{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:41:55Z","timestamp":1787863315392,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T03:14:50Z","timestamp":1767496490000},"page":"1409-1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Salidroside Mitigates Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Modulation of the PVT1\/miR-384-5p Regulatory Axis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Yunze","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanzhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154675","volume":"248","author":"KJ Baljon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baljon, K. J., Ramaiah, P., Saleh, E. A. M., Al-Dolaimy, F., Al-Dami, F. H., Gandla, K., Alkhafaji, A. T., Abbas, A. H. R., Alsaalamy, A. H., & Bisht, Y. S. (2023). LncRNA PVT1: As a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Pathology, Research and Practice, 248, 154675.","journal-title":"Pathology, Research and Practice"},{"key":"5515_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5732","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.60257","volume":"12","author":"Y Bi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi, Y., Ji, J., & Zhou, Y. (2021). LncRNA-PVT1 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes angiogenesis via activating the HNF1B\/EMT axis in glioma. Journal of Cancer, 12, 5732\u20135744.","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"5515_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bohosova J, Kubickova A, Slaby O. (2021). lncRNA PVT1 in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules, 11(5), 664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11050664","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050664"},{"key":"5515_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Liu, R., Cai, W., Jiang, L., Chen, K., Shi, J., Lou, J., Yu, L., Wu, C., Yang, L., Zhou, K., & Ni,W. (2025). Davunetide promotes structural and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord bypromoting autophagy. Neural regeneration research.\u00a0Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00154","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00154"},{"key":"5515_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00943-7","volume":"44","author":"JH DeLong","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeLong, J. H., Ohashi, S. N., O\u2019Connor, K. C., & Sansing, L. H. (2022). Inflammatory responses after ischemic stroke. Seminars in Immunopathology, 44, 625\u2013648.","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"key":"5515_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-020-00304-4","volume":"53","author":"Z Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, Z., Ou, H., Ren, F., Guan, Y., Huan, Y., Cai, H., & Sun, B. (2020). LncRNA SNHG14 promotes OGD\/R-induced neuron injury by inducing excessive mitophagy via miR-182-5p\/BINP3 axis in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Biological Research, 53, 38.","journal-title":"Biological Research"},{"key":"5515_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000503950","volume":"49","author":"J Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan, J., Xu, W., Nan, S., Chang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2020). MicroRNA-384-5p promotes endothelial progenitor cell proliferation and angiogenesis in cerebral ischemic stroke through the Delta-Likeligand 4-Mediated Notch signaling pathway. Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 49, 39\u201354.","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"5515_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110458","volume":"129","author":"F Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan, F., Yang, L., Li, R., Zou, X., Li, N., Meng, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Salidroside as A potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: A review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 129, 110458.","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"5515_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00694-9","volume":"25","author":"J Ferrer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferrer, J., & Dimitrova, N. (2024). Transcription regulation by long non-coding rnas: Mechanisms and disease relevance. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 25, 396\u2013415.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"5515_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.07.027","volume":"134","author":"SK Feske","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feske, S. K. (2021). Ischemic stroke. American Journal of Medicine, 134, 1457\u20131464.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"5515_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, L. H., Wan, Y., Qi, C., He, J., Li, C., Yang, C., Xu, H., Lin, J., & Huang, P. (2021). Nanocatalytic theranostics with glutathione depletion and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation for efficient cancer therapy. Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 33, e2006892.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202006892"},{"key":"5515_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Li, J., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Liu, H., Li, P., Zhang, Y., Lin, C., & Fan, Z. (2021). LncRNA PVT1 knockdown alleviated ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis by miR-153-3p\/GRB2 axis via ERK\/p38 pathway (Vol. 31, pp. 3508\u20133521). NMCD.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.08.031"},{"key":"5515_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23093","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23093","volume":"36","author":"S Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, S., Yang, Y., Qian, W., Yao, Y., Zhou, G., Shen, L., & Zhou, J. (2022). MicroRNA-384-5p protects against cardiac hypertrophy via the ALPK3 signaling pathway. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 36, e23093.","journal-title":"Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"},{"key":"5515_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00863-5","volume":"13","author":"B Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, B., Jiang, W., Cui, P., Zheng, K., Dang, C., Wang, J., Li, H., Chen, L., Zhang, R., Wang, Q. M., Ju, Z., & Hao, J. (2021). Microglial PGC-1\u03b1 protects against ischemic brain injury by suppressing neuroinflammation. Genome Medicine, 13, 47.","journal-title":"Genome Medicine"},{"key":"5515_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.06.005","volume":"70","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Lam, S. M., Zhang, S., Miao, H., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhou, T., Feng, H., Ding, N., & Wang, H. (2025). CSF multi-omics of intracerebral hemorrhage from onset to reperfusion underscores lipid metabolism in functional outcome. Science Bulletin, 70, 162\u2013166.","journal-title":"Science Bulletin"},{"key":"5515_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kimura, T., Horikoshi, Y., Kuriyagawa, C., & Niiyama, Y. (2021). Rho\/ROCK pathway and noncoding rnas: Implications in ischemic stroke and spinal cord injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(21), 11573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222111573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111573"},{"key":"5515_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155635","volume":"129","author":"Z Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan, Z., Tan, F., He, J., Liu, J., Lu, M., Hu, Z., Zhuo, Y., Liu, J., Tang, X., & Jiang, Z. (2024). Curcumin-primed olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigate cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury-induced neuronal PANoptosis by modulating microglial polarization. Phytomedicine, 129, 155635.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5515_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400314","volume":"390","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, S., Gu, H. Q., Li, H., Wang, X., Jin, A., Guo, S., Lu, G., Che, F., Wang, W., Wei, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Meng, X., Zhao, X., Liu, L., & Wang, Y. (2024). Reteplase versus Alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. New England Journal of Medicine, 390, 2264\u20132273.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"5515_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1081-0","volume":"15","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, X., Wen, S., Yan, F., Liu, K., Liu, L., Wang, L., Zhao, S., & Ji, X. (2018). Salidroside provides neuroprotection by modulating microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia. J Neuroinflammation, 15, 39.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5515_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118305","volume":"260","author":"J Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu, J., Xu, F., & Lu, H. (2020). LncRNA PVT1 regulates ferroptosis through miR-214-mediated TFR1 and p53. Life Sciences, 260, 118305.","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"5515_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S303151","volume":"14","author":"B Qin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qin, B., & Cao, X. (2021). LncRNA PVT1 regulates high Glucose-Induced Viability, oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via miR-325-3p\/Snail1 axis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 14, 1741\u20131750.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"5515_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113170","volume":"231","author":"H Shan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shan, H., Li, X., Ouyang, C., Ke, H., Yu, X., Tan, J., Chen, J., Wang, C., Zhang, L., Tang, Y., Yu, L., & Li, W. (2022). Salidroside prevents PM2.5-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis via SIRT1-dependent regulation of ROS and mitochondrial function. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 231, 113170.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"5515_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.05.052","volume":"738","author":"Z Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan, Z., Li, X., Turner, R. C., Logsdon, A. F., Lucke-Wold, B., DiPasquale, K., Jeong, S. S., Chen, R., Huber, J. D., & Rosen, C. L. (2014). Combination treatment of r-tPA and an optimized human apyrase reduces mortality rate and hemorrhagic transformation 6\u00a0h after ischemic stroke in aged female rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 738, 368\u2013373.","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"5515_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.20517\/2347-8659.2016.40","volume":"4","author":"RC Turner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Turner, R. C., Naser, Z. J., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Logsdon, A. F., Vangilder, R. L., Matsumoto, R. R., Huber, J. D., & Rosen, C. L. (2017). Single low-dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning: Neuroprotective against axonal injury and modulates glial cells. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, 4, 6.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"5515_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1420","volume":"327","author":"K Walter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Walter, K. (2022). What is acute ischemic stroke? Jama, 327, 885.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"5515_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X2250046X","volume":"50","author":"B Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen, B., Zhou, K., Hu, C., Chen, J., Xu, K., Liang, T., He, B., Chen, L., & Chen, J. (2022). Salidroside ameliorates Ischemia-Induced neuronal injury through AMPK dependent and independent pathways to maintain mitochondrial quality control. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 50, 1133\u20131153.","journal-title":"American Journal of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"5515_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, F., Xu, J., Xiong, X., & Deng, Y. (2019). Salidroside inhibits MAPK, NF-\u03baB, and STAT3 pathways in psoriasis-associated oxidative stress via SIRT1 activation. Redox Report: Communications in Free Radical Research, 24, 70\u201374.","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2019.1658377"},{"key":"5515_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2207216","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207216","volume":"10","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, X., Chen, Y., Guo, J., Li, J., Zhang, P., Yang, H., Rong, K., Zhou, T., Fu, J., & Zhao, J. (2023). Polydopamine nanoparticles targeting ferroptosis mitigate intervertebral disc degeneration via reactive oxygen species Depletion, iron ions Chelation, and GPX4 ubiquitination suppression. Adv Sci (Weinh), 10, e2207216.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"5515_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154762","volume":"114","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, S., Wang, L., Zeng, Y., Wang, Y., Pei, T., Xie, Z., Xiong, Q., Wei, H., Li, W., Li, J., Su, Q., Wei, D., & Cheng, W. (2023). Salidroside alleviates cognitive impairment by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2\/GPX4 axis in SAMP8 mice. Phytomedicine, 114, 154762.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5515_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, N., Lai, Y., Yu, G., Zhang, X., Shi, J., Xiang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Jiang, X., & Zhang, X. (2025). METTL3-dependent m6A modification of SNAP29 induces autophagy-mitochondrial crisis in the ischemic microenvironment after soft tissue transplantation (pp. 1\u201324). Autophagy.","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2493455"},{"key":"5515_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1723313","volume":"42","author":"G Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Chen, Y., Kong, L., Sheng, C., & Yuan, L. (2020). miR-384-5p ameliorates neuropathic pain by targeting SCN3A in a rat model of chronic constriction injury. Neurological Research, 42, 299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Neurological Research"},{"key":"5515_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02724-x","volume":"191","author":"L Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, L., Ling, W., & Fang, Q. (2022). Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant 1 in acute ischemic stroke: Association with disease risk, severity, and recurrence-free survival and relation with inflammatory cytokines. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 191, 1863\u20131869.","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"5515_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.08.015","volume":"156","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Du, Q., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhu, Y., & Liu, C. (2018). Salidroside alleviates ischemic brain injury in mice with ischemic stroke through regulating BDNK mediated PI3K\/Akt pathway. Biochemical Pharmacology, 156, 99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"5515_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.06.023","volume":"34","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Duan, H., Li, R., Peng, W., & Wu, C. (2021). Activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. Journal of Advanced Research, 34, 43\u201363.","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research"},{"key":"5515_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6032","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02539-y","volume":"58","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Li, M., Liang, J., Li, M., & Sun, X. (2021). Long Non-coding RNA PVT1 inhibits miR-30c-5p to upregulate Rock2 to modulate cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion injury through MAPK signaling pathway activation. Molecular Neurobiology, 58, 6032\u20136048.","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"5515_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175716","volume":"949","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Xu, J., Cui, Q., Lin, G., Wang, F., Ding, X., You, S., Sang, N., Tan, J., Xu, W., Zhan, C., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Multi-pathway neuroprotective effects of a novel Salidroside derivative SHPL-49 against acute cerebral ischemic injury. European Journal of Pharmacology, 949, 175716.","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"5515_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01688-x","volume":"9","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Liu, Q., Meng, H., Duan, H., Liu, X., Wu, J., Gao, F., Wang, S., Tan, R., & Yuan, J. (2024). Ischemia-reperfusion injury: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 9, 12.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"5515_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533281","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1533281","volume":"16","author":"L Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng, L., Chen, Y., Lin, X., Deng, S., Sun, B., Zheng, J., Zeng, F., & Xue, Y. (2025). Relationship between fetal-type posterior cerebral artery and Basilar artery atherosclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 16, 1533281.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"5515_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01237-y","volume":"19","author":"C Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Yi, C., Yi, Y., Qin, W., Yan, Y., Dong, X., Zhang, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, R., Wei, J., Ali, D. W., Michalak, M., Chen, X. Z., & Tang, J. (2020). LncRNA PVT1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer via activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and autophagy pathway through modulating the miR-619-5p\/Pygo2 and miR-619-5p\/ATG14 axes. Molecular Cancer, 19, 118.","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T06:54:46Z","timestamp":1771397686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-025-05515-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental protocols involving animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and conducted in compliance with institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}