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However, whole blood THg includes other forms of mercury (Hg), such as inorganic Hg, which have different exposure sources and toxicological effects than MeHg. Therefore, estimating the whole blood MeHg\/THg ratio is critical to predicting MeHg exposure and, subsequently, efforts to establish an exposure\u2013response relationship for use in risk assessment. A large, representative dataset (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011\u20132016) was used to determine the whole blood MeHg\/THg ratio among (a) self-reported fish and shellfish consumers,\u2009\u2265\u200915\u00a0years of age (the \u201cfull adult\u201d population (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095268 training dataset;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092336 test dataset)) and (b) female fish and shellfish consumers, 15\u201344\u00a0years of age (the \u201cwomen of reproductive age\u201d population (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091285 training dataset;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009560 test dataset)). Unadjusted and adjusted linear and spline models with direct measurements for both THg and MeHg were evaluated. The mean whole blood MeHg\/THg ratio was 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 0.75). This ratio was significantly higher among those with higher THg concentrations. All models exhibited excellent fit (adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    from 0.957 to 0.982). Performance was slightly improved in spline versus linear models. For the full adult population and women of reproductive age, the unadjusted spline model predicted whole blood MeHg concentrations of 5.65\u00a0\u00b5g\/L and 5.55\u00a0\u00b5g\/L, respectively, when the THg concentration was 5.80\u00a0\u00b5g\/L. These results suggest that whole blood THg is a good predictor of whole blood MeHg among fish and shellfish consumers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02968-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T22:02:18Z","timestamp":1634940138000},"page":"3867-3875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Total Blood Mercury Predicts Methylmercury Exposure in Fish and Shellfish Consumers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Kopylev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Congleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-8766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2968_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.07.011","volume":"222","author":"F Barbone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbone F, Rosolen V, Mariuz M et al (2019) Prenatal mercury exposure and child neurodevelopment outcomes at 18 months: results from the Mediterranean PHIME cohort. 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