{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:44:04Z","timestamp":1792147444128,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Project","award":["No.23JCYBJC01470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.23JCYBJC01470"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["No.16ZXMJSY00060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.16ZXMJSY00060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:50:10Z","timestamp":1790999410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Mixed Metal Exposures with Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from a Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiandu","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanmo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanye","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10195_CR1","unstructured":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)."},{"issue":"10469","key":"10195_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01446-6","volume":"404","author":"AH Mokdad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mokdad, A. H., Bisignano, C., Hsu, J. M., Ababneh, H. S., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Abdelkader, A., & Doan, K. D. (2024). The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet, 404(10469), 2314\u20132340.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10195_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S507696","volume":"18","author":"X Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin, X., Liu, Y., Jia, W., Xu, R., Guan, X., Cui, M., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Wei, L., & Qi, X. (2025). Association between systemic immune-inflammatory indices and severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with coronary artery disease in different glucose metabolic states. Journal of Inflammation Research, 18, 3295\u20133309.","journal-title":"Journal of Inflammation Research"},{"issue":"28","key":"10195_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad306","volume":"44","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X., Ma, H., Li, X., Heianza, Y., Fonseca, V., & Qi, L. (2023). Joint association of loneliness and traditional risk factor control and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes patients. European Heart Journal, 44(28), 2583\u20132591.","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"14","key":"10195_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab316","volume":"118","author":"T M\u00fcnzel","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00fcnzel, T., Hahad, O., S\u00f8rensen, M., Lelieveld, J., Duerr, G. D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., & Daiber, A. (2022). Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: A comprehensive expert review. Cardiovascular Research, 118(14), 2880\u20132902.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12981-w","volume":"15","author":"X Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin, X., Jia, W., Liu, Y., Cui, M., Zhang, H., Wu, H., Li, J., Wei, L., & Qi, X. (2025). Association of platelet to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with coronary lesion severity in middle aged and elderly adults. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 27336.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10195_CR7","volume":"11","author":"X Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong, X., Tian, G., Zhu, Y., & Ren T. (2023). Exogeneous metal ions as therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease and their delivery strategies. Regenerative Biomaterials, 11, Article rbad103.","journal-title":"Regenerative Biomaterials"},{"key":"10195_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.04.004","volume":"50","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Jie, T., Wang, M., Zhang, S., Yang, H., Jian, W., Dai, D., Xu, R., Yue, B., & Qu, X. (2025). Association between serum copper-zinc-selenium mixture and multiple health outcomes. Bioactive Materials, 50, 432\u2013442.","journal-title":"Bioactive Materials"},{"key":"10195_CR9","first-page":"e14466","volume":"58","author":"JGP Pires","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pires, J. G. P., Schereider, I. R. G., Cibin, F. W. S., Scorza, F. A., Wiggers, G. A., & Vassallo, D. V. (2025). Metals, cardiovascular risk, and the interplay with oxidative stress: A mini-review. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research\u2009=\u2009Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologica, 58, e14466.","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research\u2009=\u2009Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10195_CR10","volume":"17","author":"B Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin, B., Alexander, R., Fritzen, R., Mills, S., Stewart, A. J., & McCowan, C. (2025). Abnormal plasma\/serum magnesium, copper, and zinc concentrations associate with the future development of cardiovascular diseases. Nutrients, 17(9), Article 1447.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10195_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04509-6","volume":"203","author":"Z Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Tao, X., Zhou, P., Feng, H., Weng, Y., Lu, X., Wu, J., Wei, Y., Qu, C., & Liu, Z. (2025). Associations of exposure to 56 serum trace elements with the prevalence and severity of acute myocardial infarction: Omics, mixture, and mediation analysis. Biological Trace Element Research, 203(9), 4466\u20134478.","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"key":"10195_CR12","volume":"15","author":"R Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, R., Zhai, W., Meng, L., Wei, C., & Sun. L. (2025). Serum multi-trace elements and post-stroke cognitive impairment: A prospective observational cohort study. Translational Psychiatry, 15, Article 222.","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"10195_CR13","volume":"11","author":"DX Guan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guan, D. X., Yang, C., & Nriagu, J. O. (2024). Editorial: The role of essential trace elements in health and disease. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, Article 1285603.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02861-y","volume":"24","author":"B Eroglu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eroglu. B., Eichelmann, F., Kuxhausf, O., Kipp, A. P., Schwerdtle, T., Haase, H., Schomburg, L., & Schulze, M. B. (2025). Trace elements and risk of diabetes-related vascular complications: Results from the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 24, 302.","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"issue":"6586","key":"10195_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0529","volume":"375","author":"P Tsvetkov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsvetkov, P., Coy, S., Petrova, B., Dreishpoon, M., Verma, A., Abdusamad, M., Rossen, J., Joesch-Cohen, L., Humeidi, R., Spangler, R. D., Eaton, J. K., Frenkel, E., Kocak, M., Corsello, S. M., Lutsenko, S., Kanarek, N., Santagata, S., & Golub, T. R. (2022). Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.), 375(6586), 1254\u20131261.","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10195_CR16","volume":"45","author":"W Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Li, Y., Zheng, K., Li, Y., & Yang, H. (2024). Nonlinear associations between dietary zinc intake and cardiovascular disease risk, a National cross-sectional study based on the NHANES 2005\u20132018. Preventive Medicine Reports, 45, Article 102830.","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01796-1","volume":"10","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, S., Li, Y., Zhou, L., Wang, X., Liu, L., & Wu, M. (2024). Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in atherosclerosis: Metabolism, mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Cell Death Discovery, 10(1), 25.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"issue":"10","key":"10195_CR18","volume":"13","author":"MF Escobedo-Monge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Escobedo-Monge, M. F., Barrado, E., Parodi-Rom\u00e1n, J., Escobedo-Monge, M. A., Torres-Hinojal, M. C., & Marug\u00e1n-Miguelsanz, J. M. (2021). Copper and copper\/Zn ratio in a series of children with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 13(10), Article 3578.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"13","key":"10195_CR19","volume":"25","author":"TO Bizerea-Moga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bizerea-Moga, T. O., Pitulice, L., Bizerea-Spiridon, O., & Moga, T. V. (2024). Exploring the link between oxidative stress, selenium levels, and obesity in youth. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), Article 7276.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10195_CR20","volume":"13","author":"L Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen, L., Zhou, L., Zhu, X., & Mei, Y. (2025). Epidemiological profile and determinants of whole blood heavy metal levels in occupationally exposed populations: A cross-sectional study in Hunan Province, China. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, Article 1635236.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR21","volume":"16","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, L. H., Zhong, J. F., Niu, Y. Y., Li, C. P., Li, J., Diao, Z. Q., Yan, H. Y., Xu, M., Huang, W. Q., Xu, Z. T., Su, C., & Liu, D. (2025). Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of frailty: A nationwide prospective cohort study from China. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 16(2), Article e13796.","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"10195_CR22","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Song, K., Bi, S., Li, M., & Yao, Z. (2024). Higher remnant cholesterol increases the risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes in postmenopausal women. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, Article 1475933.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"10195_CR23","volume":"282","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Qiu, X., Wu, Z., Li, Y., Shen, X., Wu, J., Cao, P., Sun, Z., & Wang, W. (2025). Comprehensive analysis of the association between volatile organic compound pollutants and chronic kidney disease in hypertensive populations: Insights from multi-omics approaches and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Environmental Research, 282, Article 121966.","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10195_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"047004","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","volume":"128","author":"AP Keil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keil, A. P., Buckley, J. P., O'Brien, K. M., Ferguson, K. K., Zhao, S., & White, A. J. (2020). A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(4), 047004.","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01726-3","volume":"22","author":"TTT Vo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vo, T. T. T., Peng, T. Y., Nguyen, T. H., Bui, T. N. H., Wang, C. S., Lee, W. J., Chen, Y. L., Wu, Y. C., & Lee, I. T. (2024). The crosstalk between copper-induced oxidative stress and cuproptosis: A novel potential anticancer paradigm. Cell Communication and Signaling, 22(1), 353.","journal-title":"Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03122-4","volume":"15","author":"X Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, X., Shi, M., Zhang, H., & Fang, S. (2025). Dietary zinc intake associated with stroke in American adults. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 18301.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10195_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2025.107497","volume":"159","author":"B Perek","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perek, B., Rzymski, P., Proch, A., Pu\u015blecki, M., Poniedzia\u0142ek, B., Fal, A., Komosa, A., Jemielity, M., & Niedzielski, P. (2025). Exploring the interplay between valvular and serum zinc and copper levels and disease markers in aortic stenosis. Vascular Pharmacology, 159, Article 107497.","journal-title":"Vascular Pharmacology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122711","volume":"340","author":"H Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Mei, K., Hu, Q., Wu, Y., Xu, Y., Qinling, Yu, P., Deng, Y., Zhu, W., Yan, Z., & Liu, X. (2024). Circulating copper levels and the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Environmental Pollution, 340(Pt 2), 122711.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"7","key":"10195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03913-8","volume":"202","author":"Q Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, Q., Cai, J., Qu, Q., Cheang, I., Shi, J., Pang, H., & Li, X. (2024). Association of Blood Trace Elements Levels with Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011\u20132016. Biological Trace Element Research, 202(7), 3037\u20133050.","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR30","volume":"15","author":"YJ Kwon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kwon, Y. J., Lee, H. S., Park, G., Yang, J., Kim, H. M., & Lee, J. W. (2023). Dietary zinc intake and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Korean middle-aged and older adults. Nutrients, 15(2), Article 358.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR31","volume":"15","author":"N Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Li, Z., Wu, Q., Huang, H., Wang, S., Liu, Y., Chen, J., & Ma, J. (2023). Associations of dietary zinc-vitamin B6 ratio with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999\u20132016. Nutrients, 15(2), Article 420.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10195_CR32","volume":"11","author":"R Barrag\u00e1n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barrag\u00e1n, R., S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez, C., Aranda, P., Sorl\u00ed, J. V., Asensio, E. M., Portol\u00e9s, O., Ortega-Azor\u00edn, C., Villamil, L. V., Coltell, O., Llopis, J., Rivas-Garc\u00eda, L., & Corella, D. (2022). Single and combined associations of plasma and urine essential trace elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) with cardiovascular risk factors in a Mediterranean population. Antioxidants (Basel), 11(10), Article 1991.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10195_CR33","volume":"8","author":"RLU Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira, R. L. U., Sena-Evangelista, K. C. M., de Azevedo, E. P., Pinheiro, F. I., Cobucci, R. N., & Pedrosa, L. F. C. (2021). Selenium in human health and gut microflora: Bioavailability of selenocompounds and relationship with diseases. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, Article 685317.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437241305269","volume":"26","author":"V Karunakaran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karunakaran, V., Harding, K., Sarnowski, A., & Walter, E. (2025). Trace elements: Clinical perspectives in the critically ill. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 26(2), 223\u2013236.","journal-title":"Journal of the Intensive Care Society"},{"key":"10195_CR35","volume":"10","author":"D Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, D., Zhong, Q., Lin, T., & Song, T. (2023). Higher serum selenium concentration is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A population-based cohort study of NHANES. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1127188.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13357-w","volume":"15","author":"BG Gupta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gupta, B. G., & Mukhopadhyay, R. (2025). Heavy metal contamination from textile wastewater and its health impacts: A case study from West Bengal with sustainable remediation approaches. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 29578.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-025-04731-w","volume":"204","author":"J Verma","year":"2026","unstructured":"Verma, J., Rao, N., Kulshrestha, M. R., Singh, S., Singh, S., Tiwari, V., & Sharma, M. T. (2026). Exploring the association between potentially toxic elements and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Biological Trace Element Research, 204(2), 1084\u20131098.","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"51","key":"10195_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76805","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21273-z","volume":"29","author":"K Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, K., Zhang, Y., Lu, Q., Geng, T., Li, R., Wan, Z., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Li, L., Qiu, Z., He, M., Liu, L., Pan, A., & Liu, G. (2022). Associations of exposure to lead and cadmium with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 29(51), 76805\u201376815.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"key":"10195_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123462","volume":"345","author":"P Verzelloni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Verzelloni, P., Urbano, T., Wise, L. A., Vinceti, M., & Filippini, T. (2024). Cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 345, Article 123462.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"10195_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.03.002","volume":"173","author":"MK Cook","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cook, M. K., Zhang, J., & Wei, Y. (2022). Blood lead levels and risk of deaths from cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Cardiology, 173, 132\u2013138.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.30621\/jbachs.1008609","volume":"6","author":"D Y\u00fcksel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y\u00fcksel, D., Yuksel, B., Kalafat, E., Y\u00fcce, T., Katlan, D. C., & Ko\u00e7, A. (2022). Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(1), 199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences"},{"key":"10195_CR42","volume":"13","author":"X Hua","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hua, X., Zhu, L., & Chen, H. (2025). Association between blood heavy metal levels and COPD risk: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES data. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, Article 1494336.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10195_CR43","volume":"215","author":"X Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, X., Li, N., Wang, H., Su, W., Song, Q., Liang, Q., Liang, M., Sun, C., Li, Y., Lowe, S., Bentley, R., Song, E. J., Zhou, Q., Ding, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). Combined exposure to multiple metals on cardiovascular disease in NHANES under five statistical models. Environmental Research, 215(Pt 3), Article 114435.","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10195_CR44","volume":"263","author":"W Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan, W., Xu, C., Liu, Q., Xu, J., Weng, Z., Zhang, X., Basnet, T. B., Dahal, M., & Gu, A. (2020). Levels of a mixture of heavy metals in blood and urine and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A population-based cohort study. Environmental Pollution, 263(Pt A), Article 114630.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"3","key":"10195_CR45","volume":"10","author":"G Yim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yim, G., Wang, Y., Howe, C. G., & Romano, M. E. (2022). Exposure to metal mixtures in association with cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes: A scoping review. Toxics, 10(3), Article 116.","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10195_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-13963-1","volume":"197","author":"GJ Udom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Udom, G. J., Iyaye, D., Oritsemuelebi, B., Nwanaforo, E., Bede-Ojimadu, O., Abdulai, P. M., Frazzoli, C, & Orisakwe, O. E. (2025). Public health concerns of multifaceted exposures to metal and metalloid mixtures: A systematic review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(5), 502.","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"10195_CR47","volume":"303","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, Y., Zhou, X., Huang, W., Wu, Y., Zhang, Z., Jin, Y., Li, F., Chen, G., Tao, K., Zhan, Y., Zou, X., Wei, Q., Wei, X., & Qiu, S. (2025). Cadmium exposure and advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: An integrated multi-organ perspective based on epidemiology and adverse outcome pathways. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 303, Article 118885.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"10195_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127648","volume":"89","author":"Y Ozarde","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ozarde, Y., Purandare, D., Deshmukh, S., & Gadhave, R. (2025). Heavy metals and cardiovascular health: Uncovering links and health challenges. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 89, Article 127648.","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:46:49Z","timestamp":1792144009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12012-026-10195-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-7905","1559-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-7905","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest;","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The NHANES study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS), and all participants provided informed consent. All research procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles established by the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval and Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"124"}}