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Metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts have recently emerged as the best option to address this problem as they provide an eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for a clean water supply. This study describes the photocatalytic degradation of four different types of dyes\u2014methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), Eriochrome black-T (EB), and methyl orange (MO) using tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs) synthesized with ginger (\n                    <jats:italic>Zingiber officinale<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) extract. From the results, the SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs play a remarkable role in degrading all the dyes even though they require a longer time to reach maximum degradation. This study also describes the biosynthetic preparation of SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs, which have a\u00a0 tetragonal structure, prepared using the optimum parameters of 0.02 g mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    of ginger extract, 0.5 M of tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O), and reaction pH of 5. SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate their crystallinity and composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to identify the changes in functional groups of SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs, and ultraviolet\u2013visible (UV\u2013Vis) spectroscopy to analyze the optical properties of SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs through band gap calculation. The photocatalytic activity of SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs was then studied through their efficiency in degrading the four dyes. A toxicity test was also carried out in this study using brine shrimp (\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to ensure the safety of the synthesized SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs made with ginger extract for use in aquatic environments to degrade pollutants. The positive results obtained indicate their potential as a good photocatalyst for water remediation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05293-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:29:48Z","timestamp":1750998588000},"page":"5668-5693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Green Synthesis of Tin Oxide (SnO2) Nanoparticles Using Ginger Extracts for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Yuvana","family":"Sivarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairul Anwar","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamilah Syafawati","family":"Yaacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5293_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-021-0838-9","volume":"38","author":"DM Abdo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdo, D. 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