{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:13:10Z","timestamp":1789873990083,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Project","award":["201771796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201771796"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81402639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81402639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81620108026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81620108026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Trace Elem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T04:31:42Z","timestamp":1559968302000},"page":"96-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Serious Selenium Deficiency in the Serum of Patients with Kashin\u2013Beck Disease and the Effect of Nano-Selenium on Their Chondrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Liyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1466","volume":"68","author":"JK Wrobel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wrobel JK, Power R, Toborek M (2015) Biological activity of selenium: revisited. IUBMB Life 68:97\u2013105","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"1759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2013.12.007","volume":"39","author":"DL Hatfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatfield DL, Tsuji PA, Carlson BA, Gladyshev VN (2014) Selenium and selenocysteine: roles in cancer, health, and development. Trends Biochem Sci 39:112\u2013120","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"1759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:106:2:123","volume":"106","author":"M Yazar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yazar M, Sarban S, Kocyigit A, Isikan UE (2005) Synovial fluid and plasma selenium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 106:123\u2013132","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-010-8826-7","volume":"142","author":"S \u00d6nal","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00d6nal S, Naz\u0131ro\u011flu M, \u00c7olak M, Bulut V, Flores-Arce MF (2011) Effects of different medical treatments on serum copper, selenium and zinc levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 142:447\u2013455","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR5","first-page":"1104","volume":"14","author":"A Peretz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peretz A, Neve J, Vertongen F, Famaey JP, Molle L (1987) Selenium status in relation to clinical variables and corticosteroid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 14:1104\u20131107","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1759_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"172","author":"N Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu N, Han F, Lin X, Tang C, Ye J, Cai X (2015) The association between serum selenium levels with rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 172:1\u20137","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00502","volume":"92","author":"XW Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi XW, Guo X, Ren FL, Li J, Wu XM (2010) The effect of short tandem repeat loci and low selenium levels on endemic osteoarthritis in China. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:72\u201380","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1759_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005669","volume":"95","author":"FF Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu FF, Zhang YX, Zhang LH, Li WR, Guo X, Lammi MJ (2016) Identified molecular mechanism of interaction between environmental risk factors and differential expression genes in cartilage of Kashin\u2013Beck disease. Medicine 95:e5669","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1759_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0495-0","volume":"171","author":"R Lei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lei R, Jiang N, Zhang Q, Hu S, Dennis BS, He S, Guo X (2016) Prevalence of selenium, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol in Kashin-Beck disease areas in Qinghai Province, Northwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res 171:34\u201340","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-0988-0","volume":"180","author":"Y Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo Y, Li H, Yang L, Li Y, Wei B, Wang W, Gong H, Guo M, Nima C, Zhao S, Wang J (2017) Trace element levels in scalp hair of school children in Shigatse, Tibet, an endemic area for Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD). Biol Trace Elem Res 180:15\u201322","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2335-7","volume":"33","author":"F Guan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guan F, Li S, Wang ZL, Yang H, Xue S, Wang W, Song D, Zhou X, Zhou W, Chen JH, Caterson B, Hughes C (2013) Histopathology of chondronecrosis development in knee articular cartilage in a rat model of Kashin\u2013Beck disease using T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency conditions. Rheumatol Int 33:157\u2013166","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1759_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.003","volume":"18","author":"JT Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu JT, Guo X, Ma WJ, Zhang YG, Xu P, Yao JF, Bai YD (2010) Mitochondrial function is altered in articular chondrocytes of an endemic osteoarthritis, Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthr Cartil 18:1218\u20131226","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"1759_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-012-9421-2","volume":"29","author":"S Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li S, Cao J, Caterson B, Hughes CE (2012) Proteoglycan metabolism, cell death and Kashin-Beck disease. Glycoconj J 29:241\u2013248","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"1759_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.02.803","volume":"25","author":"J Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han J, Li D, Qu C, Wang D, Wang L, Guo X, Lammi MJ (2017) Altered expression of chondroitin sulfate structure modifying sulfotransferases in the articular cartilage from adult osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthr Cartil 25:1372\u20131375","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"1759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-013-9610-x","volume":"26","author":"J Yan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yan J, Zheng Y, Min Z, Min Z, Ning Q, Lu S (2013) Selenium effect on selenoprotein transcriptome in chondrocytes. Biometals 26:285\u2013296","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"1759_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.08.015","volume":"359","author":"X Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai X, Song R, Xiong Y (2017) The expression of ERK and JNK in patients with an endemic osteochondropathy, Kashin-Beck disease. Exp Cell Res 359:337\u2013341","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"1759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-017-9761-z","volume":"34","author":"L Djerbal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Djerbal L, Lortat-Jacob H, Kwok J (2017) Chondroitin sulfates and their binding molecules in the central nervous system. Glycoconj J 34:1\u201314","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"1759_CR18","first-page":"225","volume":"33","author":"J Han","year":"2013","unstructured":"Han J, Guo X, Wu C, Li C, He S, Duan C, Ning Y (2013) Nano-Se-chondroitin sulfate inhibits T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis of cultured chondrocytes from patients with Kashin-Beck disease. Journal of Southern Medical University 33:225\u2013229","journal-title":"Journal of Southern Medical University"},{"key":"1759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.03.013","volume":"20","author":"J Yue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yue J, Yang M, Yi S, Dong B, Li W, Yang Z, Lu J, Zhang R, Yong J (2012) Chondroitin sulfate and\/or glucosamine hydrochloride for Kashin-Beck disease: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled study. Osteoarthr Cartil 20:622\u2013629","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"1759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.04.068","volume":"90","author":"J Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han J, Guo X, Lei Y, Dennis BS, Wu S, Wu C (2012) Synthesis and characterization of selenium-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 90:122\u2013126","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"1759_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2267-6","volume":"32","author":"CX Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao CX, Zhang YG, Wu SX, Younas MI, Guo X (2013) Association of clinical features of bone and joint lesions between children and parents with Kashin-Beck disease in Northwest China. Clin Rheumatol 32:1309\u20131316","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1759_CR22","unstructured":"Ropes MW, Bennett GA, Cobb S, Jacox R, Jessar RA (1958) 1958 Revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 9:175\u2013176"},{"key":"1759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.04.002","volume":"7","author":"R Forestier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Forestier R, Francon A, Briole V, Genty MC, Chevalier X, Richette P (2011) Diagnostic criteria for generalized osteoarthritis: a preliminary study in a population with knee osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 7:424\u2013426","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"1759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.03.021","volume":"76","author":"J Wan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wan J, Zhang M, Adhikari B (2018) Advances in selenium-enriched foods: from the farm to the fork. Trends Food Sci Technol 76:1\u20135","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"1759_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.11.003","volume":"34","author":"J Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han J, Liang H, Yi J, Tan W, He S, Wu X, Shi X, Ma J, Guo X (2016) Selenium deficiency induced damages and altered expressions of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (MMP1\/3, TIMP1\/3) in the kidneys of growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 34:11\u201334","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"1759_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0781-5","volume":"175","author":"J Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han J, Liang H, Yi J, Tan W, He S, Wang S, Li F, Wu X, Ma J, Shi X, Guo X, Bai C (2017) Long-term selenium-deficient diet induces liver damage by altering hepatocyte ultrastructure and MMP1\/3 and TIMP1\/3 expression in growing rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 175:1\u20139","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.02.008","volume":"23","author":"X Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou X, Smith AM, Failla ML, Yu Z, Hill KE (2012) Estrogen status alters tissue distribution and metabolism of selenium in female rats. J Nutr Biochem 23:532\u2013538","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"1759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2003.10719274","volume":"22","author":"EJ Ha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ha EJ, Smith AM (2003) Plasma selenium and plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity increase with estrogen during the menstrual cycle. J Am Coll Nutr 22:43\u201351","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1759_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.01.005","volume":"418","author":"HJ Moon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moon HJ, Ko WK, Han SW, Kim DS, Hwang YS, Park HK, Kwon IK (2012) Antioxidants, like coenzyme Q10, selenite, and curcumin, inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing reactive oxygen species generation. Biochem Bioph Res Co 418:247\u2013253","journal-title":"Biochem Bioph Res Co"},{"key":"1759_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.11.016","volume":"243","author":"Z Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Z, Gu D, Zhou M, Shi H, Yan S, Cai Y (2016) Regulatory role of miR-125a\/b in the suppression by selenium of cadmium-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in LLC-PK1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 243:35\u201344","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"1759_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.03.130","volume":"180","author":"X Jin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin X, Xu Z, Zhao X, Chen M, Xu S (2017) The antagonistic effect of selenium on lead-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial dynamics pathway in the chicken kidney. Chemosphere 180:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"1759_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23294","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.757328","volume":"291","author":"T Izumikawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Izumikawa T, Dejima K, Watamoto Y, Nomura KH, Kanaki N, Rikitake M, Tou M, Murata D, Yanagita E, Kano A, Mitani S, Nomura K, Kitagawa H (2016) Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase is indispensable for sulfation of chondroitin and plays an important role in maintaining normal life span and oxidative stress responses in nematodes. J Biol Chem 291:23294\u201323304","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1759_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20111472","volume":"441","author":"T Izumikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Izumikawa T, Koike T, Kitagawa H (2012) Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-2 regulates the number of chondroitin sulfate chains initiated by chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1. Biochem J 441:697\u2013705","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1759_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34766","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204907200","volume":"277","author":"HG Kang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kang HG, Evers MR, Xia G, Baenziger JU, Schachner M (2002) Molecular cloning and characterization of chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase-3. A novel member of the HNK-1 family of sulfotransferases. J Biol Chem 277:34766\u201334772","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1759_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43894","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104922200","volume":"276","author":"S Ohtake","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ohtake S, Ito Y, Fukuta M, Habuchi O (2001) Human N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase cDNA is related to human B cell recombination activating gene-associated gene. J Biol Chem 276:43894\u201343900","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1759_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34728","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M909633199","volume":"275","author":"Y Ito","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ito Y, Habuchi O (2000) Purification and characterization of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase from the squid cartilage. J Biol Chem 275:34728\u201334736","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1759_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-012-9517-y","volume":"25","author":"JL Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li JL, Li HX, Li S, Gao XJ, Xu SW, Tang ZX (2012) Effects of Selenoprotein W gene expression by selenium involves regulation of mRNA stability in chicken embryos neurons. Biometals 25:459\u2013468","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"1759_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39115","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508816200","volume":"280","author":"S Ohtake","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ohtake S, Kimata K, Habuchi O (2005) Recognition of sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate by uronosyl 2-O-sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem 280:39115\u201339123","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1759_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zhou Y, Yan S, Qu CJ, Wang LY, Guo X, Han J (2019) Decreased expression of CHST-12, CHST-13, and UST in the proximal interphalangeal joint cartilage of school-age children with Kashin\u2013Beck disease: an endemic osteoarthritis in China caused by selenium deficiency. Biol Trace Elem Res:1\u201310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-1642-9"},{"key":"1759_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.05.012","volume":"22","author":"M Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo M, Chen J, Li S, Sun H, Zhang Z, Fu Q, Li J, Wang J, Hughes CE, Caterson B, Cao J (2014) Changes in the metabolism of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage from patients with Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:986\u2013995","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"1759_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4145","volume":"16","author":"Z Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang Z, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR (2012) The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 16:705\u2013743","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"1759_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19179","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.200790","volume":"286","author":"B Ruffell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruffell B, Poon GF, Lee SS, Brown KL, Tjew SL, Cooper J, Johnson P (2011) Differential use of chondroitin sulfate to regulate hyaluronan binding by receptor CD44 in inflammatory and interleukin 4-activated macrophages. J Biol Chem 286:19179\u201319190","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Biological Trace Element Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T23:28:55Z","timestamp":1591486135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01759-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4984","1559-0720"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4984","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0720","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University. All subjects provided a written informed consent for participation in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}