{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:12:20Z","timestamp":1781521940205,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Trace Elem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T15:22:57Z","timestamp":1545146577000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Effects of Magnesium and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Hormonal Status and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Shokrpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zatollah","family":"Asemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218","volume":"31","author":"G Bozdag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, Karabulut E, Yildiz BO (2016) The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 31:2841\u20132855","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554928","volume":"33","author":"CE Boots","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boots CE, Jungheim ES (2015) Inflammation and human ovarian follicular dynamics. Semin Reprod Med 33:270\u2013275","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"1602_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shorakae S, Teede H, de Courten B, Lambert G, Boyle J, Moran LJ (2015) The emerging role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Med 33: 257\u2013269","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556568"},{"key":"1602_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1371691","volume":"34","author":"T Artimani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Artimani T, Karimi J, Mehdizadeh M et al (2018) Evaluation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and its association with inflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gynecol Endocrinol 34:148\u2013152","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9592-5","volume":"152","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Ghosh S, Goswami SK, Kabir SN, Chakravarty B, Jana K (2013) Altered trace mineral milieu might play an aetiological role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 152:9\u201315","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1602_CR6","first-page":"421","volume":"39","author":"D Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang D, Luo WY, Liao H, Wang CF, Sun Y (2008) The effects of oxidative stress to PCOS. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 39:421\u2013423","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"1602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4678","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170525153605","volume":"23","author":"LE Simental-Mendia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simental-Mendia LE, Sahebkar A, Rodriguez-Moran M, Zambrano-Galvan G, Guerrero-Romero F (2017) Effect of magnesium supplementation on plasma c-reactive protein concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Pharm Des 23:4678\u20134686","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1056-5","volume":"181","author":"R Razzaghi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Razzaghi R, Pidar F, Momen-Heravi M, Bahmani F, Akbari H, Asemi Z (2018) Magnesium supplementation and the effects on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 181:207\u2013215","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1602_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.296","volume":"69","author":"S Saboori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saboori S, Shab-Bidar S, Speakman JR, Yousefi Rad E, Djafarian K (2015) Effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 69:867\u2013873","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.07.001","volume":"29","author":"M Dou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dou M, Ma AG, Wang QZ et al (2009) Supplementation with magnesium and vitamin E were more effective than magnesium alone to decrease plasma lipids and blood viscosity in diabetic rats. Nutr Res 29:519\u2013524","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"1602_CR11","first-page":"713","volume":"43","author":"W Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang W, Ma A, Wang Q, Mao R, Li C (2014) Effects of vitamin E and magnesium on glucolipid metabolism in obese rats. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 43:713\u2013718","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"1602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.4.1002","volume":"34","author":"M Barbagallo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Tagliamonte MR, Resnick LM, Paolisso G (1999) Effects of vitamin E and glutathione on glucose metabolism: role of magnesium. Hypertension 34:1002\u20131006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1602_CR13","first-page":"19","volume":"81","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81:19\u201325","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1602_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8","volume":"140","author":"R Hatch","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hatch R, Rosenfield RL, Kim MH, Tredway D (1981) Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 140:815\u2013830","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1602_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.12.011","volume":"44","author":"E Tatsch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tatsch E, Bochi GV, Pereira Rda S et al (2011) A simple and inexpensive automated technique for measurement of serum nitrite\/nitrate. Clin Biochem 44:348\u2013350","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","volume":"239","author":"IF Benzie","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benzie IF, Strain JJ (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239:70\u201376","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"1602_CR17","first-page":"581","volume":"105","author":"E Beutler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beutler E, Gelbart T (1985) Plasma glutathione in health and in patients with malignant disease. J Lab Clin Med 105:581\u2013584","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"1602_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90131-2","volume":"9","author":"DR Janero","year":"1990","unstructured":"Janero DR (1990) Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 9:515\u2013540","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1602_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1198-5","volume":"184","author":"F Afshar Ebrahimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Afshar Ebrahimi F, Foroozanfard F, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F, Asemi Z (2018) The effects of magnesium and zinc co-supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and gene expression related to inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 184:300\u2013307","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1602_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.09.015","volume":"34","author":"Z Asemi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asemi Z, Foroozanfard F, Hashemi T, Bahmani F, Jamilian M, Esmaillzadeh A (2015) Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation affects glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 34:586\u2013592","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1602_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12840","volume":"83","author":"F Foroozanfard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Foroozanfard F, Jamilian M, Bahmani F et al (2015) Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation influences biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight and vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Endocrinol 83:888\u2013894","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"1602_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1085-0","volume":"182","author":"M Maktabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maktabi M, Jamilian M, Asemi Z (2018) Magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation improves hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 182:21\u201328","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1602_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-117773","volume":"125","author":"FA Ebrahimi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ebrahimi FA, Samimi M, Foroozanfard F et al (2017) The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on indices of insulin resistance and hormonal parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 125:353\u2013359","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"1602_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Izadi A, Ebrahimi S, Shirzai S et al (2018) Hormonal and metabolic effects of coenzyme q10 and\/or vitamin e in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-01221","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01221"},{"key":"1602_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9753-4","volume":"22","author":"AM Mondul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondul AM, Rohrmann S, Menke A et al (2011) Association of serum alpha-tocopherol with sex steroid hormones and interactions with smoking: implications for prostate cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 22:827\u2013836","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"1602_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984741","volume":"25","author":"SK Blank","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blank SK, McCartney CR, Helm KD, Marshall JC (2007) Neuroendocrine effects of androgens in adult polycystic ovary syndrome and female puberty. Semin Reprod Med 25:352\u2013359","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"1602_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1896","volume":"101","author":"A Dokras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dokras A, Sarwer DB, Allison KC et al (2016) Weight loss and lowering androgens predict improvements in health-related quality of life in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:2966\u20132974","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1602_CR28","first-page":"258","volume":"84","author":"A Boztosun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boztosun A, Acmaz G, Ozturk A, Muderris II (2013) Clinical efficacy of low dose flutamide plus Diane-35 in the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome. Ginekol Pol 84:258\u2013262","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"1602_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-2997(02)00090-0","volume":"24","author":"M Barbagallo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A et al (2003) Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Asp Med 24:39\u201352","journal-title":"Mol Asp Med"},{"key":"1602_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719732","volume":"27","author":"MR Rizzo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rizzo MR, Abbatecola AM, Barbieri M et al (2008) Evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of combined administration of vitamin E and C in older persons with impaired fasting glucose: impact on insulin action. J Am Coll Nutr 27:505\u2013511","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1602_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrovic J, Stanic D, Dmitrasinovic G et al (2016) Magnesium supplementation diminishes peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA oxidative damage in athletes and sedentary young man. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2016(2019643)","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2019643"},{"key":"1602_CR32","first-page":"607","volume":"17","author":"N Moslehi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moslehi N, Vafa M, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Golestan B (2012) Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on inflammatory markers in middle-aged overweight women. J Res Med Sci 17:607\u2013614","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"1602_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1159\/000346427","volume":"69","author":"M Mortazavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mortazavi M, Moeinzadeh F, Saadatnia M, Shahidi S, McGee JC, Minagar A (2013) Effect of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation among hemodialysis patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neurol 69:309\u2013316","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"1602_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2016.1182112","volume":"72","author":"S Kasperczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A et al (2017) alpha-Tocopherol supplementation and the oxidative stress, homocysteine, and antioxidants in lead exposure. Arch Environ Occup Health 72:153\u2013158","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"key":"1602_CR35","first-page":"705","volume":"128","author":"A Nadeem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nadeem A, Raj HG, Chhabra SK (2008) Effect of vitamin E supplementation with standard treatment on oxidant-antioxidant status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indian J Med Res 128:705\u2013711","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"1602_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.010","volume":"204","author":"S Rajendran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rajendran S, Willoughby SR, Chan WP et al (2009) Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with severe platelet and endothelial dysfunction in both obese and lean subjects. Atherosclerosis 204:509\u2013514","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1602_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.05.005","volume":"191","author":"BN Hyderali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hyderali BN, Mala K (2015) Oxidative stress and cardiovascular complications in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 191:15\u201322","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1602_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.119","volume":"174","author":"E Aneiros","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aneiros E, Philipp S, Lis A, Freichel M, Cavalie A (2005) Modulation of Ca2+ signaling by Na+\/Ca2+ exchangers in mast cells. J Immunol 174:119\u2013130","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1602_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.03.031","volume":"458","author":"A Mazur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mazur A, Maier JA, Rock E, Gueux E, Nowacki W, Rayssiguier Y (2007) Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential physiopathological implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 458:48\u201356","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"1602_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.035","volume":"72","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang Q (2014) Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 72:76\u201390","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Biological Trace Element Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T19:21:30Z","timestamp":1576610490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1602-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4984","1559-0720"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4984","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0720","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial is registered in the Iranian clinical trials website (: IRCT2017082733941N8), has followed the Declaration of Helsinki guideline, and informed consent was given by all participants. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (AUMS).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}