{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:31:17Z","timestamp":1773790277902,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009697","name":"Hashemite University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T13:17:53Z","timestamp":1767619073000},"page":"1680-1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways by Tamarix Aphylla Essential Oil in TNBS-Induced Colitis: A Focus on Cytokine Balancing, NF-\u03baB, p38 MAPK, and Nrf2 Activation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3721-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelrahim","family":"Alqudah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esam","family":"Qnais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Gammoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousra","family":"Bseiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badriyah S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa A. A.","family":"Aljabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alqudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00854-4","volume":"21:2","author":"JJ Rudbaek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rudbaek, J. J., Agrawal, M., Torres, J., Mehandru, S., Colombel, J. F., & Jess, T. (2023). Deciphering the different phases of preclinical inflammatory bowel disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2023, 21:2(2), 86\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-023-00854-4. 21.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"5434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30300-9\/ASSET\/955B0F55-F5E8-499E-97A1-64B8B435B96B\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR2.SML","volume":"5","author":"KM Fairbrass","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fairbrass, K. M., Costantino, S. J., Gracie, D. J., & Ford, A. C. (2020). Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(12), 1053\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30300-9\/ASSET\/955B0F55-F5E8-499E-97A1-64B8B435B96B\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR2.SML","journal-title":"The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5434_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2017.02.013","volume":"16","author":"JH Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park, J. H., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Eisenhut, M., Shin, J., & Il (2017). IBD immunopathogenesis: A comprehensive review of inflammatory molecules. Autoimmunity Reviews, 16(4), 416\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AUTREV.2017.02.013","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"5434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5009\/GNL16308","volume":"11","author":"KH Katsanos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsanos, K. H., & Papadakis, K. A. (2017). Inflammatory bowel disease: Updates on molecular targets for biologics. Gut and Liver, 11(4), 455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5009\/GNL16308","journal-title":"Gut and Liver"},{"issue":"9","key":"5434_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000477","volume":"21","author":"G Fonseca-Camarillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fonseca-Camarillo, G., & Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K. (2015). Immunoregulatory pathways involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21(9), 2188\u20132193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000477","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"key":"5434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17568919.2024.2385298","author":"A Alqudah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alqudah, A., Qnais, E., Abu-Safieh, K., Gammoh, O., Bseiso, Y., Wedyan, M., & Alotaibi, B. S. (2024). Therapeutic potential of a novel pyrazolyl-pyridine derivative in the treatment of experimental colitis. Future Medicinal Chemistry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17568919.2024.2385298","journal-title":"Future Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"5434_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10753-024-02048-9","author":"A Alqudah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alqudah, A., Qnais, E., Gammoh, O., Bseiso, Y., Wedyan, M., Alqudah, M., Aljabali, A. A. A., & Tambuwala, M. (2024). Exploring scopoletin\u2019s therapeutic efficacy in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: Insights into inflammatory pathways, immune modulation, and microbial dynamics. Inflammation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10753-024-02048-9","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"5434_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/S10787-024-01449-4\/FIGURES\/7","volume":"32","author":"A Alqudah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alqudah, A., Qnais, E., Gammoh, O., Bseiso, Y., Wedyan, M., Alqudah, M., & Abdalla, S. S (2024). Exploring the therapeutic potential of anastatica hierochuntica essential oil in DSS-induced colitis. Inflammopharmacology, 32(3), 2035\u20132048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10787-024-01449-4\/FIGURES\/7","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"5434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765474","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2021.765474\/BIBTEX","volume":"8","author":"Z Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai, Z., Wang, S., & Li, J. (2021). Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 765474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMED.2021.765474\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"5434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/CTS.12767","volume":"13","author":"H Aghamiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aghamiri, H., Shafaroodi, H., & Asgarpanah, J. (2020). Anticonvulsant activity of essential oil from leaves of Zhumeria Majdae (Rech.) in mice: The role of GABAA neurotransmission and the nitric oxide pathway. Clinical and Translational Science, 13(4), 785\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CTS.12767","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Science"},{"key":"5434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115788","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2023.115788","volume":"168","author":"Y A\u00e7ar","year":"2023","unstructured":"A\u00e7ar, Y., A\u011fag\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D., De Cicco, P., & Capasso, R. (2023). Flavonoids: Their putative neurologic roles, epigenetic changes, and gut microbiota alterations in parkinson\u2019s disease. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 168, 115788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOPHA.2023.115788","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"5434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHRS.2022.106250","volume":"181","author":"I Cerqua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cerqua, I., Neukirch, K., Terlizzi, M., Granato, E., Caiazzo, E., Cicala, C., & Rossi, A. (2022). A vitamin E long-chain metabolite and the inspired drug candidate \u03b1-amplexichromanol relieve asthma features in an experimental model of allergen sensitization. Pharmacological Research, 181, Article 106250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PHRS.2022.106250","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"5434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209000116","volume":"27","author":"HS Kim","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kim, H. S., & Berstad, A. (1992). Experimental colitis in animal models. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 27(7), 529\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365529209000116","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5434_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2014.18.4.279","volume":"18","author":"PK Randhawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Randhawa, P. K., Singh, K., Singh, N., & Jaggi, A. S. (2014). A review on chemical-induced inflammatory bowel disease models in rodents. Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 18(4), 279\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4196\/kjpp.2014.18.4.279","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.70.e107237","volume":"70","author":"E Qnais","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qnais, E., Alqudah, A., Wedyan, M., AthamnehR. Y., Bseiso, Y., Abudalo, R., & Gammoh, O. (2023). Potential anti-inflammatory activity of the tamarix aphylla essential oil. Pharmacia, 70(3), 707\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/pharmacia.70.e107237","journal-title":"Pharmacia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEP.2011.02.007","volume":"137","author":"M Alzweiri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alzweiri, M., Sarhan, A., Al, Mansi, K., Hudaib, M., & Aburjai, T. (2011). Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Northern badia region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JEP.2011.02.007","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/PLANTS11010118","volume":"11","author":"SA Alshehri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshehri, S. A., Wahab, S., Abullais, S. S., Das, G., Hani, U., Ahmad, W., Amir, M., Ahmad, A., Kandasamy, G., & Vasudevan, R. (2021). Pharmacological efficacy of Tamarix aphylla: A comprehensive review. Plants, 11(1), Article 118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PLANTS11010118","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"MAR","key":"5434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78827","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2014.00118\/BIBTEX","volume":"5","author":"LM Redondo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redondo, L. M., Chacana, P. A., Dominguez, J. E., & Fernandez Miyakawa, M. E. (2014). Perspectives in the use of tannins as alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter factors in poultry. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5(MAR), 78827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2014.00118\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/S11101-018-9591-Z","volume":"18","author":"I G\u00f3rniak","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00f3rniak, I., Bartoszewski, R., & Kr\u00f3liczewski, J. (2018). Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 2018 18: 1, 18(1), 241\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11101-018-9591-Z","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Reviews 2018 18: 1"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"5434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453561","DOI":"10.3389\/FMICB.2019.00911\/BIBTEX","volume":"10","author":"L Othman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Othman, L., Sleiman, A., & Abdel-Massih, R. M. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and alkaloids in middle Eastern plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10(MAY), 453561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FMICB.2019.00911\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"5434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AMSU.2016.07.019","volume":"11","author":"E Antoniou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antoniou, E., Margonis, G. A., Angelou, A., Pikouli, A., Argiri, P., Karavokyros, I., Papalois, Apostolos, & Pikoulis, E. (2016). The TNBS-induced colitis animal model: An overview. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 11, 9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AMSU.2016.07.019","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1365-2249.2001.01539.X","volume":"125","author":"A Dasgupta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dasgupta, A., Kesari, K. V., Ramaswamy, K. K., Amenta, P. S., & Das, K. M. (2001). Oral administration of unmodified colonic but not small intestinal antigens protects rats from hapten-induced colitis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 125(1), 41\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1365-2249.2001.01539.X","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8718","volume":"20","author":"L Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Shen, H., Gu, P., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Cheng, J. (2020). Baicalin alleviates TNBS\u2013induced colitis by inhibiting PI3K\/AKT pathway activation. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(1), 581\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2020.8718","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"5434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7479540","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7479540","volume":"2021(1)","author":"Z Baydi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baydi, Z., Limami, Y., Khalki, L., Zaid, N., Naya, A., Mtairag, E. M., & Zaid, Y. (2021). An update of research animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. The Scientific World Journal, 2021(1), 7479540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/7479540","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"5434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115595","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JEP.2022.115595","volume":"298","author":"A Farid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farid, A., Sheibani, M., Shojaii, A., Noori, M., & Motevalian, M. (2022). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and seed extracts of Plantago major on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 298, 115595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JEP.2022.115595","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"5434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INTIMP.2024.112158","volume":"133","author":"A Mohammadgholi-Beiki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammadgholi-Beiki, A., Sheibani, M., Jafari-Sabet, M., Motevalian, M., & Rahimi-Moghaddam, P. (2024). Anti-inflammatory and protective effects of Aripiprazole on TNBS-induced colitis and associated depression in rats: Role of kynurenine pathway. International Immunopharmacology, 133, Article 112158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INTIMP.2024.112158","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIPS.2016.10.014","volume":"38","author":"M Coskun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coskun, M., Vermeire, S., & Nielsen, O. H. (2017). Novel targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 38(2), 127\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TIPS.2016.10.014","journal-title":"Trends in Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"5434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pawar, P., Gilda, S., Sharma, S., Jagtap, S., Paradkar, A., Mahadik, K., \u2026 Harsulkar,A. (2011). Rectal gel application of Withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in TNBS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6882-11-34\/FIGURES\/3.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-34\/FIGURES\/3"},{"key":"5434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Almatroodi, S. A., Khan, A. A., Aloliqi, A. A., Syed, M. A., & Rahmani, A. H. (2022). Therapeutic Potential of Tamarix aphylla in the Prevention of Lung Injury through the Regulation of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cell-Signaling Molecules. Applied Sciences 12(19), 9925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/APP12199925","DOI":"10.3390\/APP12199925"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12906-024-04359-8\/FIGURES\/7","volume":"24","author":"N Fayez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fayez, N., Khalil, W., Abdel-Sattar, E., & Abdel-Fattah, A. F. M. (2024). Involvement of TNF\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, COX-2 And NO in the Anti-inflammatory activity of tamarix aphylla in Wistar albino rats: An in-vivo And in-vitro study. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12906-024-04359-8\/FIGURES\/7","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"},{"issue":"11","key":"5434_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.171.11.6164","volume":"171","author":"M Bruewer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruewer, M., Luegering, A., Kucharzik, T., Parkos, C. A., Madara, J. L., Hopkins, A. M., & Nusrat, A. (2003). Proinflammatory cytokines disrupt epithelial barrier function by apoptosis-independent mechanisms. The Journal of Immunology, 171(11), 6164\u20136172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/JIMMUNOL.171.11.6164","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"5434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154006","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHYMED.2022.154006","volume":"99","author":"YP Fu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fu, Y. P., Yuan, H., Xu, Y., Liu, R. M., Luo, Y., & Xiao, J. H. (2022). Protective effects of ligularia fischeri root extracts against ulcerative colitis in mice through activation of Bcl-2\/Bax signalings. Phytomedicine, 99, 154006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PHYMED.2022.154006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"5434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLMED.2014.09.006\/ASSET\/16585EDC-3B95-46CE-BD39-3A5B45A4E1BA\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR5.SML","volume":"20","author":"J Pedersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pedersen, J., LaCasse, E. C., Seidelin, J. B., Coskun, M., & Nielsen, O. H. (2014). Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) regulate intestinal immunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) inflammation. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 20(11), 652\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MOLMED.2014.09.006\/ASSET\/16585EDC-3B95-46CE-BD39-3A5B45A4E1BA\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR5.SML","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1096\/FJ.04-2073FJE","volume":"19","author":"GH Waetzig","year":"2005","unstructured":"Waetzig, G. H., Rosenstiel, P., Arlt, A., Till, A., Br\u00e4utigam, K., Sch\u00e4fer, H., & Schreiber, S. (2005). Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 induces apoptosis via reverse TNF signaling and autocrine transforming growth factor-\u03b21. The FASEB Journal, 19(1), 91\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/FJ.04-2073FJE","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"5434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.06.033","volume":"138","author":"M Akdis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akdis, M., Aab, A., Altunbulakli, C., Azkur, K., Costa, R. A., Crameri, R., Duan, Su., Eiwegger, Thomas, Eljaszewicz, Andrzej, Ferstl, Ruth, Frei, Remo, Garbani, Mattia, Globinska, Anna, Hess, Lena, Huitema, Carly, Kubo, Terufumi, Komlosi, Zsolt, Konieczna, Patricia, Kovacs, Nora, \u2026 Akdis, C. A. (2016). Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor \u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 138(4), 984\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JACI.2016.06.033","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7310021","volume":"16:2","author":"EY Chung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chung, E. Y., Sun, J. K., & Xiao, J. M. (2006). Regulation of cytokine production during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Cell Research 2006, 16:2(2), 154\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cr.7310021. 16.","journal-title":"Cell Research 2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"5434_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2008.01953.X","volume":"263","author":"I Atreya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atreya, I., Atreya, R., & Neurath, M. F. (2008). NF-\u03baB in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Internal Medicine, 263(6), 591\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2008.01953.X","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"5434_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zou, T., Rao, J. N., Guo, X., Liu, L., Zhang, H. M., Strauch, E. D., \u2026 Wang, J. Y.(2004). NF-\u03baB-mediated IAP expression induces resistance of intestinal epithelial cells to apoptosis after polyamine depletion. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, 286(5 55\u2009\u2013\u20095). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/AJPCELL.00480.2003\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/ZH00050419170008.JPEG.","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPCELL.00480.2003\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/ZH00050419170008.JPEG"},{"issue":"5","key":"5434_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1751-2980.2011.00525.X","volume":"12","author":"YJ Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng, Y. J., & Li, Y. Y. (2011). The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Digestive Diseases, 12(5), 327\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1751-2980.2011.00525.X","journal-title":"Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3390\/CANCERS2020483","volume":"2","author":"I Bellezza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bellezza, I., Mierla, A. L., & Minelli, A. (2010). Nrf2 and NF-?B and their concerted modulation in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Cancers 2010, 2(2), 483\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CANCERS2020483. 2.","journal-title":"Cancers 2010"},{"issue":"7","key":"5434_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/EXD.13350","volume":"26","author":"OA Arowojolu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arowojolu, O. A., Orlow, S. J., Elbuluk, N., & Manga, P. (2017). The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) antioxidant response promotes melanocyte viability and reduces toxicity of the vitiligo-inducing phenol monobenzone. Experimental Dermatology, 26(7), 637\u2013644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EXD.13350","journal-title":"Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"33","key":"5434_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.3748\/WJG.V16.I33.4145","volume":"16","author":"SK Hegazy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hegazy, S. K., & El-Bedewy, M. M. (2010). Effect of probiotics on pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-\u03baB activation in ulcerative colitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 16(33), 4145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/WJG.V16.I33.4145","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBCAN.2006.02.001","volume":"1766","author":"SK Radhakrishnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan, S. K., & Kamalakaran, S. (2006). Pro-apoptotic role of NF-\u03baB: Implications for cancer therapy. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, 1766(1), 53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBCAN.2006.02.001","journal-title":"Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"5434_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOM11101444","volume":"11","author":"RH Whitaker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whitaker, R. H., & Cook, J. G. (2021). Stress relief techniques: P38 MAPK determines the balance of cell cycle and apoptosis pathways. Biomolecules, 11(10), Article 1444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOM11101444","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"5434_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.2337\/DIABETES.50.6.1472","volume":"50","author":"H Nakagami","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakagami, H., Morishita, R., Yamamoto, K., Yoshimura, S. I., Taniyama, Y., Aoki, M., Matsubara, Hiroaki, Kim, Shokei, Kaneda, Yasufumi, & Ogihara, T. (2001). Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase downstream of Bax-caspase-3 pathway leads to cell death induced by high d-glucose in human endothelial cells. Diabetes, 50(6), 1472\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/DIABETES.50.6.1472","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/S10753-020-01353-3\/FIGURES\/7","volume":"44","author":"M Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo, M., & Luo, Y. (2021). Imperatorin relieved ulcerative colitis by regulating the Nrf2 \/ARE\/HO-1 pathway in rats. Inflammation, 44(2), 558\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10753-020-01353-3\/FIGURES\/7","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"9","key":"5434_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/KJM2.12400","volume":"37","author":"LH Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, L. H., Liu, J. Y., Yin, J., & Bin (2021). Eriodictyol attenuates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis through repressing TLR4\/NF-kB signaling pathway in rats. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 37(9), 812\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/KJM2.12400","journal-title":"The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"5434_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LFS.2021.119878","volume":"284","author":"OI Oluranti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oluranti, O. I., Alabi, B. A., Michael, O. S., Ojo, A. O., & Fatokun, B. P. (2021). Rutin prevents cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation induced by bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate exposure via NRF2 \/NF-\u03baB pathway. Life Sciences, 284, Article 119878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.LFS.2021.119878","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"5434_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIV.2012.12.012","volume":"27","author":"CH Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang, C. H., Jayasooriya, R. G. P. T., Choi, Y. H., Moon, S. K., Kim, W. J., & Kim, G. Y. (2013). \u0392-Ionone attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE2 and TNF-\u03b1 in BV2 microglial cells via suppression of the NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathway. Toxicology In Vitro, 27(2), 782\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TIV.2012.12.012","journal-title":"Toxicology In Vitro"},{"key":"5434_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2024.2415349","author":"GS Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar, G. S., Sholapuri, P., & Shaily Enugonda, K. D., M.,B. P, G (2024). In vivo and in Silico anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia vulgaris and \u03b2-caryophyllene oxide in carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01480545.2024.2415349","journal-title":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"5434_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scandiffio, R., Geddo, F., Cottone, E., Querio, G., Antoniotti, S., Pia Gallo, M.,\u2026 Bovolin, P. (2020). Protective Effects of (E)-\u03b2-Caryophyllene (BCP) in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 12(11), 3273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU12113273.","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12113273"},{"issue":"3","key":"5434_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJPHAR.2004.06.006","volume":"497","author":"AT Peana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peana, A. T., De Montis, G., Sechi, M., Sircana, S., D\u2019Aquila, G., P. S., & Pippia, P. (2004). Effects of (\u2013)-linalool in the acute hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, l-glutamate and prostaglandin E2. European Journal of Pharmacology, 497(3), 279\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJPHAR.2004.06.006","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5434_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12883-016-0541-3\/TABLES\/3","volume":"16","author":"GH Seol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seol, G. H., Kang, P., Lee, H. S., & Seol, G. H. (2016). Antioxidant activity of Linalool in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMC Neurology, 16(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12883-016-0541-3\/TABLES\/3","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:03:50Z","timestamp":1773777830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05434-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animal experimental procedures were approved by the animal ethics committee at the Hashemite University (IRB number: 50\/3\/2024\/2025), and were in accordance with the guidelines of the US National Institutes of Health on the use and care of laboratory animals, and with the Animal Research: Reporting of in Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines\n                      .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}