{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T09:52:59Z","timestamp":1782813179928,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochem Biophys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>We have previously grafted human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) with blood plasma to treat rat tibia nonunion. To further examine the biological characteristics of this process, we applied an established hUC-MSCs-treated rat nonunion model with the addition of an inhibitor of AKT. SD rats (80) were randomly divided into four groups: a fracture group (positive control); a nonunion group (negative control); a hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma group; and a hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma &amp; AKT blocker group. The animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia at 4 and 8\u00a0weeks post fracture for analysis. The fracture line became less defined at 4\u00a0weeks and disappeared at 8\u00a0weeks postoperatively in both the hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma and grafting with blood plasma &amp; the AKT blocker, which is similar to the fracture group. Histological immunofluorescence studies showed that the numbers of hUC-MSCs in the calluses were significantly higher in the hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma than those in group with the AKT blocker. More bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone sialoprotein expression and less osteoprotegerin and bone gla protein expression were observed in the AKT blocker group compared to the hUC-MSCs grafting with blood plasma. AKT gene expression in the AKT blocker group was decreased 50\u00a0% compared to the hUC-MSCs with plasma group and decreased 70\u00a0% compared to the fracture group, while the elastic modulus was decreased. In summary, our work demonstrates that AKT may play a role in modulating osteogenesis induced by hUC-MSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0378-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T13:21:20Z","timestamp":1416576080000},"page":"1543-1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["AKT Pathway Affects Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Treated with Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200105000-00002","volume":"9","author":"TA Einhorn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Einhorn, T. 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