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However, overdosing can lead to severe symptoms and even fatalities. Chronic Cu intoxication continues to be a problem in grazing and domestic animals, with sheep being particularly sensitive. There are few comparative studies on its impact on South American camelids (SACs). Therefore, this work presents the results of literature research combined with a case report on a 3-year-old female vicu\u00f1a (<jats:italic>Vicugna vicugna<\/jats:italic>) presented to the clinic from a zoological garden in northern Germany. The animal showed reduced food intake, recumbency, bruxism, icteric mucous membranes and sclera. Auscultation revealed atony of the third compartment and the digestive tract. Similar to cases described in the literature, the animal showed rapid deterioration of its condition with unspecific symptoms of liver failure and rapid death. However, in contrast to descriptions in sheep, clinical icterus has not been previously reported in cases of other SACs. Laboratory findings from EDTA and serum samples revealed neutrophilia with a left shift, hypoproteinaemia, lymphopaenia, azotaemia, elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in the serum. Hyperbilirubinaemia and significantly elevated serum and liver Cu levels were observed. Subsequent blood samples from the remaining vicu\u00f1as and alpacas in the same enclosure showed no remarkable abnormalities. To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, this case report represents the first documented case of Cu intoxication specifically in vicu\u00f1as.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04102-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T13:02:37Z","timestamp":1709211757000},"page":"5453-5464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Copper Intoxication in South American Camelids\u2014Review of the Literature and First Report of a Case in a Vicu\u00f1a (Vicugna vicugna)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Marahrens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"von D\u00f6rnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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