{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:13:38Z","timestamp":1777950818103,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liaoning Province Science and Technology Joint Plan Project","award":["2023JH2\/101700083; 2023JH2\/101700081; 2023JH2\/101700084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH2\/101700083; 2023JH2\/101700081; 2023JH2\/101700084"]}]},{"name":"Education Department in Liaoning Province","award":["JYTMS20230714; LJKMZ20221762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYTMS20230714; LJKMZ20221762"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Funds for Undergraduate Universities in Liaoning Province","award":["2024TD003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TD003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:48:45Z","timestamp":1772264925000},"page":"3711-3724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leonurine Exerts an Anti-Primary Dysmenorrhea Effect in Rats by Inactivating the JNK\/p38 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengjin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv039","volume":"21","author":"S. Iacovides","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iacovides, S., Avidon, I., & Baker, F. C. (2015) What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: A critical review. Human Reproduction Update. [Journal Article; Review]. 2015-11-01; 21(6), 762\u2013778.","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update."},{"issue":"10","key":"5591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.03.023","volume":"25","author":"L. Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yan, Y., Qiu, H., Xu, D., Zhu, J., & Liu, J. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea in students: A meta-analysis. Value in Health, [Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. . Gov't]. 25(10), 1678\u20131684.","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16921","volume":"323","author":"K. A. Kho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kho, K. A., & Shields, J. K. (2020). Diagnosis and management of primary dysmenorrhea. Jama, [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].323(3), 268\u2013269.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR4","first-page":"513","volume":"109","author":"S. Algenio-Anciro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Algenio-Anciro, S., & Valerio, C. (2024). Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills for Primary Dysmenorrhea.American Family Physician, [Journal Article]. 2024-06-01; 109(6), 513\u2013514.","journal-title":"American Family Physician, [Journal Article]"},{"issue":"7","key":"5591_CR5","first-page":"D2120","volume":"7","author":"J. B. Schroll","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schroll, J. B., Black, A. Y., Farquhar, C., & Chen, I. (2023). Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,[Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t; Review; Systematic Review]. 2023-07-31; 7(7), D2120.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"5591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113053261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113053","volume":"261","author":"C. Chai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai, C., Hong, F., Yan, Y., Yang, L., Zong, H., & Wang, C. (2020). Effect of traditional Chinese medicine formula GeGen decoction on primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal of ethnopharmacology, [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. 2020-10-28; 261, 113053261.","journal-title":"Journal of ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27612917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276129","volume":"17","author":"Z. Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Peng, Y., Qiang, X., Song, G., Yang, F., & Pang, B. (2022). Oral traditional Chinese patent medicines combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol for Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review. Plos one, [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t] 17(10), e27612917.","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"2","key":"5591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.002","volume":"152","author":"JC Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan, J. C., Tsai, Y. T., Lai, J. N., Fang, R. C., & Yeh, C. H. (2014). The traditional Chinese medicine prescription pattern of patients with primary dysmenorrhea in Taiwan: A large-scale cross sectional survey. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 152(2), 314-319.","journal-title":"J ETHNOPHARMACOL"},{"key":"5591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109060","volume":"117","author":"L. Miao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miao, L., Zhou, Q., Peng, C., & Liu, Z. (2019). Leonurus japonicus (Chinese motherwort), an excellent traditional medicine for obstetrical and gynecological diseases: A comprehensive overview. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 117, 109060.","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"5591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2020.107384","volume":"89","author":"C. Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, C., Lv, X., Liu, W., Liu, S., & Sun, Z. (2020). Uncovering the pharmacological mechanism of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.) for treating menstrual disorders: A systems pharmacology approach. Computational Biology and Chemistry, 89, 107384.","journal-title":"Computational Biology and Chemistry"},{"key":"5591_CR11","first-page":"916665","volume":"13","author":"X. Xinyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xinyu, X., Xintong, T., Youping, L., Feng, W., & Jiajie, Y. (2022). Motherwort injection for preventing uterine hemorrhage in women with induced abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized evidence. Frontiers in Pharmacology [Journal Article; Systematic Review], 13, 916665.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology [Journal Article; Systematic Review]"},{"issue":"15","key":"5591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15834","volume":"179","author":"J. Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, J., Gu, W., Ma, N., Fan, X., & Ci, X. (2022)Leonurine alleviates ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway. British Journal of Pharmacology. [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. 2022-08-01; 179(15), 3991\u20134009.","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201801257","volume":"42","author":"Y. Q. Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen, Y. Q., Gong, L. Y., Wang, L., Zhao, N., Sun, Q., & Kamara, M. O. (2019). Comparative pharmacokinetics study of leonurine and stachydrine in normal rats and rats with cold-stagnation and blood-stasis primary dysmenorrhoea after the administration of Leonurus japonicus Houtt electuary. Journal of separation scienceJ SEP SCI, 42(9), 1725\u20131732. [Comparative study; Journal Article]. 2019-05-01;.","journal-title":"Journal of separation scienceJ SEP SCI"},{"issue":"3","key":"5591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01887.x","volume":"112","author":"P. R. Eynott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eynott, P. R., Xu, L., Bennett, B. L., Noble, A., Leung, S. Y., & Nath, P. (2004)Effect of an inhibitor of Jun N-terminal protein kinase, SP600125, in single allergen challenge in sensitized rats. Immunology. [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]. 2004-07-01;112(3), 446\u2013453.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"5591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13771","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2025e13771","volume":"58","author":"M. Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu, M., Li, C., Sun, Q., Hu, B., Yang, J., & Wang, X. (2025). The role of the PKCzeta\/JNK signaling pathway in regulating the development of femoral head necrosis. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research [Journal Article]. 2025-01-20;58, e13771.","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"key":"5591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926291","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.926291","volume":"13","author":"L. Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su, L., Tong, H., Zhang, J., Hao, M., Fei, C., & Ji, D. (2022). Revealing the mechanism of Raw and vinegar-processed curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae] regulates primary dysmenorrhea in rats via integrated metabolomics. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022-01-01; 13, 926291.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"5591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6128","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116128","volume":"23","author":"F. Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong, F., He, G., Zhang, M., Yu, B., & Chai, C. (2022). The establishment of a mouse model of recurrent primary dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022-01-01;23(11), 6128.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"24","key":"5591_CR18","first-page":"17245","volume":"24","author":"X. Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, X., Tian, Y., Liu, J., Kou, Y., Xie, Y., & Wang, S. (2023). Peony pollen protects against primary dysmenorrhea in mice by inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating the COX2\/PGE2 pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Journal Article], 24(24), 17245.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Journal Article]"},{"issue":"1","key":"5591_CR19","first-page":"2337691","volume":"44","author":"Y. Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Xu, H., & Gu, Z. (2024). Ge-gen decoction alleviates primary dysmenorrhoea symptoms in a rat model. Journal of obstetrics and GynaecoloGy [Journal Article], 44(1), 2337691.","journal-title":"Journal of obstetrics and GynaecoloGy [Journal Article]"},{"key":"5591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.12.012","volume":"104","author":"W. J. Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, W. J., Lu, J. W., Zhang, C. Y., Wang, W. S., Ying, H., & Myatt, L. (2021). PGE2 vs PGF2\u03b1 in human parturition. Placenta, 104, 208\u2013219.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E981","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00513.2019","volume":"318","author":"J. M. Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, J. M., Mayall, J. R., Chevalier, A., McCarthy, H., Van Helden, D., & Hansbro, P. M. (2020). Chlamydia muridarum infection differentially alters smooth muscle function in mouse uterine horn and cervix. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 318(6), E981\u2013E994. Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t.","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-009-0016-x","volume":"17","author":"K. D. Rainsford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rainsford, K. D. (2009). Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, efficacy and safety. Inflammopharmacology, 17(6), 275\u2013342.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology [Journal Article"},{"issue":"5","key":"5591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02481-6","volume":"40","author":"JM LaForge","year":"2023","unstructured":"LaForge, J. M., Urso, K. ., Day, J. M., Bourgeois, C. W., Ross, M. M., & Ahmadzadeh, S. . (2023). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Clinical implications, renal impairment risks, and AKI. Advances in Therapy, 40(5), 2082\u20132096.","journal-title":"Advances in Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.000854","volume":"51","author":"L. Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, L., Yang, X., Tran, D., Seo, S. K., & Lu, Y. (2023). Combined oral contraceptives as victims of drug interactions. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 51(6), 718\u2013732.","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"key":"5591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101041","volume":"68","author":"S. Kheloui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kheloui, S., Smith, A., & Ismail, N. (2023). Combined oral contraceptives and mental health: Are adolescence and the gut-brain axis the missing links? Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 68, 101041.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5591_CR26","first-page":"51","volume":"23","author":"M. Sharghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharghi, M., Mansurkhani, S. M., Larky, D. A., Kooti, W., Niksefat, M., & Firoozbakht, M. (2019). An update and systematic review on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. JBRA assisted reproduction, 23(1), 51.","journal-title":"JBRA assisted reproduction"},{"issue":"18","key":"5591_CR27","first-page":"e29155","volume":"101","author":"H. Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, H., Guan, H., Ding, T., Bi, Y., Zhuo, Y., & Chen, Y. (2022). Efficacy and safety of external therapy of TCM for primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine(Baltimore).101(18), e29155.","journal-title":"Medicine(Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5591_CR28","first-page":"3518179","volume":"2022","author":"Y. Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Wang, T., Dong, J., Tang, L., Wang, Y., & Li, N. (2022). Dynamic Pain\u2010Related Changes in Pulse\u2010Graph Measurements in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea before and after Electroacupuncture Intervention and Its Correlation with TCM Pattern. Evidence\u2010Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022(1), 3518179.","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"5591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116697","volume":"317","author":"B. Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, B., Sun, C., Wan, H., Shou, Q., Han, B., & Sheng, M. (2023). Bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 317, 116697.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"5591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942657","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.942657","volume":"13","author":"W. Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, W., Hou, J., Han, T., Zheng, L., Liang, H., & Zhou, X. (2022). Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for intracranial hemorrhage by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 942657.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"5591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119432","volume":"342","author":"O. Dai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai, O., Fan, Y., Zhou, Q., Liu, J., Zuo, J., & Wang, F. (2025). Effect of Leonurus japonicus alkaloids on endometrial inflammation and its mechanisms. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 342, 119432.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-019-3453-0","volume":"26","author":"Y. Y. Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y. Y., Lin, Y. K., Liu, X. H., Wang, L., Yu, M., & Li, D. J. (2020). Leonurine: From gynecologic medicine to pleiotropic agent. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 26(2), 152\u2013160.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"5591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03995-z","volume":"12","author":"J. Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, J., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, W., & Zou, Y. (2021). PGE2-JNK signaling axis non-canonically promotes Gli activation by protecting Gli2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Cell Death & Disease, 12(7), 707.","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"5591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39914","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39914","volume":"7","author":"T. Kitanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kitanaka, T., Nakano, R., Kitanaka, N., Kimura, T., Okabayashi, K., & Narita, T. (2017). JNK activation is essential for activation of MEK\/ERK signaling in IL-1\u03b2-induced COX-2 expression in synovial fibroblasts. Scientific reports, 7(1), 39914.","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"5591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00045-8","volume":"47","author":"M. Raza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raza, M., & Al-Shabanah, O. A. (2003). Effect of vigabatrin on contractile response to arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in smooth muscle preparations and platelet aggregation in experimental laboratory animals. Pharmacological research, 47(6), 477\u2013483.","journal-title":"Pharmacological research"},{"issue":"1","key":"5591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02495-x","volume":"19","author":"L. Q. Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, L. Q., Gao, S. J., Sun, J., Li, D. Y., Wu, J. Y., & Song, F. H. (2022). DKK3 ameliorates neuropathic pain via inhibiting ASK-1\/JNK\/p-38-mediated microglia polarization and neuroinflammation. Journal of neuroinflammation, 19(1), 129.","journal-title":"Journal of neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"9","key":"5591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-023-02353-0","volume":"101","author":"J. Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhi, Z., Ding, J., Jia, N., Hu, Y., & Cai, J. (2023). Suppression of PGE2\/EP2 signaling alleviates hirschsprung disease by upregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin Germany). 2023-01-01;101(9), 1125\u20131139.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin Germany)"},{"issue":"10","key":"5591_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100991","volume":"9","author":"J. Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, J., Chiang, Y. F., Shih, Y. H., Chiu, C. H., Chen, H. Y., & Shieh, T. M. (2020). Salvia sclarea l. Essential oil extract and its antioxidative phytochemical sclareol inhibit oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontraction dysmenorrhea model by inhibiting the ca2+\u2013mlck\u2013mlc20 signaling cascade: An ex vivo and in vivo study.Antioxidants,9(10), 991.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"10","key":"5591_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103012","volume":"12","author":"Y. F. Chiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiang, Y. F., Hung, H. C., Chen, H. Y., Huang, K. C., Lin, P. H., & Chang, J. Y. (2020). The inhibitory effect of extra Virgin olive oil and its active compound oleocanthal on prostaglandin-induced uterine hypercontraction and pain\u2014Ex vivo and In vivo study.Nutrients,12(10), 3012.","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:17:19Z","timestamp":1777882639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05591-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Medical College of Liaodong University (Approval No. LDU-SOM-2024-0702-006). All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent To Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent To Publish"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}