{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:08:26Z","timestamp":1778645306441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation joint fund cultivation project","award":["PL2024H136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PL2024H136"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD0503100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0503100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U21A20391, 82370343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20391, 82370343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZD2023H005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2023H005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Open competition mechanism to select the best candidates for key research projects of Ningxia Medical University","award":["XJKF230108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJKF230108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:02:00Z","timestamp":1760522520000},"page":"1903-1913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations of Plasma Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine on Coronary Plaque Characterization in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302782","volume":"114","author":"R Vedanthan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vedanthan, R., Seligman, B., & Fuster, V. (2014). Global perspective on acute coronary syndrome: A burden on the young and poor. Circulation Research, 114, 1959\u20131975.","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10067_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0090-3","volume":"5","author":"B Vogel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vogel, B., Claessen, B. E., Arnold, S. V., Chan, D., Cohen, D. J., Giannitsis, E., Gibson, C. M., Goto, S., Katus, H. A., Kerneis, M., Kimura, T., Kunadian, V., Pinto, D. S., Shiomi, H., Spertus, J. A., Steg, P. G., & Mehran, R. (2019). ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5, Article 39.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"10067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201233260406","volume":"326","author":"V Fuster","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fuster, V., Badimon, L., Badimon, J. J., & Chesebro, J. H. (1992). The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 242\u2013250.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97","volume":"108","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Naghavi, M., Libby, P., Falk, E., Casscells, S. W., Litovsky, S., Rumberger, J., Badimon, J. J., Stefanadis, C., Moreno, P., Pasterkamp, G., Fayad, Z., Stone, P. H., Waxman, S., Raggi, P., Madjid, M., Zarrabi, A., Burke, A., Yuan, C., Fitzgerald, P. J., \u2026 Willerson, J. T. (2003). From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: A call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation, 108, 1664\u20131672.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10067_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.054","volume":"61","author":"J Narula","year":"2013","unstructured":"Narula, J., Nakano, M., Virmani, R., Kolodgie, F. D., Petersen, R., Newcomb, R., Malik, S., Fuster, V., & Finn, A. V. (2013). Histopathologic characteristics of atherosclerotic coronary disease and implications of the findings for the invasive and noninvasive detection of vulnerable plaques. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(10), 1041\u20131051.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10067_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316242","volume":"127","author":"M Witkowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Witkowski, M., Weeks, T. L., & Hazen, S. L. (2020). Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research, 127, 553\u2013570.","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10067_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.016","volume":"180","author":"I Nemet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nemet, I., Saha, P. P., Gupta, N., Zhu, W., Romano, K. A., Skye, S. M., Cajka, T., Mohan, M. L., Li, L., Wu, Y., Funabashi, M., Ramer-Tait, A. E., Naga Prasad, S. V., Fiehn, O., Rey, F. E., Tang, W. H. W., Fischbach, M. A., DiDonato, J. A., & Hazen, S. L. (2020). A cardiovascular disease-linked gut microbial metabolite acts via adrenergic receptors. Cell, 180, 862-877.e822.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10067_CR8","first-page":"e009972","volume":"16","author":"KA Romano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romano, K. A., Nemet, I., Prasad Saha, P., Haghikia, A., Li, X. S., Mohan, M. L., Lovano, B., Castel, L., Witkowski, M., Buffa, J. A., Sun, Y., Li, L., Menge, C. M., Demuth, I., K\u00f6nig, M., Steinhagen-Thiessen, E., DiDonato, J. A., Deb, A., B\u00e4ckhed, F., \u2026 Hazen, S. L. (2023). Gut microbiota-generated phenylacetylglutamine and heart failure. Circulation: Heart Failure, 16, e009972.","journal-title":"Circulation: Heart Failure"},{"key":"10067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.029","volume":"333","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Liu, S., Zhao, Z., Song, X., Qu, H., & Liu, H. (2021). Phenylacetylglutamine is associated with the degree of coronary atherosclerotic severity assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 333, 75\u201382.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.832092","volume":"9","author":"C Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang, C., Zuo, K., Fu, Y., Li, J., Wang, H., Xu, L., & Yang, X. (2022). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolite phenylacetylglutamine in coronary artery disease patients with stent stenosis. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, Article 832092.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.12.013","volume":"17","author":"S Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Tian, Y., Wang, S., Yang, F., Xu, J., Qin, Z., Liu, X., Cao, M., Zhao, P., Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Lin, K., Fang, S., Wang, Z., Han, T., Tian, M., Yin, H., \u2026 Yu, B. (2022). Prognostic value of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17(3), 499\u2013508.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10067_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.038175","author":"P Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Dong, N., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Tian, Y., Qin, Z., Ban, X., Han, F., Meng, L., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Yu, Z., Xu, Q., Li, X., Li, S., Liu, H., Fang, S., Xie, W., \u2026 Tian, J. (2025). Association of circulating phenylacetylglutamine with multi-vessel coronary disease severity and outcomes in ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Heart Association. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.124.038175","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"key":"10067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2024.2319827","volume":"52","author":"HM Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, H. M., Yang, X. Y., Yue, S. J., Wang, W. X., Zhang, Q., Xu, D. Q., Li, J. J., & Tang, Y. P. (2024). The identification of metabolites from gut microbiota in coronary heart disease via network pharmacology. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 52, 145\u2013155.","journal-title":"Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000029927.92825.F6","volume":"106","author":"H Yabushita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yabushita, H., Bouma, B. E., Houser, S. L., Aretz, H. T., Jang, I.-K., Schlendorf, K. H., Kauffman, C. R., Shishkov, M., Kang, D.-H., Halpern, E. F., & Tearney, G. J. (2002). Characterization of human atherosclerosis by optical coherence tomography. Circulation, 106, 1640\u20131645.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000159354.43778.69","volume":"111","author":"IK Jang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jang, I. K., Tearney, G. J., MacNeill, B., Takano, M., Moselewski, F., Iftima, N., Shishkov, M., Houser, S., Aretz, H. T., Halpern, E. F., & Bouma, B. E. (2005). In vivo characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by use of optical coherence tomography. Circulation, 111(12), 1551\u20131555.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187397","volume":"116","author":"K Thygesen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thygesen, K., Alpert, J. S., White, H. D., Jaffe, A. S., Apple, F. S., Galvani, M., Katus, H. A., Newby, L. K., Ravkilde, J., Chaitman, B., Clemmensen, P. M., Dellborg, M., Hod, H., Porela, P., Underwood, R., Bax, J. J., Beller, G. A., Bonow, R., Van der Wall, E. E., \u2026 Al-Attar, N. (2007). Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation, 116, 2634\u20132653.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307891","volume":"36","author":"R Vergallo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vergallo, R., Uemura, S., Soeda, T., Minami, Y., Cho, J. M., Ong, D. S., Aguirre, A. D., Gao, L., Biasucci, L. M., Crea, F., Yu, B., Lee, H., Kim, C. J., & Jang, I. K. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of multiple coronary plaque ruptures. In vivo 3-vessel optical coherence tomography imaging study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 36, 2229\u20132238.","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.5234","author":"T Sugiyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sugiyama, T., Yamamoto, E., Bryniarski, K., Xing, L., Lee, H., Isobe, M., Libby, P., & Jang, I.-K. (2018). Nonculprit plaque characteristics in patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion vs plaque rupture. JAMA Cardiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.5234","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"10067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.071","volume":"62","author":"H Jia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jia, H., Abtahian, F., Aguirre, A. D., Lee, S., Chia, S., Lowe, H., Kato, K., Yonetsu, T., Vergallo, R., Hu, S., Tian, J., Lee, H., Park, S. J., Jang, Y. S., Raffel, O. C., Mizuno, K., Uemura, S., Itoh, T., Kakuta, T., \u2026 Jang, I. K. (2013). In vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome by intravascular optical coherence tomography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62, 1748\u20131758.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10067_CR20","first-page":"1235","volume":"14","author":"M Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao, M., Zhao, L., Ren, X., Wu, T., Yang, G., Du, Z., Yu, H., Dai, J., Li, L., Wang, Y., Wei, G., Ma, L., Xing, L., Tu, Y., Fang, S., Tian, J., Jia, H., Mintz, G. S., & Yu, B. (2021). Pancoronary plaque characteristics in STEMI caused by culprit plaque erosion versus rupture: 3-vessel OCT study. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 14, 1235\u20131245.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz520","volume":"41","author":"F Prati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prati, F., Romagnoli, E., Gatto, L., La Manna, A., Burzotta, F., Ozaki, Y., Marco, V., Boi, A., Fineschi, M., Fabbiocchi, F., Taglieri, N., Niccoli, G., Trani, C., Versaci, F., Calligaris, G., Ruscica, G., Di Giorgio, A., Vergallo, R., Albertucci, M., \u2026 Arbustini, E. (2020). Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: The CLIMA study. European Heart Journal, 41, 383\u2013391.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.04.126","volume":"265","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, X., Xie, Z., Sun, M., Wang, X., Li, J., Cui, J., Zhang, F., Yin, L., Huang, D., Hou, J., Tian, J., & Yu, B. (2018). Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with vulnerable plaque characteristics in CAD patients as assessed by optical coherence tomography. International Journal of Cardiology, 265, 18\u201323.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr597","volume":"28","author":"DJ Stekhoven","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stekhoven, D. J., & Buhlmann, P. (2012). Missforest\u2013non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data. Bioinformatics, 28, 112\u2013118.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13653","volume":"294","author":"H Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, H., Wu, J., Wang, H., Huang, J., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Song, Y., Zhou, Z., Sun, Y., Xiao, L., Peng, L., Chen, C., Zhao, C., & Wang, D. W. (2023). Increased circulating phenylacetylglutamine concentration elevates the predictive value of cardiovascular event risk in heart failure patients. Journal of Internal Medicine, 294, 515\u2013530.","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13989","volume":"9","author":"X Zong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zong, X., Fan, Q., Yang, Q., Pan, R., Zhuang, L., & Tao, R. (2022). Phenylacetylglutamine as a risk factor and prognostic indicator of heart failure. ESC Heart Failure, 9, 2645\u20132653.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"10067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.314876","volume":"125","author":"AD Mahmoud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahmoud, A. D., Ballantyne, M. D., Miscianinov, V., Pinel, K., Hung, J., Scanlon, J. P., Iyinikkel, J., Kaczynski, J., Tavares, A. S., Bradshaw, A. C., Mills, N. L., Newby, D. E., Caporali, A., Gould, G. W., George, S. J., Ulitsky, I., Sluimer, J. C., Rodor, J., & Baker, A. H. (2019). The human-specific and smooth muscle cell-enriched lncRNA SMILR promotes proliferation by regulating mitotic CENPF mRNA and drives cell-cycle progression which can be targeted to limit vascular remodeling. Circulation Research, 125, 535\u2013551.","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvssci.2021.11.002","volume":"3","author":"EL Chou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chou, E. L., Lino Cardenas, C. L., Chaffin, M., Arduini, A. D., Juric, D., Stone, J. R., LaMuraglia, G. M., Eagleton, M. J., Conrad, M. F., Isselbacher, E. M., Ellinor, P. T., & Lindsay, M. E. (2022). Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching in carotid atherosclerosis. JVS-Vascular Science, 3, 41\u201347.","journal-title":"JVS-Vascular Science"},{"key":"10067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0433-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan, Y., & Pedersen, O. (2021). Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19, 55\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24063","volume":"39","author":"H Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, H., Yang, N., Wang, B. Y., Zhou, L., Xu, L. L., Chen, Y., Wang, D. J., & Ge, W. H. (2023). Phenylacetyl glutamine (PAGln) enhances cardiomyocyte death after myocardial infarction through \u03b21 adrenergic receptor. Environmental Toxicology, 39(3), 1682\u20131699.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"10067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1531","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae525","volume":"110","author":"Y Heianza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heianza, Y., Tiwari, S., Wang, X., Watrous, J. D., Rexrode, K. M., Hu, F. B., Alotaibi, M., Jain, M., Sun, Q., Manson, J. E., & Qi, L. (2025). Gut-microbiota-related metabolite phenylacetylglutamine and risk of incident coronary heart disease among women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 110, e1531\u2013e1539.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr284","volume":"33","author":"S Uemura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Uemura, S., Ishigami, K., Soeda, T., Okayama, S., Sung, J. H., Nakagawa, H., Somekawa, S., Takeda, Y., Kawata, H., Horii, M., & Saito, Y. (2012). Thin-cap fibroatheroma and microchannel findings in optical coherence tomography correlate with subsequent progression of coronary atheromatous plaques. European Heart Journal, 33, 78\u201385.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab433","volume":"42","author":"E Kedhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kedhi, E., Berta, B., Roleder, T., Hermanides, R. S., Fabris, E., Kauer, F., Alfonso, F., von Birgelen, C., Escaned, J., Camaro, C., Kennedy, M. W., Pereira, B., Magro, M., Nef, H., Reith, S., Al Nooryani, A., Rivero, F., Malinowski, K., De Luca, G., \u2026 Wojakowski, W. (2021). Thin-cap fibroatheroma predicts clinical events in diabetic patients with normal fractional flow reserve: the COMBINE OCT-FFR trial. The European Heart Journal, 42, 4671\u20134679.","journal-title":"The European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.08.014","volume":"14","author":"M Araki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Araki, M., Yonetsu, T., Kurihara, O., Nakajima, A., Lee, H., Soeda, T., Minami, Y., McNulty, I., Uemura, S., Kakuta, T., & Jang, I.-K. (2021). Predictors of rapid plaque progression. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging, 14, 1628\u20131638.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"key":"10067_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa227","volume":"41","author":"M Tomaniak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tomaniak, M., Katagiri, Y., Modolo, R., de Silva, R., Khamis, R. Y., Bourantas, C. V., Torii, R., Wentzel, J. J., Gijsen, F. J. H., van Soest, G., Stone, P. H., West, N. E. J., Maehara, A., Lerman, A., van der Steen, A. F. W., Luscher, T. F., Virmani, R., Koenig, W., Stone, G. W., \u2026 Onuma, Y. (2020). Vulnerable plaques and patients: State-of-the-art. European Heart Journal, 41, 2997\u20133004.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10067_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.1729","volume":"8","author":"A Moss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moss, A., Daghem, M., Tzolos, E., Meah, M. N., Wang, K. L., Bularga, A., Adamson, P. D., Kwiecinski, J., Fletcher, A., Dawson, D., Arumugam, P., Sabharwal, N., Greenwood, J. P., Townend, J. N., Calvert, P. A., Rudd, J. H. F., Berman, D., Verjans, J., Slomka, P., \u2026 Mycock, R. (2023). Coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity and future coronary events. JAMA Cardiology, 8, 755\u2013764.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"10067_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50855-3","volume":"15","author":"PP Saha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saha, P. P., Gogonea, V., Sweet, W., Mohan, M. L., Singh, K. D., Anderson, J. T., Mallela, D., Witherow, C., Kar, N., Stenson, K., Harford, T., Fischbach, M. A., Brown, J. M., Karnik, S. S., Moravec, C. S., DiDonato, J. A., Naga Prasad, S. V., & Hazen, S. L. (2024). Gut microbe-generated phenylacetylglutamine is an endogenous allosteric modulator of beta2-adrenergic receptors. Nature Communications, 15, 6696.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10067_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113946","volume":"21","author":"W Olejarz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olejarz, W., Lacheta, D., & Kubiak-Tomaszewska, G. (2020). Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 1\u20138.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10067_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01917.x","volume":"166","author":"A Rietz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rietz, A., & Spiers, J. (2012). The relationship between the MMP system, adrenoceptors and phosphoprotein phosphatases. British Journal of Pharmacology, 166, 1225\u20131243.","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10067_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.35204","volume":"24","author":"X Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin, X., Zhou, L., Han, F., Han, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, Z., Zhao, W., Wang, Z., & Zheng, L. (2017). Beta-adrenoceptor activation by norepinephrine enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through the ERK\/JNK-c-Fos pathway in human THP-1 cells. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 24, 55\u201367.","journal-title":"Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"},{"key":"10067_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.145987","volume":"27","author":"OC Raffel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raffel, O. C., Tearney, G. J., Gauthier, D. D., Halpern, E. F., Bouma, B. E., & Jang, I. K. (2007). Relationship between a systemic inflammatory marker, plaque inflammation, and plaque characteristics determined by intravascular optical coherence tomography. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 27, 1820\u20131827.","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"10067_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112906","author":"MY Henein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Henein, M. Y., Vancheri, S., Longo, G., & Vancheri, F. (2022). The role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232112906","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10067_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-024-02046-0","author":"G Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, G., He, Q., Shuai, W., Yang, H., Kong, B., Lu, S., & Gong, Y. (2024). The gut microbial metabolite phenylacetylglutamine increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction through ferroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome. Apoptosis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-024-02046-0","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10067_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00978-w","volume":"53","author":"E Ferkingstad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferkingstad, E., Sulem, P., Atlason, B. A., Sveinbjornsson, G., Magnusson, M. I., Styrmisdottir, E. L., Gunnarsdottir, K., Helgason, A., Oddsson, A., Halldorsson, B. V., Jensson, B. O., Zink, F., Halldorsson, G. H., Masson, G., Arnadottir, G. A., Katrinardottir, H., Juliusson, K., Magnusson, M. K., Magnusson, O. T., \u2026 Stefansson, K. (2021). Large-scale integration of the plasma proteome with genetics and disease. Nature Genetics, 53, 1712\u20131721.","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T02:44:50Z","timestamp":1764384290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12012-025-10067-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7905","1559-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7905","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}