schwartz, M. A., & Hayton, W. L. (1972). Relative Stability of Hetacillin and Ampicillin in Solution. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61(6), 906\u2013909.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808001400505","volume":"14","author":"CJ Holmes","year":"1980","unstructured":"Holmes, C. J., Ausman, R. K., Walter, C. W., & Kundsin, R. B. (1980). Activity of antibiotic admixtures subjected to different freeze-thaw treatments. Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy, 14(5), 353\u2013357.","journal-title":"Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"3","key":"5291_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6133-5","volume":"99","author":"S Hennig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hennig, S., Clemens, A., R\u00f6del, G., & Ostermann, K. (2015). A yeast pheromone-based inter-species communication system. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(3), 1299\u20131308.","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"6171","key":"5291_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242782","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242782","volume":"343","author":"H Youk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Youk, H., & Lim, W. A. (2014). Secreting and Sensing the Same Molecule Allows Cells to Achieve Versatile Social Behaviors. Science, 343(6171), 1242782.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5291_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez Mu\u00f1oz, J. J., de Cuervo L\u00f3pez, F., & M., und Texier, A.-C. (2020). Ampicillin biotransformation by a nitrifying consortium. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 36(2), 21.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-020-2798-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"5291_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.130008","volume":"3","author":"L Merlini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merlini, L., Dudin, O., & Martin, S. G. (2013). Mate and fuse: How yeast cells do it. Open Biology, 3(3), Article 130008.","journal-title":"Open Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR64","first-page":"5251","volume":"11","author":"B Zanolari","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zanolari, B., & Riezman, H. (1991). Quantitation of alpha-factor internalization and response during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 11(10), 5251\u20135258.","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.5.1373","volume":"70","author":"EP Sena","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sena, E. P., Radin, D. N., & Fogel, S. (1973). Synchronous Mating in Yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 70(5), 1373\u20131377.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"5291_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yashiroda, Y., und Yoshida, M. (2019). Intraspecies cell\u2013cell communication in yeast. FEMS Yeast Research, 19(7), foz071.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/foz071"},{"issue":"5","key":"5291_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0524-y","volume":"25","author":"Y Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Tsang, D. C. W., Zhang, X., & Yang, X. (2018). Cu(II)-catalyzed degradation of ampicillin: Effect of pH and dissolved oxygen. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(5), 4279\u20134288.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"5291_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.08.025","volume":"101","author":"Y Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng, Y., Liu, W., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Peng, M., & Zhang, T. (2021). A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 101, 260\u2013281.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0818-2","volume":"387","author":"C Zwiener","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zwiener, C. (2007). Occurrence and analysis of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in drinking water treatment. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 387(4), 1159\u20131162.","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"5291_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.122","volume":"642","author":"JB Arsand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arsand, J. B., Hoff, R. B., Jank, L., Meirelles, L. N., Silvia D\u00edaz-Cruz, M., Pizzolato, T. M., & Barcel\u00f3, D. (2018). Transformation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin after photolysis in aqueous matrices: Identification and kinetics. Science of The Total Environment, 642, 954\u2013967.","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5291_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.07.016","volume":"42","author":"D Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, D., Yang, M., Hu, J., Zhang, Y., Chang, H., & Jin, F. (2008). Determination of penicillin G and its degradation products in a penicillin production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river. Water Research, 42(1\u20132), 307\u2013317.","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"5291_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157378","volume":"846","author":"K Lalas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lalas, K., Arvaniti, O. S., Zkeri, E., Nika, M.-C., Thomaidis, N. S., Mantzavinos, D., Stasinakis, A. S., & Frontistis, Z. (2022). Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of ampicillin: Kinetics, transformation products and ecotoxicity. Science of The Total Environment, 846, Article 157378.","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"5291_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140831","volume":"349","author":"LG Raikar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raikar, L. G., Gandhi, J., Gupta, K. V. K., & Prakash, H. (2024). Degradation of Ampicillin with antibiotic activity removal using persulfate and submersible UVC LED: Kinetics, mechanism, electrical energy and cost analysis. Chemosphere, 349, Article 140831.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"5291_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.11.050","volume":"346","author":"N Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, N., Han, H., Yin, H., Han, L., & Huang, G. (2018). Variations in the fate and risk analysis of amoxicillin and its degradation products during pig manure aerobic composting. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 346, 234\u2013241.","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"12","key":"5291_CR75","first-page":"1684","volume":"87","author":"AD Deshpande","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deshpande, A. D., Baheti, K. G., & Chatterjee, N. R. (2004). Degradation of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. Current Science, 87(12), 1684\u20131695.","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"5291_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/bms.1200181106","volume":"18","author":"S Suwanrumpha","year":"1989","unstructured":"Suwanrumpha, S., & Freast, R. B. (1989). Identification of metabolites of ampicillin using liquid chromatography\/thermospray mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. Biomedical & Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 18(11), 983\u2013994.","journal-title":"Biomedical & Environmental Mass Spectrometry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5291_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy7030103","volume":"7","author":"SB Chaudhry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaudhry, S. B., Veve, M. P., & Wagner, J. L. (2019). Cephalosporins: A Focus on Side Chains and \u03b2-Lactam Cross-Reactivity. Pharmacy (Basel), 7(3), 103.","journal-title":"Pharmacy (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5291_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70101-X","volume":"98","author":"A Miranda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miranda, A., Blanca, M., Vega, J. M., Moreno, F., Carmona, M. J., Garc\u00eda, J. J., Segurado, E., Justicia, J. L., & Juarez, C. (1996). Cross-reactivity between a penicillin and a cephalosporin with the same side chain. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 98(3), 671\u2013677.","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"5291_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.08.008","volume":"969","author":"J Rossmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossmann, J., Schubert, S., Gurke, R., Oertel, R., & Kirch, W. (2014). Simultaneous determination of most prescribed antibiotics in multiple urban wastewater by SPE-LC-MS\/MS. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 969, 162\u2013170.","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"5291_CR80","volume":"168","author":"N Kaderabkova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaderabkova, N., Bharathwaj, M., Furniss, R. C. D., Gonzalez, D., Palmer, T., & Mavridou, D. A. I. (2022). The biogenesis of \u03b2-lactamase enzymes. Microbiology (Reading), 168(8), Article 001217.","journal-title":"The biogenesis of \u03b2-lactamase enzymes. Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"10","key":"5291_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1021\/bi972127f","volume":"37","author":"S Banerjee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banerjee, S., Pieper, U., Kapadia, G., Pannell, L. K., & Herzberg, O. (1998). Role of the \u03a9-Loop in the Activity, Substrate Specificity, and Structure of Class A \u03b2-Lactamase. Biochemistry, 37(10), 3286\u20133296.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"46","key":"5291_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29144","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.46.29144","volume":"272","author":"C Cantu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cantu, C., Huang, W., & Palzkill, T. (1997). Cephalosporin Substrate Specificity Determinants of TEM-1 \u03b2-Lactamase*. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(46), 29144\u201329150.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01640785","volume":"5","author":"WE Farrar","year":"1977","unstructured":"Farrar, W. E., & O\u2019Dell, N. M. (1977). Beta lactamase resistance of newer cephalosporins and antimicrobial effectiveness against gram-negative bacilli. Infection, 5(4), 224\u2013227.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5291_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiedemann, B., Kliebe, C., und Kresken, M. (1989). The epidemiology of beta-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother, 24 Suppl B:1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/24.suppl_B.1"},{"issue":"4","key":"5291_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes4040692","volume":"4","author":"M de Cazes","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Cazes, M., Abej\u00f3n, R., Belleville, M.-P., & Sanchez-Marcano, J. (2014). Membrane Bioprocesses for Pharmaceutical Micropollutant Removal from Waters. Membranes (Basel), 4(4), 692\u2013729.","journal-title":"Membranes (Basel)"},{"key":"5291_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.11.101","volume":"129","author":"Q Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Li, X., Wang, Z., Xu, Y., Ren, S., Chen, X., Xu, Y., Hao, H., & Wang, H. (2013). Extracellular enzyme production and phylogenetic distribution of yeasts in wastewater treatment systems. Bioresource Technology, 129, 264\u2013273.","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T21:02:47Z","timestamp":1761685367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05291-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethic Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}