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In this study, we collected paired whole semen and seminal plasma samples from 250 male participants aged 26\u201363 years old in Hong Kong. Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels were quantified in both matrices, and inorganic mercury (iHg) level was calculated based on the difference between THg and MeHg. We applied logistic and linear regression to examine associations between Hg levels and semen quality parameters, including normal morphology, total motility, and the number of abnormal semen parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study reporting Hg species concentrations (THg, MeHg, iHg) in human whole semen and seminal plasma samples. We found that the majority of Hg in whole semen and seminal plasma were iHg (65\u201370%). Interestingly, increasing MeHg levels in whole semen would accompany with improving semen quality. In contrast, we showed clearly that both iHg and MeHg, when normalized to total sperm count, would be positively associated with sperm morphology and motility impairment. This study clarified a longstanding problem how Hg content is correlated with semen quality, and the findings demonstrated that iHg, not MeHg, is the dominant form while Hg associated with sperm cells is the key determining factor of its toxicity to the male reproductive system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-026-05181-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:18:52Z","timestamp":1781633932000},"page":"7186-7200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sperm-Associated Mercury Species Levels Determine Its Impairment: Evidence from Paired Analyses of Whole Semen and Seminal Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Mengwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Tsz-Ki","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Chiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Yiu Leung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"5181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.07.004","volume":"43","author":"SA Adelakun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Akingbade GT, Omotoso OD, Aniah JA (2020) Interventions of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena fruits (garden eggs) on mercury chloride induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. 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