{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:21:31Z","timestamp":1792783291605,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gxjyb39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T06:46:58Z","timestamp":1782715618000},"page":"7272-7302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Antimicrobial Efficacy: The Role of Metal Complexation in Chitosan-Based Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Muhanad","family":"Alhujaily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Shafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6841-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Sanad","family":"Alhussaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AbdulRahman Abdulla Ibrahim","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526523666230725103902\/CITE\/REFWORKS","volume":"24","author":"JA Alara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alara, J. A., & Alara, O. R. (2024). An Overview of the Global Alarming Increase of Multiple Drug Resistant: A Major Challenge in Clinical Diagnosis. Infect Disord - Drug Targets, 24, 26\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871526523666230725103902\/CITE\/REFWORKS","journal-title":"Infect Disord - Drug Targets"},{"key":"5800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11041050\/S1","volume":"11","author":"TM Coque","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coque, T. M., Cant\u00f3n, R., P\u00e9rez-Cobas, A. E., et al. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance in the Global Health Network: Known Unknowns and Challenges for Efficient Responses in the 21st Century. Microorganisms, 11, 1050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MICROORGANISMS11041050\/S1","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"5800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS14030221\/S1","volume":"14","author":"I Gajic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gajic, I., Tomic, N., Lukovic, B., et al. (2025). A Comprehensive Overview of Antibacterial Agents for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: The Current Landscape, Development, Future Opportunities, and Challenges. Antibiotics, 14, 221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS14030221\/S1","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1914433\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA1914433_DISCLOSURES.PDF","volume":"382","author":"JA Jernigan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jernigan, J. A., Hatfield, K. M., Wolford, H., et al. (2020). Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in U.S. Hospitalized Patients, 2012\u20132017. New England Journal Of Medicine, 382, 1309\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA1914433\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA1914433_DISCLOSURES.PDF","journal-title":"New England Journal Of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"5800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MA12040641","volume":"12","author":"A Mu\u00f1oz-Bonilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Bonilla, A., Echeverria, C., Sonseca, \u00c1., et al. (2019). Bio-based polymers with antimicrobial properties towards sustainable development. Materials, 12(4), Article 641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MA12040641","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"5800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MA14123167","volume":"14","author":"P Ramburrun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramburrun, P., Pringle, N. A., Dube, A., et al. (2021). Recent advances in the development of antimicrobial and antifouling biocompatible materials for dental applications. Materials, 14, Article 3167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MA14123167","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"5800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS14112384","volume":"14","author":"M Hanmantrao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hanmantrao, M., Chaterjee, S., Kumar, R., et al. (2022). Development of Guar Gum-Pectin-Based Colon Targeted Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Xanthohumol. Pharm 2022, 14, 2384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS14112384","journal-title":"Pharm 2022"},{"key":"5800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-14282009000300013","volume":"19","author":"RC Goy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goy, R. C., De Britto, D., & Assis, O. B. G. (2009). A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Pol\u00edmeros, 19, 241\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0104-14282009000300013","journal-title":"Pol\u00edmeros"},{"key":"5800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS241310738","volume":"24","author":"OM Khubiev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khubiev, O. M., Egorov, A. R., Kirichuk, A. A., et al. (2023). Chitosan-based antibacterial films for biomedical and food applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, Article 10738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS241310738","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"5800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109984","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EURPOLYMJ.2020.109984","volume":"138","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, J., & Zhuang, S. (2020). Antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives and their interaction mechanism with bacteria: Current state and perspectives. Eur Polym J, 138, 109984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EURPOLYMJ.2020.109984","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"5800_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, X. F., Guan, Y. L., Yang, D. Z., et al. (2001). Antibacterial action of chitosan and carboxymethylated chitosan. Journal Of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 1324\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4628(20010214)79:7%26lt;1324::AID-APP210%26gt;3.0.CO;2-L","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4628(20010214)79:7%26lt;1324::AID-APP210%26gt;3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"5800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARRES.2004.09.007","volume":"339","author":"L Qi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qi, L., Xu, Z., Jiang, X., et al. (2004). Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Research, 339, 2693\u20132700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARRES.2004.09.007","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Research"},{"key":"5800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MA16052073","volume":"16","author":"C Thambiliyagodage","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thambiliyagodage, C., Jayanetti, M., Mendis, A., et al. (2023). Recent advances in chitosan-based applications\u2014A review. Materials, 16, Article 2073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MA16052073","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"5800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100040","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NTM.2024.100040","volume":"3","author":"AK Grewal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grewal, A. K., & Salar, R. K. (2024). Chitosan nanoparticle delivery systems: An effective approach to enhancing efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs. Nano TransMed, 3, 100040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NTM.2024.100040","journal-title":"Nano TransMed"},{"key":"5800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1869920","volume":"62","author":"D Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, D., Yu, Z., Zhao, W., et al. (2022). Advances in the application of chitosan as a sustainable bioactive material in food preservation. Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition, 62, 3782\u20133797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2020.1869920;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:TFOPB;PAGEGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.","journal-title":"Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition"},{"key":"5800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1007\/S10856-010-4065-X\/METRICS","volume":"21","author":"D Altiok","year":"2010","unstructured":"Altiok, D., Altiok, E., & Tihminlioglu, F. (2010). Physical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan films incorporated with thyme oil for potential wound healing applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 21, 2227\u20132236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10856-010-4065-X\/METRICS","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine"},{"key":"5800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650598","DOI":"10.3389\/FBIOE.2021.650598\/BIBTEX","volume":"9","author":"P Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, P., Luo, Y., Ke, C., et al. (2021). Chitosan-Based Functional Materials for Skin Wound Repair: Mechanisms and Applications. Frontiers In Bioengineering And Biotechnology, 9, 650598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FBIOE.2021.650598\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Frontiers In Bioengineering And Biotechnology"},{"key":"5800_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2022.119100","volume":"282","author":"H Hamedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamedi, H., Moradi, S., Hudson, S. M., et al. (2022). Chitosan based bioadhesives for biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 282, Article 119100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2022.119100","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TIFS.2020.01.002","volume":"97","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Mukherjee, A., & Dutta, J. (2020). Chitosan based nanocomposite films and coatings: Emerging antimicrobial food packaging alternatives. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 97, 196\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TIFS.2020.01.002","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & Technology"},{"key":"5800_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20800","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS151120800","volume":"15","author":"AF Martins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins, A. F., Facchi, S. P., Follmann, H. D. M., et al. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of chitosan derivatives containing N-quaternized moieties in its backbone: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15, 20800\u201320832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS151120800","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"5800_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJPS.2018.01.046","volume":"117","author":"DR Perinelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perinelli, D. R., Fagioli, L., Campana, R., et al. (2018). Chitosan-based nanosystems and their exploited antimicrobial activity. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 117, 8\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJPS.2018.01.046","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"5800_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1081\/MC-120020161\/ASSET\/\/CMS\/ASSET\/3B1D56C4-7926-4708-A6C5-0372DCE1AF96\/MC-120020161.FP.PNG","volume":"43","author":"SH Lim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim, S. H., & Hudson, S. M. (2003). Review of chitosan and its derivatives as antimicrobial agents and their uses as textile chemicals. Journal of Macromolecular Science - Polymer Reviews, 43, 223\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/MC-120020161\/ASSET\/\/CMS\/ASSET\/3B1D56C4-7926-4708-A6C5-0372DCE1AF96\/MC-120020161.FP.PNG","journal-title":"Journal of Macromolecular Science - Polymer Reviews"},{"key":"5800_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.21967\/JBB.V4I1.189","volume":"4","author":"C Duan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duan, C., Meng, X., Meng, J., et al. (2019). Chitosan as a preservative for fruits and vegetables: A review on chemistry and antimicrobial properties. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 4, 11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21967\/JBB.V4I1.189","journal-title":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts"},{"key":"5800_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1021\/BM034130M","volume":"4","author":"EI Rabea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rabea, E. I., Badawy, M. E. T., Stevens, C. V., et al. (2003). Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: Applications and mode of action. Biomacromolecules, 4, 1457\u20131465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/BM034130M;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:BOMAF6.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSPS.2023.101918","volume":"32","author":"O AL-Fawares","year":"2024","unstructured":"AL-Fawares, O., Alshweiat, A., Al-Khresieh, R. O., et al. (2024). A significant antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32, Article 101918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSPS.2023.101918","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"5800_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S478925","volume":"19","author":"O Al-Fawares","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Fawares, O., Alshweiat, A., & Abuawad, A. (2025). Development of chitosan-polyacrylic acid complex systems for enhanced oral delivery of Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotics. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 19, 585\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S478925","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"key":"5800_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHPRO.2009.11.061","volume":"2","author":"S Mekahlia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mekahlia, S., & Bouzid, B. (2009). Chitosan-copper (II) complex as antibacterial agent: Synthesis, characterization and coordinating bond- activity correlation study. Physics Procedia, 2, 1045\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PHPRO.2009.11.061","journal-title":"Physics Procedia"},{"key":"5800_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2012.10.025","volume":"92","author":"F Brunel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunel, F., El Gueddari, N. E., & Moerschbacher, B. M. (2013). Complexation of copper(II) with chitosan nanogels: Toward control of microbial growth. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92, 1348\u20131356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2012.10.025","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2020.02.245","volume":"152","author":"RE Malekshah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malekshah, R. E., Shakeri, F., Khaleghian, A., & Salehi, M. (2020). Developing a biopolymeric chitosan supported Schiff-base and Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and biological evaluation as pro-drug. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 152, 846\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2020.02.245","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2011.02.001","volume":"85","author":"RL Patale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patale, R. L., & Patravale, V. B. (2011). O,N-carboxymethyl chitosan\u2013zinc complex: A novel chitosan complex with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Carbohydrate Polymers, 85, 105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2011.02.001","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2003.11.007","volume":"56","author":"X Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, X., Du, Y., & Liu, H. (2004). Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of chitosan\u2013Zn complex. Carbohydrate Polymers, 56, 21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2003.11.007","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"5800_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES30020207","volume":"30","author":"D Iacopetta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iacopetta, D., Catalano, A., Ceramella, J., et al. (2025). Chitosan-based Schiff bases (CSBs) and their metal complexes: Promising antimicrobial agents. Molecules, 30(2), Article 207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES30020207","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5800_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2004.11.020","volume":"60","author":"S Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen, S., Wu, G., & Zeng, H. (2005). Preparation of high antimicrobial activity thiourea chitosan\u2013Ag+ complex. Carbohydrate Polymers, 60, 33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2004.11.020","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500613","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2500613","volume":"2022","author":"SB Mayegowda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mayegowda, S. B., Ng, M., Alghamdi, S., et al. (2022). Role of Antimicrobial Drug in the Development of Potential Therapeutics. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med, 2022, 2500613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2500613","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"5800_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BCP.2005.11.023","volume":"71","author":"RL Monaghan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Monaghan, R. L., & Barrett, J. F. (2006). Antibacterial drug discovery\u2014Then, now and the genomics future. Biochemical Pharmacology, 71, 901\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BCP.2005.11.023","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"5800_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, B., Bhat, A., & Ravi, K. (2024). Antibiotics Misuse and Antimicrobial Resistance Development in Agriculture: A Global Challenge. Environ Heal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ENVHEALTH.4C00094\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/EH4C00094_0001.JPEG","DOI":"10.1021\/ENVHEALTH.4C00094\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/LARGE\/EH4C00094_0001.JPEG"},{"issue":"3","key":"5800_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS12030487","volume":"12","author":"A Caneschi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caneschi, A., Bardhi, A., Barbarossa, A., & Zaghini, A. (2023). The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, a complex phenomenon: A narrative review. Antibiotics, 12(3), Article 487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS12030487","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5800_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373846","DOI":"10.3389\/FCIMB.2024.1373846\/BIBTEX","volume":"14","author":"L Shani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shani, L., & Nissan, I. (2024). Editorial: Antibiotics overuse as the driving force behind antimicrobial resistance. Frontiers In Cellular And Infection Microbiology, 14, 1373846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FCIMB.2024.1373846\/BIBTEX","journal-title":"Frontiers In Cellular And Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"5800_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12992-021-00754-9\/TABLES\/3","volume":"17","author":"WM Sweileh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sweileh, W. M. (2021). Global research publications on irrational use of antimicrobials: Call for more research to contain antimicrobial resistance. Global Health, 17, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12992-021-00754-9\/TABLES\/3","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"5800_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3390\/PH18030402","volume":"18","author":"ME Elshobary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elshobary, M. E., Badawy, N. K., Ashraf, Y., et al. (2025). Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms, Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. An Updated Review Pharm 2025, 18, 402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PH18030402","journal-title":"An Updated Review Pharm 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"5800_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS8010008","volume":"8","author":"PK Mantravadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mantravadi, P. K., Kalesh, K. A., Dobson, R. C. J., et al. (2019). The quest for novel antimicrobial compounds: Emerging trends in research, development, and technologies. Antibiotics, 8(1), Article 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS8010008","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5800_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS12030628","volume":"12","author":"Z Breijyeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Breijyeh, Z., & Karaman, R. (2023). Design and synthesis of novel antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics, 12(3), Article 628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ANTIBIOTICS12030628","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"5800_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/NANO12213855","volume":"12","author":"R Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren, R., Lim, C., Li, S., et al. (2022). Recent advances in the development of lipid-, metal-, carbon-, and polymer-based nanomaterials for antibacterial applications. Nanomaterials, 12, Article 3855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NANO12213855","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"5800_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MICPATH.2018.05.046","volume":"121","author":"S Haque","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haque, S., Ahmad, F., Dar, S. A., et al. (2018). Developments in strategies for Quorum Sensing virulence factor inhibition to combat bacterial drug resistance. Microbial Pathogenesis, 121, 293\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MICPATH.2018.05.046","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"5800_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200317040-00003\/METRICS","volume":"17","author":"M Hentzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hentzer, M., Eberl, L., Nielsen, J., & Givskov, M. (2003). Quorum sensing: A novel target for the treatment of biofilm infections. Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals And Gene Therapy, 17, 241\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00063030-200317040-00003\/METRICS","journal-title":"Biodrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals And Gene Therapy"},{"key":"5800_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AHJ.2003.06.006","volume":"147","author":"GM Eliopoulos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eliopoulos, G. M. (2004). Current and new antimicrobial agents. American Heart Journal, 147, 587\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AHJ.2003.06.006","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"5800_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.CHEMREV.0C01214\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/MEDIUM\/CR0C01214_0018.GIF","volume":"121","author":"C Hobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hobson, C., Chan, A. N., & Wright, G. D. (2021). The Antibiotic Resistome: A Guide for the Discovery of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Chemical Reviews, 121, 3464\u20133494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.CHEMREV.0C01214\/ASSET\/IMAGES\/MEDIUM\/CR0C01214_0018.GIF","journal-title":"Chemical Reviews"},{"key":"5800_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S146195","volume":"13","author":"MA Dos Santos Ramos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dos Santos Ramos, M. A., Da Silva, P. B., Sp\u00f3sito, L., et al. (2018). Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for control of microbial biofilms: A review. Int J Nanomedicine, 13, 1179\u20131213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S146195","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"5800_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1155\/MBD.1999.75","volume":"6","author":"ZH Chohan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chohan, Z. H. (1999). Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) Metal Chelates With Some ThiazoleDerived Schiff-Bases: Their Synthesis, Characterization andBactericidal Properties. Met Based Drugs, 6, 75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/MBD.1999.75","journal-title":"Met Based Drugs"},{"key":"5800_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLSTRUC.2014.09.013","volume":"1079","author":"GY Nagesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagesh, G. Y., Mahendra Raj, K., & Mruthyunjayaswamy, B. H. M. (2015). Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and biological evaluation of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand containing thiazole moiety. Journal Of Molecular Structure, 1079, 423\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MOLSTRUC.2014.09.013","journal-title":"Journal Of Molecular Structure"},{"key":"5800_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S43094-021-00191-W","volume":"71 7","author":"VK Srivastava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srivastava, V. K. (2021). Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of some biometal complexes. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021, 71 7, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S43094-021-00191-W","journal-title":"Futur J Pharm Sci 2021"},{"key":"5800_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.INOCHE.2024.112620","volume":"166","author":"S Shaker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shaker, S., Adam, M., Abdelmageed Abualreish, M. J., Negm, A., et al. (2024). New chelating quinoxalyl hydrazone derivative, as tridentate ligand for complexation with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions. Development of antitumor, antimicrobial, and DNA reactivity. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 166, Article 112620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.INOCHE.2024.112620","journal-title":"Inorganic Chemistry Communications"},{"key":"5800_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S668","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARABJC.2011.07.029","volume":"9","author":"P Jayaseelan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jayaseelan, P., Prasad, S., Vedanayaki, S., & Rajavel, R. (2016). Synthesis, characterization, anti-microbial, DNA binding and cleavage studies of Schiff base metal complexes. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, S668\u2013S677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ARABJC.2011.07.029","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"5800_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9598","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ00293G","volume":"45","author":"AA Sharfalddin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharfalddin, A. A., Emwas, A. H., Jaremko, M., & Hussien, M. A. (2021). Synthesis and theoretical calculations of metal-antibiotic chelation with thiamphenicol: In vitro DNA and HSA binding, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity studies. New Journal of Chemistry, 45, 9598\u20139613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1NJ00293G","journal-title":"New Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"5800_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1134\/S1070328421120046\/METRICS","volume":"47","author":"OA Zalevskaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zalevskaya, O. A., & Gur\u2019eva, Y. A. (2021). Recent studies on the antimicrobial activity of copper complexes. Russ J Coord Chem Khimiya, 47, 861\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S1070328421120046\/METRICS","journal-title":"Russ J Coord Chem Khimiya"},{"key":"5800_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6819080","volume":"2022","author":"B Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, B., Shukla, S., Rattan, R., et al. (2022). Antimicrobial agents based on metal complexes: Present situation and future prospects. International Journal of Biomaterials, 2022, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6819080","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomaterials"},{"key":"5800_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/S10895-016-1896-Y\/METRICS","volume":"26","author":"A Raza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raza, A., Xu, X., Xia, L., et al. (2016). Quercetin-Iron Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, DNA Binding, DNA Cleavage, and Antibacterial Activity Studies. Journal Of Fluorescence, 26, 2023\u20132031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10895-016-1896-Y\/METRICS","journal-title":"Journal Of Fluorescence"},{"key":"5800_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"017","DOI":"10.29328\/JOURNAL.JCICM.1001048","volume":"9","author":"S Ibrahima Sory","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ibrahima Sory, S., Na\u00efma, E. M., & Dong, Y. (2024). Reactive oxygen species production from hydroxamic acid and their iron (III) complexes against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Clin Intensive Care Med, 9, 017\u2013020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/JOURNAL.JCICM.1001048","journal-title":"J Clin Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"5800_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLSTRUC.2013.11.014","volume":"1058","author":"JJ Mart\u00ednez Medina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez Medina, J. J., Islas, M. S., L\u00f3pez T\u00e9vez, L. L., et al. (2014). Copper(II) complexes with cyanoguanidine and o-phenanthroline: Theoretical studies, in vitro antimicrobial activity and alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effect. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1058, 298\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MOLSTRUC.2013.11.014","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Structure"},{"key":"5800_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00348E","volume":"6","author":"KY Djoko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Djoko, K. Y., Paterson, B. M., Donnelly, P. S., & McEwan, A. G. (2014). Antimicrobial effects of copper(ii) bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes provide new insight into their biochemical mode of action. Metallomics\u202f: Integrated Biometal Science, 6, 854\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C3MT00348E","journal-title":"Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science"},{"key":"5800_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/24701556.2019.1672735","volume":"50","author":"MSS Adam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adam, M. S. S., Abdel-Rahman, L. H., Abu-Dief, A. M., & Hashem, N. A. (2020). Synthesis, catalysis, antimicrobial activity, and DNA interactions of new Cu(II)-Schiff base complexes. Inorganic Nano-Metal Chemistry, 50, 136\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24701556.2019.1672735","journal-title":"Inorganic Nano-Metal Chemistry"},{"key":"5800_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MIB.2023.102347","volume":"75","author":"JE Waters","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waters, J. E., Stevens-Cullinane, L., Siebenmann, L., & Hess, J. (2023). Recent advances in the development of metal complexes as antibacterial agents with metal-specific modes of action. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 75, Article 102347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MIB.2023.102347","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"5800_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARPTA.2024.100564","volume":"8","author":"A Parvinnasab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parvinnasab, A., Shahroudi, S., Salahinejad, E., et al. (2024). Antibacterial nanofibrous wound dressing mats made from blended chitosan-copper complexes and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using electrospinning. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 8, Article 100564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARPTA.2024.100564","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications"},{"key":"5800_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.3390\/POLYM14225002\/S1","volume":"14","author":"M Ignatova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ignatova, M., Anastasova, I., Manolova, N., et al. (2022). Bio-Based Electrospun Fibers from Chitosan Schiff Base and Polylactide and Their Cu2\u2009+\u2009and Fe3\u2009+\u2009Complexes: Preparation and Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities. Polymers (Basel), 14, 5002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/POLYM14225002\/S1","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"5800_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2025.140338","volume":"301","author":"R Malav","year":"2025","unstructured":"Malav, R., Sharma, R. K., & Ray, S. (2025). Versatile applications of cobalt and copper complexes of biopolymeric Schiff base ligands derived from chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 301, Article 140338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2025.140338","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.07.176","volume":"106","author":"W Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, W., Qin, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2018). C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization and antifungal efficacy. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.07.176","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2016.12.040","volume":"160","author":"W Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, W., Qin, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2017). Synthesis, characterization and antifungal efficacy of C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan Cu(II) complexes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 160, 97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2016.12.040","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261717050101\/METRICS","volume":"86","author":"AV Il\u2019ina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Il\u2019ina, A. V., Shagdarova, B. T., Lun\u2019kov, A. P., et al. (2017). In vitro antifungal activity of metal complexes of a quaternized chitosan derivative with copper ions. Microbiol (Russian Fed, 86, 590\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S0026261717050101\/METRICS","journal-title":"Microbiol (Russian Fed"},{"key":"5800_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2019.06.115","volume":"136","author":"M Manimohan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manimohan, M., Pugalmani, S., & Sithique, M. A. (2019). Biologically active novel N, N, O donor tridentate water soluble hydrazide based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base Cu (II) metal complexes: Synthesis and characterisation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 136, 738\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2019.06.115","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.11.112","volume":"110","author":"A Naz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naz, A., Arun, S., Narvi, S. S., et al. (2018). Cu(II)-carboxymethyl chitosan-silane schiff base complex grafted on nano silica: Structural evolution, antibacterial performance and dye degradation ability. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 110, 215\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2017.11.112","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012074","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1282\/1\/012074","volume":"1282","author":"N Hidayati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hidayati, N., & Fatma, Purwaningrum, W. (2019). Synthesis and characterization schiff base and complexes with Copper (II) and Iron (II) and their application as antibacterial agents. Journal Of Physics. Conference Series, 1282, 012074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/1282\/1\/012074","journal-title":"Journal Of Physics. Conference Series"},{"key":"5800_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2017.09.095","volume":"179","author":"L Gritsch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gritsch, L., Lovell, C., Goldmann, W. H., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2018). Fabrication and characterization of copper(II)-chitosan complexes as antibiotic-free antibacterial biomaterial. Carbohydrate Polymers, 179, 370\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CARBPOL.2017.09.095","journal-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"key":"5800_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2023.123200","volume":"231","author":"H Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, H., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., et al. (2023). Preparation, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of cryptate copper(II)\/sulfonate chitosan complexes. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 231, Article 123200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2023.123200","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2013.05.025","volume":"91","author":"A Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan, A., Mehmood, S., Shafiq, M., et al. (2013). Structural and antimicrobial properties of irradiated chitosan and its complexes with zinc. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 91, 138\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2013.05.025","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"5800_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, W., Qin, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2018). Synthesis of C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan metal complexes and evaluation of their antifungal activity. Scientific Reports(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-23283-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23283-9"},{"key":"5800_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DYEPIG.2018.07.004","volume":"159","author":"FX Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang, F. X., Li, H. C., Ren, X. D., et al. (2018). Preparation and antifungal properties of monosubstituted zinc(\u041f) phthalocyanine-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates and their quaternized derivatives. Dyes and Pigments, 159, 439\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.DYEPIG.2018.07.004","journal-title":"Dyes and Pigments"},{"key":"5800_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9540","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ00670B","volume":"43","author":"M Murugaiyan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murugaiyan, M., Mani, S. P., & Sithique, M. A. (2019). Zinc(II) centered biologically active novel N,N,O donor tridentate water-soluble hydrazide-based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base metal complexes: Synthesis and characterisation. New Journal of Chemistry, 43, 9540\u20139554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9NJ00670B","journal-title":"New Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"5800_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8357381","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8357381","volume":"2019","author":"D Van Phu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Phu, D., Du, B. D., Tuan, L. N. A., et al. (2019). Preparation and Antifungal Activity Investigation of Oligochitosan-Zn2\u2009+\u2009on Colletotrichum truncatum. Int J Polym Sci, 2019, 8357381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8357381","journal-title":"Int J Polym Sci"},{"key":"5800_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1007\/S10904-020-01578-7\/METRICS","volume":"30","author":"M Manimohan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manimohan, M., Pugalmani, S., & Sithique, M. A. (2020). Synthesis, spectral characterisation and biological activities of novel biomaterial\/N, N, O donor tridentate Co (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) complexes of hydrazide based biopolymer Schiff base ligand. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 30, 4481\u20134495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10904-020-01578-7\/METRICS","journal-title":"Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials"},{"key":"5800_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2022.05.199","volume":"213","author":"N Mutlu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mutlu, N., Liverani, L., Kurtuldu, F., et al. (2022). Zinc improves antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cell motility activity of chitosan for wound healing applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 213, 845\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2022.05.199","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/S13726-022-01063-7\/METRICS","volume":"31","author":"S Rani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rani, S., Lal, S., Arora, S., et al. (2022). Schiff base of O-carboxymethyl chitosan and its complexes with transition metal ions: Syntheses, structural, antimicrobial and thermal studies. Iran Polym J (English Ed, 31, 1093\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13726-022-01063-7\/METRICS","journal-title":"Iran Polym J (English Ed"},{"key":"5800_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/S11274-025-04369-9","volume":"416","author":"G Roquyya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roquyya, G., Shoaib, A., Parveen, S., & Rafiq, M. (2025). Synthesis and effects of zinc-chitosan complex on morpho-growth and biochemical responses in Alternaria alternata, a cause of leaf blights and spots on plants. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 416, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11274-025-04369-9","journal-title":"World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology"},{"key":"5800_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MTCOMM.2025.112592","volume":"46","author":"GA Larrea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Larrea, G. A., P\u00e9rez, M. E., Gsponer, N. S., & Durantini, E. N. (2025). Photodynamic antimicrobial decontamination of food packaging using a chitosan-Zn(II) protoporphyrin IX conjugate. Materials Today Communications, 46, Article 112592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MTCOMM.2025.112592","journal-title":"Materials Today Communications"},{"key":"5800_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES28196777","volume":"28","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Hu, Z., et al. (2023). 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde-modified chitosan\u2013silver complexes: Optimized preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity. Molecules, 28, Article 6777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES28196777","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5800_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200121","DOI":"10.1002\/STAR.202200121","volume":"75","author":"J Ouyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ouyang, J., Li, Z., Miao, J., et al. (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dialdehyde Starch Schiff Base and its Metal Complex. Starch\/Staerke, 75, 2200121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/STAR.202200121;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION.","journal-title":"Starch\/Staerke"},{"key":"5800_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akhtar, M. A., Hadzhieva, Z., Dlouh\u00fd, I., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2020). Electrophoretic deposition and characterization of functional coatings based on an antibacterial gallium (III)-chitosan complex. Coatings, 10, 483, Article 483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/COATINGS1005043","DOI":"10.3390\/COATINGS1005043"},{"key":"5800_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS13101702\/S1","volume":"13","author":"MA Akhtar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhtar, M. A., Hadzhieva, Z., Ilyas, K., et al. (2021). Facile synthesis of gallium (Iii)-chitosan complexes as antibacterial biomaterial. Pharmaceutics, 13, 1702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS13101702\/S1","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"5800_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2015.11.008","volume":"90","author":"T Vadivel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vadivel, T., & Dhamodaran, M. (2016). Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of ruthenium(III) complexes derived from chitosan schiff base. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 90, 44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2015.11.008","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MATPR.2021.12.265","volume":"60","author":"K Amirthaganesan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amirthaganesan, K., Vadivel, T., Dhamodaran, M., & Chandraboss, V. L. (2022). In vitro antifungal studies of ruthenium (III) complex derived from chitosan schiff bases. Materials Today: Proceedings, 60, 1716\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MATPR.2021.12.265","journal-title":"Materials Today: Proceedings"},{"key":"5800_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/S00289-005-0414-1\/METRICS","volume":"55","author":"X Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang, X., Du, Y., Fan, L., et al. (2005). Chitosan- metal complexes as antimicrobial agent: Synthesis, characterization and Structure-activity study. Polymer Bulletin, 55, 105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00289-005-0414-1\/METRICS","journal-title":"Polymer Bulletin"},{"key":"5800_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2010.12.004","volume":"48","author":"S Adewuyi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adewuyi, S., Kareem, K. T., Atayese, A. O., et al. (2011). Chitosan\u2013cobalt(II) and nickel(II) chelates as antibacterial agents. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 48, 301\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.IJBIOMAC.2010.12.004","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"key":"5800_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES22111987","volume":"22","author":"H Barbosa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barbosa, H., Attjioui, M., Ferreira, A. P. G., et al. (2017). Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of biopolymeric Schiff bases prepared with chitosan and salicylaldehydes and their Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Molecules, 22, Article 1987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES22111987","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5800_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.3390\/POLYM13162690\/S1","volume":"13","author":"M Ignatova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ignatova, M., Manolova, N., Rashkov, I., et al. (2021). 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid-containing poly(Vinyl alcohol)\/chitosan electrospun materials and their Cu2\u2009+\u2009and Fe3\u2009+\u2009complexes: Preparation, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities. Polymers (Basel), 13, 2690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/POLYM13162690\/S1","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:14:29Z","timestamp":1790144069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05800-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study did not involve human participants or animals; therefore, ethical approval was not required.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Ethical Approval<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Consent to Publish<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"AI-assisted tools were used only for language and writing improvement; the scientific content was prepared by the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI declaration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}