{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:38:21Z","timestamp":1790455101159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008789","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Jagadish Chandra Bose Research Fellowship Award under Research Fellowship Award (RFA) (Sanction No. & Date: 230\/STBT\u201412014\/22\/2021WBSCST SEC Dept. of STBT; 26.04.2022)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Jagadish Chandra Bose Research Fellowship Award under Research Fellowship Award (RFA) (Sanction No. & Date: 230\/STBT\u201412014\/22\/2021WBSCST SEC Dept. of STBT; 26.04.2022)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:21:45Z","timestamp":1762503705000},"page":"226-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metabolomic Based Insight Reveals a few Metabolites at Various Germination Stages of Black Rice, Demonstrating Potential Efficacy Against Dementia and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Anindita","family":"Hazra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muddasarul","family":"Hoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Jethwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achintya","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susmita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"5471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12928","volume":"19","author":"J Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, J., Meijer, E., Langa, K. M., Ganguli, M., Varghese, M., Banerjee, J., & Dey, A. B. (2023). Prevalence of dementia in india: National and state estimates from a nationwide study. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia, 19(7), 2898\u20132912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12928","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"4","key":"5471_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12638","volume":"18","author":"J Gaugler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gaugler, J., James, B., Johnson, T., Reimer, J., Solis, M., Weuve, J., & Hohman, T. J. (2022). Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia, 18(4), 700\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12638","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"5471_CR3","unstructured":"WHO Dementia Factsheet (2025). https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia"},{"issue":"6","key":"5471_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050101","volume":"249","author":"H F\u00f6rstl","year":"1999","unstructured":"F\u00f6rstl, H., & Kurz, A. (1999). Clinical features of alzheimer\u2019s disease. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 249(6), 288\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004060050101","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5530\/fra.2021.1.3","volume":"11","author":"M Debnath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debnath, M., Das, S., Bhowmick, S., Karak, S., Saha, A., & De, B. (2021). Anti-Alzheimer\u2019s potential of different varieties of Piper Betle leaves and molecular docking analyses of metabolite. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 11(1), 13\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5530\/fra.2021.1.3","journal-title":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215200","volume":"86","author":"J Schaffert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaffert, J., Lo Bue, C., Hynan, L. S., HartJr, J., Rossetti, H., & Carlew, A. R., & Cullum C. M. (2022). Predictors of life expectancy in Autopsy-Confirmed alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 86(1), 271\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-215200","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimers Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"5471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061816","volume":"27","author":"ZR Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Z. R., Huang, J. B., Yang, S. L., & Hong, F. F. (2022). Role of cholinergic signalling in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Molecules, 27(6), 1816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27061816","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"5471_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02538-y","volume":"93","author":"M Simunkova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simunkova, M., Alwasel, S. H., Alhazza, I. M., Jomova, K., Kollar, V., Rusko, & Valko, M. (2019). Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Archives of Toxicology, 93(9), 2491\u20132513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-019-02538-y","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5471_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031273","volume":"22","author":"RA Bekdash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bekdash, R. A. (2021). The cholinergic system, the adrenergic system and the neuropathology of alzheimer\u2019s disease. International Journal of Molecular Science, 22(3), 1273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22031273","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"5471_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/1771","volume":"12","author":"S Upadhyaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Upadhyaya, S., Gangachannaiah, S., & Lakshmi Chandrashekar, P. (2019). Effect of Piper betel leaf extract on learning and memory in aluminium chloride induced alzheimer\u2019s disease in wistar rats. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 12(3), 1425\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13005\/bpj\/1771","journal-title":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5471_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2004.08.152","volume":"1054","author":"MT Escribano-Bail\u00f3n","year":"2004","unstructured":"Escribano-Bail\u00f3n, M. T., Santos-Buelga, C., & &-Gonzalo, J. C. (2004). Anthocyanins in cereals. Journal of Chromatography A, 1054(1\u20132), 129\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2004.08.152","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"33","key":"5471_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7976","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401937b","volume":"61","author":"G Pereira-Caro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereira-Caro, G., Cros, G., Yokota, T., & Crozier, A. (2013). Phytochemical profiles of black, red, brown, and white rice from the Camargue region of France. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(33), 7976\u20137986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf401937b","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5471_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1312","volume":"14","author":"W Pannangrong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pannangrong, W., Wattanathorn, J., Muchimapura, S., Tiamkao, S., & Tong-Un, T. (2011). Purple rice berry is neuroprotective and enhances cognition in a rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(7\u20138), 688\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2010.1312","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Food"},{"issue":"3","key":"5471_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/jsf2.185","volume":"4","author":"A Hazra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hazra, A., & Das, S. (2024). The molecular and metabolic events behind different germination stages of rice seeds: A metabolomics perspective. JSFA Reports, 4(3), 118\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsf2.185","journal-title":"JSFA Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153684","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/153684","volume":"2015","author":"NH Azmi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azmi, N. H., Ismail, M., Ismail, N., Imam, M. U., Alitheen, N. B. M., & Abdullah, M. A. (2015). Germinated brown rice alters A\u03b2 (1-42) aggregation and modulates alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2010Related genes in differentiated human SH\u2010SY5Y cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015(1), 153684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/153684","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR16","first-page":"49","volume":"39","author":"G Pramoolsilpa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pramoolsilpa, G., Nudmamud-Thanoi, S., & &Khongsombat, O. (2017). The neuroprotective effects of germinated black glutinous rice diet on A\u03b225\u201335 peptide induced learning and memory deficits in male rats. Thai Journal of Pharmacology, 39(1), 49\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/0000-0002-1493-9487","journal-title":"Thai Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"5471_CR17","unstructured":"Sadasivam, S., & Manickam, A. (1992). Biochemical methods for agricultural sciences. Wiley eastern limited."},{"issue":"3","key":"5471_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(02)00423-5","volume":"81","author":"DO Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, D. O., Jeong, S. W., & Lee, C. Y. (2003). Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chemistry, 81(3), 321\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0308-8146(02)00423-5","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5471_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","volume":"269","author":"P Prieto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prieto, P., Pineda, M., & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2), 337\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"5471_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1021\/np0100845","volume":"64","author":"A Braca","year":"2001","unstructured":"Braca, A., Tommasi, N., De, Bari, L., Di, Pizza, C., Politi, M., & Morelli, I. (2001). Antioxidant principles from bauhinia tarapotensis. Journal of Natural Products, 64(7), 892\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/np0100845","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","volume":"44","author":"C Beauchamp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44(1), 276\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5471_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","volume":"7","author":"GL Ellman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., AndresJr, V., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"24","key":"5471_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10038","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9019522","volume":"81","author":"T Kind","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kind, T., Wohlgemuth, G., Lee, D. Y., Lu, Y., Palazoglu, M., Shahbaz, S., & Fiehn, O. (2009). Fiehnlib: Mass spectral and retention index libraries for metabolomics based on quadrupole and time-of-flight gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 81(24), 10038\u201310048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac9019522","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"5471_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-015-2581-0","volume":"242","author":"S Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das, S., Dutta, M., Chaudhury, K., & De, B. (2016). Metabolomic and chemometric study of achras sapota L. fruit extracts for identification of metabolites contributing to the inhibition of \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase. European Food Research and Technology, 242(5), 733\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00217-015-2581-0","journal-title":"European Food Research and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5471_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","volume":"31","author":"O Trott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trott, O., & Olson, A. J. (2010). AutoDock vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. Journal Of Computational Chemistry, 31(2), 455\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.21334","journal-title":"Journal Of Computational Chemistry"},{"issue":"33","key":"5471_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33","volume":"3","author":"NM O\u2019Boyle","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Boyle, N. M., Banck, M., James, C. A., Morley, C., Vandermeersch, T., & Hutchison,G. R (2011). Open babel: An open chemical toolbox. Journal of Cheminformatics, 3(33), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33","journal-title":"Journal of Cheminformatics"},{"key":"5471_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19","volume":"1263","author":"S Dallakyan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dallakyan, S., & Olson, A. J. (2015). Small-molecule library screening by Docking with pyrx\u2019. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1263, 243\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14232","DOI":"10.2196\/14232","volume":"1","author":"SS Butt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butt, S. S., Badshah, Y., Shabbir, M., & Rafiq, M. (2020). Molecular Docking using chimera and Autodockvina software for nonbioinformaticians. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, 1(1), e14232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14232","journal-title":"JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology"},{"key":"5471_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, K. J., Chow, E., Xu, H., Dror, R. O., Eastwood, M. P., Gregersen, B. A., & Shaw, D. E. (2006). Scalable algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations on commodity clusters. In Proceedings of the 2006 ACM\/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing,\u00a084-es.","DOI":"10.1145\/1188455.1188544"},{"issue":"7","key":"5471_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.9.7.1055","volume":"9","author":"JD Bewley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bewley, J. D. (1997). Seed germination and dormancy. The Plant Cell, 9(7), 1055\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1105\/tpc.9.7.1055","journal-title":"The Plant Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"5471_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2014.965700","volume":"30","author":"SBO Sarikaya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarikaya, S. B. O. (2015). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and antioxidant properties of pyrogallol. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 30(5), 761\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14756366.2014.965700","journal-title":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"5471_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122476","volume":"14","author":"G Budryn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Budryn, G., Majak, I., Grzelczyk, J., Szwajgier, D., Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez, A., & P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, H. (2022). Hydroxybenzoic acids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Calorimetric and docking simulation studies. Nutrients, 14(12), Article 2476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14122476","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5471_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gocer, H, Topal, F, Topal, M, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, M, Teke, D, G\u00fcl\u00e7in, \u0130., & Supuran, C. T. (2016). Acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II inhibition profiles of taxifolin. Journal of Enzyme inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 31(3), 441\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14756366.2015.1036051","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2015.1036051"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170016","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2017-0016","volume":"15","author":"OM Agunloye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agunloye, O. M., & Oboh, G. (2018). Modulatory effect of caffeic acid on cholinesterases inhibitory properties of donepezil. Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine, 15(1), 20170016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jcim-2017-0016","journal-title":"Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"5471_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2174\/1570180814666170421181517","volume":"14","author":"T Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, T., Pan, W., Wang, K., Liu, W., Ma, Q., & Sang, Z. (2017). Novel ferulic Acid-donepezil hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of alzheimer\u2019s disease with Butyrylcholinesterase, Amyloid-\u03b2, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 14(8), 918\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570180814666170421181517","journal-title":"Letters in Drug Design & Discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2019.1634741","volume":"57","author":"TA Olasehinde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olasehinde, T. A., Olaniran, A. O., & Okoh, A. I. (2019). Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, anticholinesterase potential and modulatory effects of aqueous extracts of some seaweeds on \u03b2-amyloid aggregation and disaggregation. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 460\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13880209.2019.1634741","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"5471_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2014.999236","volume":"30","author":"A Scozzafava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scozzafava, A., Kal\u0131n, P., Supuran, C. T., G\u00fcl\u00e7in, \u0130, & Alwasel, S. H. (2015). The impact of hydroquinone on acetylcholine esterase and certain human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I, II, IX, and XII). Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 30(6), 941\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14756366.2014.999236","journal-title":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5471_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(89)90026-5","volume":"31","author":"M Naczk","year":"1989","unstructured":"Naczk, M., & Shahidi, F. (1989). The effect of methanol-ammonia-water treatment on the content of phenolic acids of canola. Food Chemistry, 31(2), 159\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0308-8146(89)90026-5","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"5471_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.04.024","volume":"161","author":"H Ti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ti, H., Zhang, R., Zhang, M., Li, Q., Wei, Z., Zhang, Y., Tang, X., Deng, Y., Liu, L., & Ma, Y. (2014). Dynamic changes in the free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of brown rice at different germination stages. Food Chemistry, 161, 337\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.04.024","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"5471_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031035","volume":"28","author":"LB Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silva, L. B., Ferreira, E. F. B., Maryam, Espejo-Rom\u00e1n, J. M., Costa, G. V., Cruz, J. V., Kimani, N. M., Costa, J. S., Bittencourt, J. A. H., M, Cruz, J. N., Campos, J. M., & Santos, C. B. R. (2023). Galantamine based novel acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors: A molecular modelling design approach. Molecules, 28(3), 1035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28031035","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"15","key":"5471_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00712a012","volume":"13","author":"TL Rosenberry","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rosenberry, T. L., Chen, Y. T., & Bock, E. (1974). Structure of 11S acetylcholinesterase. Subunit composition. Biochem, 13(15), 3068\u20133079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi00712a012","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"5471_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.01.017","volume":"64","author":"GD Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson, G. D., & Saneto, R. P. (2012). Current oral and non-oral routes of antiepileptic drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 64(10), 911\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2012.01.017","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"5471_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0492002","volume":"48","author":"YC Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin, Y. C. (2005). A bioavailability score. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 48(9), 3164\u20133170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm0492002","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"5471_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boussery, K., Belpaire, F. M., & Van de Voorde, J. (2008). Physiological aspects determining the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. In The practice of Med. Chem,\u00a0635\u2013654. Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-417205-0.00023-7","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417205-0.00023-7"},{"key":"5471_CR45","unstructured":"Dotiwala, A. K., McCausland, C., & Samra, N. S. (2018). Anatomy, head and neck,\u00a0blood brain barrier."},{"key":"5471_CR46","unstructured":"Gilani, B., & Cassagnol, M. (2023). Biochemistry, cytochrome P450."},{"key":"5471_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"DTI-S12519","DOI":"10.4137\/DTI.S12519","volume":"7","author":"ML Amin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amin, M. L. (2013). P-glycoprotein Inhibition for optimal drug delivery. Drug Target Insights, 7, DTI-S12519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/DTI.S12519","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"},{"issue":"4","key":"5471_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.06.015","volume":"10","author":"MV Varma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varma, M. V., Perumal, O. P., & Panchagnula, R. (2006). Functional role of P-glycoprotein in limiting peroral drug absorption: Optimizing drug delivery. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 10(4), 367\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.06.015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chas.0c00096","volume":"28","author":"K Morris-Schaffer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morris-Schaffer, K., & McCoy, M. J. (2020). A review of the LD50 and its current role in hazard communication. ACS Chemical Health & Safety, 28(1), 25\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chas.0c00096","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"5471_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2230-6","volume":"181","author":"H Dong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dong, H., Csernansky, C. A., Martin, M. V., Bertchume, A., Vallera, D., & Csernansky, J. G. (2005). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ameliorate behavioral deficits in the Tg2576 mouse model of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Psychopharmacology, 181(1), 145\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-005-2230-6","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"5471_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300761","volume":"30","author":"JG Csernansky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Csernansky, J. G., Martin, M., Shah, R., Bertchume, A., Colvin, J., & Dong, H. (2005). Cholinesterase inhibitors ameliorate behavioral deficits induced by MK-801in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(12), 2135\u20132143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300761","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T04:04:50Z","timestamp":1770869090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05471-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}