{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:12:40Z","timestamp":1789197160836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003200","name":"Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TDF04211365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDF04211365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GUP-2023-063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUP-2023-063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T06:06:10Z","timestamp":1780725970000},"page":"6885-6905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polyphenol-Rich Mangosteen Pericarp Extract Attenuates Metabolic and Reproductive Dysfunction in High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin-induced Obese-Diabetic Male Rats: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7225-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Amirah Syahirah","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4440-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hariyani Reddy","family":"Murugiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0752-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murni Nazira","family":"Sarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7188-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurwahyuna","family":"Rosli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahanem","family":"Mat Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9066-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Jantan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan Mohd","family":"Aizat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5753_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8040395","volume":"8","author":"U Abu Bakar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abu Bakar, U., Subramaniam, P., Kamar Bashah, N. A., Kamalrudin, A., Kamaruzaman, K. A., Jasamai, M., et al. (2020). Sperm proteomics analysis of diabetic induced male rats as influenced by Ficus carica leaf extract. Processes, 8(4), Article Article 395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr8040395","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"5753_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7246756","volume":"2019","author":"KA Ahmad Nazri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmad Nazri, K. A., Fauzi, N. M., Buang, F., Mohd Saad, Q. H., Husain, K., Jantan, I., & Jubri, Z. (2019). Gynura procumbens standardised extract reduces cholesterol levels and modulates oxidative status in postmenopausal rats fed with cholesterol diet enriched with repeatedly heated palm oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, Article Article 7246756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7246756","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"5753_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6324","volume":"31","author":"WM Aizat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aizat, W. M., Jamil, I. N., Ahmad-Hashim, F. H., & Noor, N. M. (2019). Recent updates on metabolite composition and medicinal benefits of mangosteen plant. PeerJ, 31(7), Article e6324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.6324","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"5753_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Goblanet al. (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S67400","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S67400"},{"key":"5753_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1566311","volume":"16","author":"X Bai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bai, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, M., Xu, J., Dong, K., Du, Q., Chen, L., Ma, P., & Yang, J. (2025). \u03b1-Mangostin prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative damage and lipotoxicity through the Aprevent-CD36 pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, Article 1566311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1566311","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5753_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.04.001","volume":"18","author":"HE Bays","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bays, H. E., Kirkpatrick, C. F., Maki, K. C., Toth, P. P., Morgan, R. T., Tondt, J., Christensen, S. M., Dixon, D. L., & Jacobson, T. A. (2024). Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 18(3), e320\u2013e350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.04.001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology"},{"key":"5753_CR100","unstructured":"Biggers et al. (1971)."},{"issue":"10","key":"5753_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-1896-y","volume":"69","author":"HS Chae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chae, H. S., Lee, E. J., Park, S. Y., Hong, S. S., & Lee, D. (2021). Natural xanthones from Garcinia mangostana targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as potential antidiabetic agents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69(10), 3038\u20133046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-016-1896-y","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"5753_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14111880","volume":"14","author":"M Chatatikun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chatatikun, M., Tedasen, A., Phinyo, P., Wongyikul, P., Poolbua, P., Klangbud, W. K., Huang, J. C., Leelawattana, R., & Phongphithakchai, A. (2025). Lipid-lowering effects of alpha-mangostin: A systematic review and meta-analysis in hyperlipidemic animal models. Foods, 14(11), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14111880","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"5753_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudary, & Kulkarni, (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-024-01539-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-024-01539-1"},{"key":"5753_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112333","volume":"144","author":"SP Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, S. P., Lin, S. R., Chen, T. H., Ng, H. S., Yim, H. S., Leong, M. K., & Weng, C. F. (2021). Mangosteen xanthone \u03b3-mangostin exerts lowering blood glucose effect with potentiating insulin sensitivity through the mediation of AMPK\/PPAR\u03b3. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 144, Article 112333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112333","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"5753_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-121","volume":"12","author":"K Chinnadurai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chinnadurai, K., Kanwal, H. K., Tyagi, A. K., Stanton, C., & Ross, P. (2013). High conjugated linoleic acid enriched ghee (clarified butter) increases the antioxidant and antiatherogenic potency in female Wistar rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 12, Article 121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-511X-12-121","journal-title":"Lipids in Health and Disease"},{"key":"5753_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8399","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b01637","volume":"63","author":"YH Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi, Y. H., Bae, J. K., Chae, H.-S., Kim, Y.-M., Sreymom, Y., Han, L., Jang, H. Y., & Chin, Y. W. (2015). \u03b1-Mangostin regulates hepatic steatosis and obesity through SirT1-AMPK and PPAR\u03b3 pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63, 8399\u20138406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b01637","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"5753_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2020_6509","volume":"70","author":"HM Eltahir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eltahir, H. M., Elbadawy, H. M., Alalawi, A., Aldhafiri, A. J., Ibrahim, S. R. M., Mohamed, G. A., Shalkami, A. S., Almikhlafi, M. A., Albadrani, M., Alahmadi, Y., Abouzied, M. M., & Nazmy, M. H. (2023). Alpha-mangostin ameliorates acute kidney injury via modifying levels of circulating TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 in glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis animal model. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 70(2), 277\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18388\/abp.2020_6509","journal-title":"Acta Biochimica Polonica"},{"issue":"11","key":"5753_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.114907","volume":"21","author":"L Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng, L., Feng, Y. Y., Ren, Q., Fu, P., & Ma, L. (2025). Mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: From mechanisms to therapeutic implications. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 21(11), 4762\u20134781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.114907","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"5753_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandes et al. (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2359-3997000000188","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000188"},{"key":"5753_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.08.009","volume":"135","author":"G George","year":"2020","unstructured":"George, G., Snc, S., & Paul, A. T. (2020). Investigation of synergistic potential of green tea polyphenols and orlistat combinations using pancreatic lipase assay-based synergy directed fractionation strategy. South African Journal of Botany, 135, 50\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2020.08.009","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"MN Ghayur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghayur, M. N., Krepinsky, J. C., & Janssen, L. J. (2008). Contractility of the renal glomerulus and mesangial cells: Lingering doubts and strategies for the future. Medical hypotheses and research: MHR, 4(1), 1.","journal-title":"Medical hypotheses and research: MHR"},{"key":"5753_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.692806","volume":"12","author":"YH Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, Y. H., Han, J., Wang, L., Shi, C., Li, Y., Olatunji, O. J., Wang, X., & Zuo, J. (2021). \u03b1-mangostin alleviated inflammation in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by disrupting adipocytes-mediated metabolism-immune feedback. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, Article Article 692806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.692806","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"5753_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang et al. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-023-00771-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00771-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"5753_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.55230\/mabjournal.v54i2.3300","volume":"54","author":"NSD Jamaludin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jamaludin, N. S. D., Noor, M. M., & Sjakoer, N. A. A. (2025). Restoring spermatogenesis via the antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera and Hibiscus sabdariffa in obesity-induced male rats. Malaysian Applied Biology, 54(2), 46\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55230\/mabjournal.v54i2.3300","journal-title":"Malaysian Applied Biology"},{"key":"5753_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang et al. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.16456","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16456"},{"issue":"3","key":"5753_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030718","volume":"9","author":"J Jodynis-Liebert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jodynis-Liebert, J., & Kujawska, M. (2020). Biphasic dose-response induced by phytochemicals: Experimental evidence. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030718","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"5753_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John et al. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13020319","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020319"},{"key":"5753_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juan et al. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115935"},{"key":"5753_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kamaruzaman et al. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9201539","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9201539"},{"issue":"5","key":"5753_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14511","volume":"84","author":"N Karim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karim, N., Rahman, A., Chanudom, L., Thongsom, M., & Tangpong, J. (2019). Mangosteen vinegar rind from Garcinia mangostana prevents high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type II diabetes nephropathy and apoptosis. Journal of Food Science, 84(5), 1208\u20131215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.14511","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"5753_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2019.1696251","volume":"39","author":"N Karim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karim, N., Rahman, M. A., Changlek, S., & Tangpong, J. (2019). Short-time administration of xanthone from Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp attenuates the hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity of type II diabetes mice. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(6), 501\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2019.1696251","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"5753_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2023.100819","volume":"5","author":"D Kataria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kataria, D., & Singh, G. (2018). Health benefits of ghee: Review of Ayurveda and modern science perspectives. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 5(3), 169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaim.2023.100819","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic Foods"},{"key":"5753_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katimbwa et al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13765-022-00712-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13765-022-00712-y"},{"key":"5753_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","volume":"34","author":"Samuel Klein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kleinet al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.12.012","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"5753_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kobori et al. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-56290-0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56290-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"5753_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjbas.2016.07.001","volume":"5","author":"V Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Bhatt, P. C., Kaithwas, G., Rashid, M., Al-abbasi, F. A., Khan, J. A. J., Anwar, F., & Verma, A. (2016). \u03b1-Mangostin mediated pharmacological modulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes-induced Wistar rat. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(3), 255\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjbas.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"5753_CR39","first-page":"2572","volume":"10","author":"A Kusmayadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusmayadi, A., Adriani, L., Abun, A., Muchtaridi, M., & Tanuwiria, U. H. (2018). The effect of solvents and extraction time on total xanthone and antioxidant yields of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) extract. Drug Invention Today, 10(12), 2572\u20132576.","journal-title":"Drug Invention Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86545-z","volume":"11","author":"RSM Labban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Labban, R. S. M., Alfawaz, H. A., Almnaizel, A. T., Al-Muammar, M. N., Bhat, R. S., & El-Ansary, A. (2021). Garcinia mangostana extract and curcumin ameliorate oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in high fat diet-induced obese Wistar albino rats. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article Article 7278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86545-z","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"5753_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"La Vignera et al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11164691","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164691"},{"key":"5753_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li et al. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c01121","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01121"},{"key":"5753_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang et al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.926211","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.926211"},{"key":"5753_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.706978","volume":"12","author":"Xihua Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, & Li, (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.706978","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5753_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.040","volume":"496","author":"T Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, T., Duan, W., Nizigiyimana, P., Gao, L., Liao, Z., Xu, B., Liu, L., & Lei, M. (2018). Alpha-mangostin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in association with suppression of acid sphingomyelianse and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 496(2), 394\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.040","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"5753_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2016.1236174","volume":"21","author":"BP Lucke-Wold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucke-Wold, B. P., Logsdon, A. F., Nguyen, L., Eltanahay, A., Turner, R. C., Bonasso, P., Knotts, C., Moeck, A., Maroon, J. C., Bailes, J. E., & Rosen, C. L. (2018). Supplements, nutrition, and alternative therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Nutritional Neuroscience, 21(2), 79\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2016.1236174","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"5753_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2024.2404782","volume":"28","author":"B Lucke-Wold","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lucke-Wold, B., Zasler, N. D., Ruchika, F., Weisman, S., Le, D., Brunicardi, J., Kong, I., Ghumman, H., Persad, S., Mahan, D., Delawan, M., Shah, S., & Aghili-Mehrizi, S. (2025). Supplement and nutraceutical therapy in traumatic brain injury. Nutritional Neuroscience, 28(6), 709\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1028415X.2024.2404782","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2146512","volume":"45","author":"X Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, X., Ma, J., Leng, T., Yuan, Z., Hu, T., Liu, Q., & Shen, T. (2023). Advances in oxidative stress in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and efficacy of TCM intervention. Renal Failure, 45(1), Article 2146512.","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"key":"5753_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.109004","volume":"262","author":"SF Mamat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mamat, S. F., Azizan, K. A., Baharum, S. N., Noor, N. M., & Aizat, W. M. (2020). GC-MS and LC-MS analyses reveal the distribution of primary and secondary metabolites in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) fruit during ripening. Scientia Horticulturae, 262, Article Article 109004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.109004","journal-title":"Scientia Horticulturae"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR50","first-page":"16","volume":"6","author":"N Mohammadifard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohammadifard, N., Nazem, M., Naderi, G. A., Saghafian, F., Sajjadi, F., Maghroon, M., Bahonar, A., Alikhasi, H., & Nouri, F. (2010). Effect of hydrogenated, liquid and ghee oils on serum lipids profile. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 6(1), 16\u201322.","journal-title":"ARYA Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"5753_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murugaiyah et al. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/pm.pm_451_17","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_451_17"},{"key":"5753_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nelli et al. (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/19396368.2013.820369","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2013.820369"},{"key":"5753_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01252-8","volume":"23","author":"J Ngakou Mukam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngakou Mukam, J., Mvongo, C., & Nkoubat, S. (2023). Early-induced diabetic obese rat MACAPOS 2. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 23, Article 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-022-01252-8","journal-title":"BMC Endocrine Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170971","volume":"12","author":"SIR Okoduwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okoduwa, S. I. R., Umar, I. A., James, D. B., & Inuwa, H. M. (2017). Appropriate insulin level in selecting fortified diet-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat model of type 2 diabetes for anti-diabetic studies. PLoS ONE, 12(1), Article e0170971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0170971","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"5753_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220902835863","volume":"31","author":"E Ozbek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ozbek, E., Cekmen, M., Ilbey, Y. O., Simsek, A., Polat, E. C., & Somay, A. (2009). Atorvastatin prevents gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats through the inhibition of p38-MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. Renal Failure, 31(5), 382\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08860220902835863","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"issue":"11","key":"5753_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2000.17721","volume":"49","author":"MJ Reed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reed, M. J., Meszaros, K., Entes, L. J., Claypool, M. D., Pinkett, J. G., Gadbois, T. M., & Reaven, G. M. (2000). A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: The fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat. Metabolism, 49(11), 1390\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/meta.2000.17721","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"5753_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santos et al. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.11.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.11.001"},{"key":"5753_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh et al. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104199"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR58","first-page":"49","volume":"49","author":"SR Shankar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shankar, S. R., Yadav, R. K., Ray, R. B., Bijlani, R. L., Baveja, T., Jauhar, N., Agarwal, N., Vashisht, S., Mahapatra, S. C., Mehta, N., & Manchanda, S. C. (2005). Serum lipid response to introducing ghee as a partial replacement for mustard oil in the diet of healthy young Indians. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49(1), 49\u201356.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5753_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12235","volume":"5","author":"S Skovs\u00f8","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skovs\u00f8, S. (2014). Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats using high fat diet and streptozotocin. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 5(4), 349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.12235","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation"},{"key":"5753_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S233111","volume":"12","author":"V Soetikno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soetikno, V., Murwantara, A., Andini, P., Charlie, F., Lazarus, G., Louisa, M., & Arozal, W. (2020). Alpha-mangostin improves cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and associated biochemical parameters in high-fat\/high-glucose diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 12, 2738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JEP.S233111","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Pharmacology"},{"key":"5753_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-019-00852-x","volume":"35","author":"V Sukanya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sukanya, V., Pandiyan, V., Vijayarani, K., et al. (2020). A study on insulin levels and the expression of Glut 4 in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats treated with mustard oil diet. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 35, 488\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12291-019-00852-x","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"5753_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.08.023","volume":"87","author":"C Sungpud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sungpud, C., Panpipat, W., Yoon, A. S., & Chaijan, M. (2019). Tuning of virgin coconut oil and propylene glycol ratios for maximizing the polyphenol recovery and in vitro bioactivities of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp. Process Biochemistry, 87, 179\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.08.023","journal-title":"Process Biochemistry"},{"key":"5753_CR64","volume":"14","author":"J Sutharut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sutharut, J., & Sudarat, J. (2023). Antioxidant and protective effects of mangosteen xanthones on pancreatic \u03b2-cells under glucolipotoxic conditions. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, Article 1123456.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5753_CR65","first-page":"599","volume":"70","author":"M Taher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taher, M., Tajuddin, N. S., Susanti, D., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2016). Hypoglycemic activity of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Natural Medicines, 70(3), 599\u2013608.","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Medicines"},{"key":"5753_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tarasuk et al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-20284-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20284-7"},{"key":"5753_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uehara-Watanabe et al. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-04880-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-04880-1"},{"key":"5753_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0256-y","volume":"16","author":"V Vallon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vallon, V., & Thomson, S. C. (2020). The tubular hypothesis of nephron filtration and diabetic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16, 317\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-020-0256-y","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Nephrology"},{"key":"5753_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venigalla et al. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13552","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13552"},{"key":"5753_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venkata et al. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25021214","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021214"},{"key":"5753_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2024.100749","volume":"5","author":"A Vignesh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vignesh, A., Amal, T. C., Sarvalingam, A., & Vasanth, K. (2024). A review on the influence of nutraceuticals and functional foods on health. Food Chemistry Advances, 5, Article 100749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focha.2024.100749","journal-title":"Food Chemistry Advances"},{"key":"5753_CR74","volume":"121","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, J., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Xu, Z. (2024). Xanthones from Garcinia mangostana improve insulin resistance and reproductive hormone balance in obese-diabetic rats. Phytomedicine, 121, Article Article 155040.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"5753_CR76","unstructured":"WHO, 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/noncommunicable-diseases (Accessed on 25 November 2025)"},{"key":"5753_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2021.107144","volume":"113","author":"ASD Wickramasinghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, A. S. D., Attanayake, A. P., & Kalansuriya, P. (2022). Biochemical characterization of high fat diet fed and low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rat model. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 113, Article 107144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vascn.2021.107144","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"5753_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60940-9","volume":"5","author":"TA Wihastuti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wihastuti, T. A., Widodo, M. A., Heriansyah, T., & Sari, N. A. K. (2015). Study of the inhibition effect of ethanolic extract of mangosteen pericarp on atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rat. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(10), 830\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60940-9","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease"},{"issue":"11","key":"5753_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.11.4425","volume":"72","author":"AJ Wyrobek","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wyrobek, A. J., & Bruce, W. R. (1975). Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in mice (25 chemicals\/mutagens\/teratogens\/carcinogens). Cell Biology, 72(11), 4425\u20134429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.72.11.4425","journal-title":"Cell Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01255-6","volume":"16","author":"K Xi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xi, K., Li, H. P., Wang, Y. H., et al. (2024). GRP78 protein metabolism in obese and diabetic rats: A study of its role in metabolic disorders. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 16(1), Article 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01255-6","journal-title":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"},{"key":"5753_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118741045371837250212060043","volume":"19","author":"NISM Zamani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zamani, N. I. S. M., Jam, F. A., Yi, L. J., Yi, C. W., Rajendran, T., Wong, P. W., Ying, A. T. Y., Azlan, U. K., Hamezah, H. S., Mediani, A., & Rohani, E. R. (2025). Advancing Alzheimer\u2019s therapy with Moringa oleifera: Bioactive insights, mechanistic pathways, and strategies for efficacy and standardization. The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal, 19, Article Article e18741045371837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0118741045371837250212060043","journal-title":"The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"5753_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00728-2","volume":"13","author":"O Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong, O., Ji, L., Wang, J., Lei, X., & Huang, H. (2021). Association of diabetes and obesity with sperm parameters and testosterone levels: A meta-analysis. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 13(1), 109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-021-00728-2","journal-title":"Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:50:32Z","timestamp":1789195832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05753-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The ethical approval for animal laboratory test has been obtained from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia-Animal Ethical Committee (UKM-AEC) (UKM Approval No.: IBS\/2021\/WAN MOHD AIZAT\/24-MAR.\/1168-JULY-2021-JULY-2023). All procedures for animal handling were in accordance with the UKM-AEC guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final manuscript and consented to publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}