{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:17:55Z","timestamp":1791231475551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kutahya University of Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Trace Elem Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of boric acid (BA) in human nasal polyp cultures, specifically investigating its ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodeling, and to assess its potential as an adjuvant to triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Nasal polyp tissues from 30 patients with CRSwNP, obtained prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery, were cultured ex vivo for 72\u00a0h. Within-patient randomized groups were: control, BA 2.5 mM, TA 10 \u00b5M, BA 2.5 mM\u2009+\u2009TA 10 \u00b5M, and BA 2.5 mM\u2009+\u2009TA 5 \u00b5M. At the endpoint, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-\u03b1) and MMP-9\/TIMP-1 (ELISA\/RT-qPCR), oxidative\u2013antioxidant markers (MDA, GSH, CAT, TAS, TOS; spectrophotometry\/ELISA), apoptosis and cell cycle (flow cytometry), and histopathology (H&amp;E) were assessed. Relative to the control samples, both BA and TA significantly suppressed type-2 cytokines and TNF-\u03b1 at protein and mRNA levels (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Antioxidant responses increased with reductions in MDA and TOS and elevations in TAS and CAT (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). MMP-9 decreased while TIMP-1 increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating improved ECM balance. At the cellular level, early apoptosis increased and G0\/G1 accumulation suggested an antiproliferative effect. Histology showed a reduced inflammatory burden and oedema. In human nasal polyp tissue, we observed that BA attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress while supporting tissue homeostasis, demonstrating a multimodal therapeutic signal. Its combined effect profile with corticosteroids supports clinical evaluation of BA as an innovative adjuvant and a potential component of steroid-sparing strategies in CRSwNP management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T14:47:55Z","timestamp":1773499675000},"page":"5404-5418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of Boric Acid and Triamcinolone in Nasal Polyp Culture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-5634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurullah","family":"T\u00fcre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0969-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meliha Koldemir","family":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcll\u00fc","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1510-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe Ko\u00e7ak","family":"Sezgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2901-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Varol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5040_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.600","volume":"58","author":"WJ Fokkens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C et al (2020) European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology 58:1\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhin20.600","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"5040_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x","volume":"66","author":"D Hastan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C et al (2011) Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe\u2013an underestimated disease. A GA2LEN study. Allergy 66:1216\u20131223","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"5040_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/jtra.10041","volume":"16","author":"CD Hunt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunt CD (2003) Dietary boron: an overview of the evidence for its role in immune function. J Trace Elem Experimental Medicine: Official Publication Int Soc Trace Elem Res Hum 16:291\u2013306","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Experimental Medicine: Official Publication Int Soc Trace Elem Res Hum"},{"key":"5040_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.2164","volume":"9","author":"I Sogut","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sogut I, Oglakci A, Kartkaya K et al (2015) Effect of boric acid on oxidative stress in rats with fetal alcohol syndrome. Exp Ther Med 9:1023\u20131027","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"5040_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lund VJ, Kennedy DW (1995) Quantification for staging sinusitis. 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Sel\u00e7uk T\u0131p Dergisi 39:1\u20136","journal-title":"Sel\u00e7uk T\u0131p Dergisi"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-026-05279-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000}}],"container-title":["Biological Trace Element Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T05:37:07Z","timestamp":1785994627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05040-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0720"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0720","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original version of this article was updated. In \"Materials and Methods \u2013 Study Design and Ethical Approval\", the sentence: \"This single-centre prospective cohort, incorporating an ex vivo, patient-matched randomized block experiment, was conducted in the XXX Health Sciences University (XHSU).\" should read: \"This single-centre prospective cohort, incorporating an ex vivo, patient-matched randomized block experiment, was conducted at K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University (KHSU).\"The following sentence should be added to the Funding section, alongside the existing statement on open access funding provided by T\u00dcB\u0130TAK: This research was supported by the Scientific Research Committee of K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University (Project No. TSA-2024-190).","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05279-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-026-05279-z","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}