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Although various antioxidants have been explored for protection, the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>M. crystallinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) \u2013 a flavonoid and phenolic-rich halophyte- remains understudied in this context. According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3 on Good Health and Well-Being and SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production this novel research evaluated the protective potential of\n                    <jats:italic>M. crystallinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    aqueous extract (MAE) to mitigate cadmium chloride (CdCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced testicular dysfunction.\u00a0After acclimatization, Eight groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) of forty male rats were allocated into groups: (1) control; (2) CdCl\u2082 (2\u00a0mg\/kg); (3) MAE 200\u00a0mg\/kg; (4) MAE 400\u00a0mg\/kg; (5) CdCl\u2082 + MAE 200\u00a0mg\/kg; (6) CdCl\u2082 + MAE 400\u00a0mg\/kg; (7) MAE (200\u00a0mg\/kg) pre-treatment\u2009+\u2009CdCl\u2082; (8) MAE (400\u00a0mg\/kg) pre-treatment\u2009+\u2009CdCl\u2082. For 14 days, oral treatments were administered.\u00a0HPLC profiling revealed eight major phenolic compounds in\n                    <jats:italic>M. crystallinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    like quercetin and ellagic acid. CdCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure impaired sperm indices, reduced serum LH and testosterone and induced oxidative and histological damage with elevated caspase-3 and TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. MAE treatment especially at 400\u00a0mg\/kg restored hormonal levels, improved sperm quality, normalized antioxidant defense, and preserved testicular architecture. Molecular docking confirmed binding of hesperidin, rutin, and ellagic acid to apoptotic and inflammatory proteins.\u00a0MAE may exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activity, protecting against CdCl\u2082-induced reproductive injury.\n                    <jats:italic>M. crystallinum<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents a sustainable, plant based therapeutic candidate aligned with SDG-driven strategies for combating environmental toxicity-related infertility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-026-04975-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T14:45:29Z","timestamp":1770216329000},"page":"4441-4460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Effects of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum Extract Against Cadmium-Induced Reproductive Oxidative Stress: Experimental and Docking Evidence for a Sustainable Therapeutic Strategy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagar E.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"El-Far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shymaa Sobhy","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Alaa","family":"El-Dein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6761-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menna H. 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