{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:47:12Z","timestamp":1792079232245,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Biochem Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:27:49Z","timestamp":1784874469000},"page":"8482-8507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antidiabetic Effect of Coronopus Didymus, Azadirachta Indica and Their Active Compound Quercetin Against STZ-NA Induced Diabetes Mice Models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Waqas","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misbah","family":"Sehar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yow-Ling","family":"Shiue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR1","volume":"7","author":"J-C Henquin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henquin, J.-C., Ibrahim, M. M., & Rahier, J. (2017). Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin stores in the pancreas of subjects with type-2 diabetes and their lean and obese non-diabetic controls. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 11015.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"5851_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","volume":"44","author":"A American Diabetes","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Diabetes, A. (2021). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142021. Diabetes care, 44(Supplement_1), S15\u2013S33.","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR3","volume":"9","author":"KMV Narayan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narayan, K. M. V., et al. (2021). Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 9(1), Article e001988.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care"},{"key":"5851_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108564","author":"A Esmaeilzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Esmaeilzadeh, A., et al. (2023). The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathophysiology. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108564","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201102095","volume":"194","author":"T Finkel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finkel, T. (2011). Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species. Journal of Cell Biology, 194(1), 7\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"5851_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2256","volume":"8","author":"B D\u2019Autr\u00e9aux","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u2019Autr\u00e9aux, B., & Toledano, M. B. (2007). ROS as signalling molecules: Mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 8(10), 813\u2013824.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"issue":"13","key":"5851_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160103","volume":"473","author":"R Curi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curi, R., et al. (2016). Regulatory principles in metabolism\u2013then and now. Biochemical Journal, 473(13), 1845\u20131857.","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"5851_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21525","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141121525","volume":"14","author":"D Pitocco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pitocco, D., et al. (2013). Oxidative stress in diabetes: Implications for vascular and other complications. International journal of molecular sciences, 14(11), 21525\u201321550.","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","volume":"83","author":"DJ Newman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (1981). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770\u2013803.","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"},{"key":"5851_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204848","volume":"29","author":"Q Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Q., et al. (2024). Identification of the hypoglycemic active components of Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules, 29, Article 4848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29204848","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"5851_CR11","volume":"1318","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Z., et al. (2024). Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation and molecular docking analysis of four new compounds isolated from M. oleifera seeds. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1318, Article 139269.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Structure"},{"key":"5851_CR12","volume":"267","author":"J Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, J., et al. (2024). Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activities of a purified polysaccharide from fruits remnants of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 267, Article 131534.","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6688855","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6688855","volume":"2021","author":"W Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, W., et al. (2021). Antioxidant Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides in D-Galactose-Induced Heart Aging Mice. BioMed Research International, 2021(1), 6688855.","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"4","key":"5851_CR14","first-page":"281","volume":"4","author":"SK Pal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pal, S. K., & Shukla, Y. (2003). Herbal medicine: Current status and the future. Asian pacific journal of cancer prevention, 4(4), 281\u2013288.","journal-title":"Asian pacific journal of cancer prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010083","volume":"12","author":"K Rizwan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rizwan, K., et al. (2022). Phytochemistry and diverse pharmacology of genus mimosa: A review. Biomolecules, 12(1), 83.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"5851_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109051","volume":"279","author":"S Vuppula","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vuppula, S., et al. (2025). Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites as biocontrol agents: Targeting dengue vector larvae through histological and molecular pathways. Experimental Parasitology, 279, Article 109051.","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR17","volume":"40","author":"SA Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain, S. A., et al. (2025). Synergistic effects of copper oxide-stigmasterol nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic strategy for oral pathogen biofilms and oral cancer. Materials Technology, 40(1), Article 2476999.","journal-title":"Materials Technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"5851_CR18","first-page":"4015","volume":"14","author":"N Bellance","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellance, N., Lestienne, P., & Rossignol, R. (2009). Mitochondria: From bioenergetics to the metabolic regulation of carcinogenesis. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 14(11), 4015\u20134034.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630015179","volume":"15","author":"P Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, P., Singh, V. K., & Singh, A. K. (2019). Molecular docking analysis of candidate compoundsderived from medicinal plants with type 2 diabetes mellitus targets. Bioinformation, 15(3), 179.","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"5851_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5561129","author":"R Arif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arif, R., et al. (2021). Molecular docking and simulation studies of antidiabetic agents devised from hypoglycemic polypeptide-p of Momordica charantia. BioMed Research International. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5561129","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"5851_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020428","author":"M Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali, M., et al. (2024). Screening of multitarget compounds against acetaminophen hepatic toxicity using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29020428","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.01.019","volume":"104","author":"B Sultana","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sultana, B., Anwar, F., & Przybylski, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food chemistry, 104(3), 1106\u20131114.","journal-title":"Food chemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"5851_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7703","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06777-0","volume":"48","author":"M Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali, M., et al. (2021). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Artemisia absinthium and Citrus paradisi extracts repress viability of aggressive liver cancer cell line. Molecular biology reports, 48(12), 7703\u20137710.","journal-title":"Molecular biology reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR24","first-page":"519084","volume":"2012","author":"S Luqman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luqman, S., et al. (2012). Experimental assessment of Moringa oleifera leaf and fruit for its antistress, antioxidant, and scavenging potential using in vitro and in vivo assays. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012(1), 519084.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"5851_CR25","first-page":"p50166","volume":"73","author":"BC Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans, B. C., et al. (2013). Ex vivo red blood cell hemolysis assay for the evaluation of pH-responsive endosomolytic agents for cytosolic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE, 73, p50166.","journal-title":"Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE"},{"key":"5851_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-2005-8","author":"OO Ogbole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogbole, O. O., Segun, P. A., & Adeniji, A. J. (2017). In vitro cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants from Nigeria ethnomedicine on rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell line and HPLC analysis of active extracts. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-2005-8","journal-title":"BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.468","volume":"28","author":"SK Mantena","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mantena, S. K., et al. (2005). Antiallergic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Coronopus didymus L INN. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(3), 468\u2013472.","journal-title":"Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"5851_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.12.008","volume":"33","author":"Y Kalender","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalender, Y., et al. (2012). Protective effects of catechin and quercetin on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and testis-histoarchitecture induced by chlorpyrifos in male rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33(2), 141\u2013148.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5851_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12329","volume":"32","author":"E Gumuslu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gumuslu, E., et al. (2018). Exenatide upregulates gene expression of glucagon-like peptide\u20101 receptor and nerve growth factor in streptozotocin\/nicotinamide\u2010induced diabetic mice. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 174\u2013180.","journal-title":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"5851_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-023-05637-x","volume":"29","author":"PH Callil-Soares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Callil-Soares, P. H., Biasi, L. C. K., Pessoa, P. A., & Filho (2023). Effect of preprocessing and simulation parameters on the performance of molecular docking studies. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 29(8), 251.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Modeling"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR31","first-page":"293","volume":"11","author":"F Anwar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anwar, F., & Przybylski, R. (2012). Effect of solvents extraction on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of extracts from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L). ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 11(3), 293\u2013302.","journal-title":"ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria"},{"issue":"2","key":"5851_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2014.05.001","volume":"3","author":"S Saravanan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saravanan, S., & Parimelazhagan, T. (2014). In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-diabetic properties of polyphenols of Passiflora ligularis Juss. fruit pulp. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3(2), 56\u201364.","journal-title":"Food Science and Human Wellness"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR33","first-page":"187","volume":"36","author":"A Pandey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pandey, A., et al. (2011). Diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancer. Minerva endocrinologica, 36(3), 187\u2013209.","journal-title":"Minerva endocrinologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"5851_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/014572179702300603","volume":"23","author":"MJ Franz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franz, M. J. (1997). Protein: Metabolism and effect on blood glucose levels. The diabetes educator, 23(6), 643\u2013651.","journal-title":"The diabetes educator"},{"issue":"2","key":"5851_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/174182679600300214","volume":"3","author":"JE Hokanson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hokanson, J. E., & Austin, M. A. (1996). Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: A metaanalysis of population-based prospective studies. European journal of cardiovascular prevention & rehabilitation, 3(2), 213\u2013219.","journal-title":"European journal of cardiovascular prevention & rehabilitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"5851_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90152-X","volume":"48","author":"EC Opara","year":"1999","unstructured":"Opara, E. C., et al. (1999). Depletion of total antioxidant capacity in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism, 48(11), 1414\u20131417.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19910073","volume":"50","author":"J Strain","year":"1991","unstructured":"Strain, J. (1991). Disturbances of micronutrient and antioxidant status in diabetes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 50(3), 591\u2013604.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"5851_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086978","author":"H Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, H., Wu, H., & Li, Z. (2023). The pathogenesis of diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24086978","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"5851_CR39","volume":"14","author":"M Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su, M., et al. (2023). Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: A research review. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, Article 1243834.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"5851_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(02)00297-6","volume":"74","author":"BK Rao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rao, B. K., Kesavulu, M. M., & Apparao, C. (2003). Evolution of antidiabetic effect of Momordica cynobalaria Fruit in alloxan diabetic rats. J Fitoterapia, 74, 7\u201313.","journal-title":"J Fitoterapia"},{"key":"5851_CR41","volume":"380","author":"RN Razliqi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Razliqi, R. N., et al. (2023). Gentisic acid protects against diabetic nephropathy in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin administered male mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: The role of miR-200a\/Keap1\/Nrf2 pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NF-\u043aB. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 380, Article 110507.","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"5851_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kay, A. M., Simpson, C. L., & Stewart, J. A., Jr. (2016). The role of AGE\/RAGE signaling in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. Journal of Diabetes Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6809703","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6809703"},{"key":"5851_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Accili, D., Deng, Z., & Liu, Q. (2025). Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, pp. 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01114-y"},{"key":"5851_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A. W., & Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A. M. (2025). Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: novel mechanisms and mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Nature Reviews Cardiology, pp. 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01115-w"},{"key":"5851_CR45","volume":"1849","author":"Y Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian, Y., et al. (2025). Neuroprotective effects of traditional Chinese medicine Naofucong on diabetic cognitive impairment: Mechanisms involving insulin-degrading enzyme-mediated degradation of Amyloid-\u03b2 and inhibition of ERK\/JNK\/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Brain Research, 1849, Article 149365.","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"5851_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734099274407231207070451","volume":"21","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, J., et al. (2025). Exploration of pharmacological mechanisms of dapagliflozin against type 2 diabetes mellitus through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis and deep learning technology. Current Computer-Aided Drug Design, 21(4), 452\u2013465.","journal-title":"Current Computer-Aided Drug Design"},{"key":"5851_CR47","volume":"136","author":"Q Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng, Q., et al. (2025). Phillygenin improves diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis via regulating TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathways. Phytomedicine, 136, Article 156314.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"5851_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102954","volume":"12","author":"D Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, D., et al. (2020). Quercetin alleviates ferroptosis of pancreatic \u03b2 cells in type 2 diabetes. Nutrients, 12(10), 2954.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5851_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.06.041","volume":"111","author":"D Das","year":"2013","unstructured":"Das, D., et al. (2013). Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 111, 556\u2013560.","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"5851_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.074","volume":"194","author":"H Noreen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noreen, H., Farman, M., & McCullagh, J. S. O. (2016). Bioassay-guided isolation of cytotoxic flavonoids from aerial parts of Coronopus didymus. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 194, 971\u2013980.","journal-title":"Journal of ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111938","volume":"76","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"1985","unstructured":"DeFronzo, R. A., et al. (1985). Effects of insulin on peripheral and splanchnic glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical investigation, 76(1), 149\u2013155.","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5851_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33713","volume":"36","author":"S Nair","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nair, S., et al. (2002). Is obesity an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis? Hepatology, 36(1), 150\u2013155.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5851_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.09.020","volume":"56","author":"B Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun, B., & Karin, M. (2012). Obesity, inflammation, and liver cancer. Journal of hepatology, 56(3), 704\u2013713.","journal-title":"Journal of hepatology"}],"container-title":["Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:16:48Z","timestamp":1792077408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-026-05851-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0273-2289","1559-0291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0273-2289","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Biosafety\/Bioethics Committee (IBC), at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Approval No. D#4421\/ORIC-UAF, dated 21-08-2023) and conducted following the National Biosafety Guidelines 2005 (Amended 2024), the Punjab Animal Health Act, 2019 and Institutional Bioethics Protocols.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional Review Board Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}