{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:42:47Z","timestamp":1781631767099,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochem Biophys"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1758948933000},"page":"53-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Galectin-3 as a Key Driver of Neuroinflammation and \u03b1-Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Unlocking New Paths for Biomarkers and Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Porel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulam","family":"Varish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2450-2975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadga Raj","family":"Aran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaikh, Z. P., & Bhise, S. B. Neurodegeneration and Polymorphism of Biogenic Amines in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Advances From Pathological, Neurochemical, and Genetic Studies. In Advancing Medical Research Through Neuroscience 2025 (pp. 437\u2013460). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/979-8-3693-5464-3.ch016","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-5464-3.ch016"},{"issue":"11","key":"1875_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30355-7","volume":"17","author":"WA Rocca","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rocca, W. A. (2018). The burden of parkinson\u2019s disease: A worldwide perspective. The Lancet Neurology, 17(11), 928\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30355-7","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1875_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020379","volume":"19","author":"S Sciacchitano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sciacchitano, S., Lavra, L., Morgante, A., Ulivieri, A., Magi, F., De Francesco, G. P., Bellotti, C., Salehi, L. B., & Ricci, A. (2018). Galectin-3: One molecule for an alphabet of diseases, from A to Z. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2), 379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19020379","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"13","key":"1875_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7314","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137314","volume":"23","author":"V Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo, V., Arienzo, A., Iacobelli, S., Iacobelli, V., & Antonini, G. (2022). Gal-3BP in viral infections: An emerging role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(13), 7314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23137314","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-022-10064-w","volume":"39","author":"E Ramirez Hernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez Hernandez, E., Alanis Olvera, B., Carmona Gonz\u00e1lez, D., Guerrero Marin, O., Pantoja Mercado, D., Valencia Gil, L., Hern\u00e1ndez-Zimbr\u00f3n, L. F., S\u00e1nchez Salgado, J. L., Lim\u00f3n, I. D., & Zenteno, E. (2022). Neuroinflammation and galectins: A key relationship in neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoconjugate Journal, 39(5), 685\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10719-022-10064-w","journal-title":"Glycoconjugate Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-023-00462-9","volume":"28","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Ye, X., Escames, G., Lei, W., Zhang, X., Li, M., Jing, T., Yao, Y., Qiu, Z., Wang, Z., & Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo, D. (2023). The NLRP3 inflammasome: Contributions to inflammation-related diseases. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 28(1), 51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11658-023-00462-9","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters"},{"key":"1875_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00430","volume":"12","author":"GM Ashraf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashraf, G. M., & Baeesa, S. S. (2018). Investigation of Gal-3 expression pattern in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00430","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"1875_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11012","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911012","volume":"23","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhary, S., Chaudhary, S., Rawat, S., Kulkarni, A., Bilgrami, A. L., Perveen, A., Alghamdi, B. S., Zughaibi, T. A., Ashraf, G. M., Alam, M. Z., & Hussain, T. (2022). Galectins\u2014Potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19), 11012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911012","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00759-1","volume":"13","author":"N Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Liu, Q., Wang, D., Wang, X., Pan, Z., Han, B., & He, G. (2025). Multifaceted roles of galectins: From carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy. Biomarker Research, 13(1), 1\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40364-025-00759-1","journal-title":"Biomarker Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"1875_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14083","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814083","volume":"24","author":"KH Mayo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayo, K. H. (2023). Heterologous interactions with galectins and chemokines and their functional consequences. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(18), 14083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241814083","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"1875_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102680","volume":"15","author":"I Radziejewska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radziejewska, I. (2023). Galectin-3 and epithelial MUC1 mucin\u2014interactions supporting cancer development. Cancers, 15(10), 2680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15102680","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"10","key":"1875_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101500","volume":"13","author":"M Dimitrijevic Stojanovic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic Stojanovic, M., Stojanovic, B., Radosavljevic, I., Kovacevic, V., Jovanovic, I., Stojanovic, B. S., Prodanovic, N., Stankovic, V., Jocic, M., & Jovanovic, M. (2023). Galectin-3\u2019s complex interactions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: From cellular signaling to therapeutic potential. Biomolecules, 13(10), 1500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13101500","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030571","volume":"13","author":"C Qiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiao, C., Liu, Z., & Qie, S. (2023). The implications of microglial regulation in neuroplasticity-dependent stroke recovery. Biomolecules, 13(3), 571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13030571","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1875_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00252","volume":"8","author":"EB Moloney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moloney, E. B., de Winter, F., & Verhaagen, J. (2014). ALS as a distal axonopathy: Molecular mechanisms affecting neuromuscular junction stability in the presymptomatic stages of the disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2014.00252","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"1875_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23945","volume":"69","author":"C Klaus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klaus, C., Liao, H., Allendorf, D. H., Brown, G. C., & Neumann, H. (2021). Sialylation acts as a checkpoint for innate immune responses in the central nervous system. Glia, 69(7), 1619\u20131636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23945","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"12","key":"1875_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02644-6","volume":"29","author":"S Sirko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sirko, S., Schichor, C., Della Vecchia, P., Metzger, F., Sonsalla, G., Simon, T., B\u00fcrkle, M., Kalpazidou, S., Ninkovic, J., Masserdotti, G., & Sauniere, J. F. (2023). Injury-specific factors in the cerebrospinal fluid regulate astrocyte plasticity in the human brain. Nature Medicine, 29(12), 3149\u20133161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02644-6","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1875_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1134\/S1819712424700557","volume":"18","author":"OV Kostyunina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kostyunina, O. V., Komoltsev, I. G., Timokhova, A. V., Belikova, A. A., Balan, S. I., & Gulyaeva, N. V. (2024). Biomarkers of brain Cell-Specific immune mechanisms and their translational potential: State of the evidence for traumatic brain injury. Neurochemical Journal, 18(4), 752\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S1819712424700557","journal-title":"Neurochemical Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"1875_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113047","volume":"10","author":"LC Soares","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soares, L. C., Al-Dalahmah, O., Hillis, J., Young, C. C., Asbed, I., Sakaguchi, M., O\u2019neill, E., & Szele, F. G. (2021). Novel galectin-3 roles in neurogenesis, inflammation, and neurological diseases. Cells, 10(11), 3047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10113047","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1875_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.05.001","volume":"142","author":"XY Xiong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiong, X. Y., Liu, L., & Yang, Q. W. (2016). Functions and mechanisms of microglia\/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke. Progress in Neurobiology, 142, 23\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.05.001","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"1875_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149560","volume":"1855","author":"Y Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Gao, S. Q., Wang, X., Li, T., Han, Y. L., Miao, S. H., Zhao, R., Zheng, X. B., Qiu, J. Y., Jin, W. X., & Gao, C. C. (2024). Galectin-3 activates microglia and promotes neurological impairment via NLRP3\/pyroptosis pathway following traumatic brain injury. Brain Research, 1855, 149560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149560","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-023-02391-y","volume":"124","author":"F Seyedaghamiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seyedaghamiri, F., Geranmayeh, M. H., Ghadiri, T., Ebrahimi-Kalan, A., & Hosseini, L. (2024). A new insight into the role of pericytes in ischemic stroke. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 124(3), 767\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-023-02391-y","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50718-x","volume":"15","author":"A Doostparast Torshizi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doostparast Torshizi, A., Truong, D. T., Hou, L., Smets, B., Whelan, C. D., & Li, S. (2024). Proteogenomic network analysis reveals dysregulated mechanisms and potential mediators in parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature Communications, 15(1), 6430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50718-x","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1967615","volume":"18","author":"K Burbidge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burbidge, K., Rademacher, D. J., Mattick, J., Zack, S., Grillini, A., Bousset, L., Kwon, O., Kubicki, K., Simon, A., Melki, R., & Campbell, E. M. (2022). LGALS3 (galectin 3) mediates an unconventional secretion of SNCA\/\u03b1-synuclein in response to lysosomal membrane damage by the autophagic-lysosomal pathway in human midbrain dopamine neurons. Autophagy, 18(5), 1020\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2021.1967615","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"13","key":"1875_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133874","volume":"11","author":"Z Kovacevic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kovacevic, Z., Lazarevic, T., Maksimovic, N., Grk, M., Volarevic, V., Gazdic Jankovic, M., Djukic, S., Janicijevic, K., Miletic Kovacevic, M., & Ljujic, B. (2022). Galectin 3 (LGALS3) gene polymorphisms are associated with biochemical parameters and primary disease in patients with end-stage renal disease in Serbian population. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11133874","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"1875_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, J., Yu, H. F., Wang, Q. R., Xiao, L. C., & Fang, Y. Higher serum Galectin-3 levels were associated with more severe motor performance in parkinson\u2019s disease. Journal of Inflammation Research 2024 Dec 31:8207\u20138214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S491557","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S491557"},{"issue":"7","key":"1875_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12071012","volume":"12","author":"S Isik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isik, S., Yeman Kiyak, B., Akbayir, R., Seyhali, R., & Arpaci, T. (2023). Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in parkinson\u2019s disease. Cells, 12(7), 1012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12071012","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"23","key":"1875_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236008","volume":"20","author":"S Kany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kany, S., Vollrath, J. T., & Relja, B. (2019). Cytokines in inflammatory disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(23), 6008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20236008","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1875_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.1032","volume":"9","author":"EH Steen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steen, E. H., Wang, X., Balaji, S., Butte, M. J., Bollyky, P. L., & Keswani, S. G. (2020). The role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in tissue fibrosis. Advances in Wound Care, 9(4), 184\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/wound.2019.1032","journal-title":"Advances in Wound Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1875_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113047","volume":"19","author":"BM Lozinski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lozinski, B. M., Ta, K., & Dong, Y. (2024). Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regeneration Research, 19(9), 2004\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10113047","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"key":"1875_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00297","volume":"12","author":"L Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas, L., & Pasquini, L. A. (2018). Galectin-3-mediated glial crosstalk drives oligodendrocyte differentiation and (re) myelination. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00297","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.04.014","volume":"1476","author":"A Bellucci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellucci, A., Zaltieri, M., Navarria, L., Grigoletto, J., Missale, C., & Spano, P. (2012). From \u03b1-synuclein to synaptic dysfunctions: New insights into the pathophysiology of parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Research, 1476, 183\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.04.014","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2016-0201","volume":"398","author":"D Ottolini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ottolini, D., Cal\u00ed, T., Szab\u00f2, I., & Brini, M. (2017). Alpha-synuclein at the intracellular and the extracellular side: Functional and dysfunctional implications. Biological Chemistry, 398(1), 77\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/hsz-2016-0201","journal-title":"Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"1875_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1907-y","volume":"137","author":"CD Hughes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hughes, C. D., Choi, M. L., Ryten, M., Hopkins, L., Drews, A., Bot\u00eda, J. A., Iljina, M., Rodrigues, M., Gagliano, S. A., Gandhi, S., & Bryant, C. (2019). Picomolar concentrations of oligomeric alpha-synuclein sensitize TLR4 to play an initiating role in parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathologica, 137, 103\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-018-1907-y","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"1875_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.012","volume":"69","author":"P La Vitola","year":"2018","unstructured":"La Vitola, P., Balducci, C., Cerovic, M., Santamaria, G., Brandi, E., Grandi, F., Caldinelli, L., Colombo, L., Morgese, M. G., Trabace, L., & Pollegioni, L. (2018). Alpha-synuclein oligomers impair memory through glial cell activation and via Toll-like receptor 2. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 69, 591\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.012","journal-title":"Brain Behavior and Immunity"},{"key":"1875_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.719807","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Y., Xia, Y., Yin, S., Wan, F., Hu, J., Kou, L., Sun, Y., Wu, J., Zhou, Q., Huang, J., & Xiong, N. (2021). Targeting microglial \u03b1-synuclein\/TLRs\/NF-kappaB\/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in parkinson\u2019s disease. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 719807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.719807","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"14","key":"1875_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5097","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145097","volume":"21","author":"A Arsenijevic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arsenijevic, A., Stojanovic, B., Milovanovic, J., Arsenijevic, D., Arsenijevic, N., & Milovanovic, M. (2020). Galectin-3 in inflammasome activation and primary biliary cholangitis development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 5097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21145097","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11441-0","volume":"10","author":"JJ Siew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siew, J. J., Chen, H. M., Chen, H. Y., Chen, H. L., Chen, C. M., Soong, B. W., Wu, Y. R., Chang, C. P., Chan, Y. C., Lin, C. H., & Liu, F. T. (2019). Galectin-3 is required for the microglia-mediated brain inflammation in a model of huntington\u2019s disease. Nature Communications, 10(1), 3473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11441-0","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.37349\/ent.2023.00052","volume":"3","author":"Z Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan, Z., & Jung, Y. J. (2023). The effects of post-translational modifications on alpha-synuclein aggregation and immune cell activation in parkinson\u2019s disease. Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy, 3(5), 281\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/ent.2023.00052","journal-title":"Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14290","volume":"49","author":"MG Tansey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tansey, M. G., & Romero-Ramos, M. (2019). Immune system responses in parkinson\u2019s disease: Early and dynamic. European Journal of Neuroscience, 49(3), 364\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14290","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00139","volume":"9","author":"GJ Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song, G. J., & Suk, K. (2017). Pharmacological modulation of functional phenotypes of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9, 139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00139","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"1875_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.36436","volume":"10","author":"AM Poehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poehler, A. M., Xiang, W., Spitzer, P., May, V. E., Meixner, H., Rockenstein, E., Chutna, O., Outeiro, T. F., Winkler, J., Masliah, E., & Klucken, J. (2014). Autophagy modulates SNCA\/\u03b1-synuclein release, thereby generating a hostile microenvironment. Autophagy, 10(12), 2171\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/auto.36436","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"1875_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S40659-016-0077-4","volume":"49","author":"NC Inestrosa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Inestrosa, N. C., & Santos, M. J. (2016). Special series on trending themes in neurobiology in biological research. Biological Research, 49, 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S40659-016-0077-4","journal-title":"Biological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32598\/CJNS.10.38.490.2","volume":"10","author":"M Kosari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kosari, M., Asgari Taei, A., Klegeris, A., Soleimani, S., Tavasol, A., Jazi, K., Eyvani, K., Bahrami, A., Farrokhi, Z., Vosough, F., & Rahmani Khajeh, F. (2024). The role of dysregulated neuroinflammatory molecular pathways in Parkinson disease: A systematic review. Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 10(3), 151\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/CJNS.10.38.490.2","journal-title":"Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"1875_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-014-0156-0","volume":"2","author":"A Boza-Serrano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boza-Serrano, A., Reyes, J. F., Rey, N. L., Leffler, H., Bousset, L., Nilsson, U., Brundin, P., Venero, J. L., Burguillos, M. A., & Deierborg, T. (2014). The role of Galectin-3 in \u03b1-synuclein-induced microglial activation. Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 2, 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-014-0156-0","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1017\/hgl.2023.26","volume":"44","author":"JW Burbidge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burbidge, J. W. (2023). Houlgate\u2019s presupposition. Hegel Bulletin, 44(3), 482\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/hgl.2023.26","journal-title":"Hegel Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-021-10007-x","volume":"38","author":"F Reggiori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reggiori, F., Gabius, H. J., Aureli, M., R\u00f6mer, W., Sonnino, S., & Eskelinen, E. L. (2021). Glycans in autophagy, endocytosis and lysosomal functions. Glycoconjugate Journal, 38(5), 625\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10719-021-10007-x","journal-title":"Glycoconjugate Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"1875_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001287","volume":"19","author":"A Dilsizoglu Senol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilsizoglu Senol, A., Samarani, M., Syan, S., Guardia, C. M., Nonaka, T., Liv, N., Latour-Lambert, P., Hasegawa, M., Klumperman, J., Bonifacino, J. S., & Zurzolo, C. (2021). \u03b1-Synuclein fibrils subvert lysosome structure and function for the propagation of protein misfolding between cells through tunneling nanotubes. PLoS Biology, 19(7), e3001287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001287","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1395992","volume":"14","author":"G Minakaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minakaki, G., Menges, S., Kittel, A., Emmanouilidou, E., Schaeffner, I., Barkovits, K., Bergmann, A., Rockenstein, E., Adame, A., Marxreiter, F., & Mollenhauer, B. (2018). Autophagy Inhibition promotes SNCA\/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype. Autophagy, 14(1), 98\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2017.1395992","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"10","key":"1875_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666200207120949","volume":"18","author":"S Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, S., & Singh, T. G. (2020). Role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signalling in neurodegenerative diseases: An mechanistic approach. Current Neuropharmacology, 18(10), 918\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X18666200207120949","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1875_CR50","unstructured":"Muthukumarasamy, I. (2023). Implications of Microglial and Macrophage NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) Enzyme Activation in Neuroinflammation (Doctoral dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)."},{"issue":"8","key":"1875_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.ra119.001604","volume":"18","author":"K Mallah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mallah, K., Quanico, J., Raffo-Romero, A., Cardon, T., Aboulouard, S., Devos, D., Kobeissy, F., Zibara, K., Salzet, M., Fournier, I., & Molecular (2019). & Cellular Proteomics. ;18(8):1669\u20131682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/mcp.ra119.001604.","journal-title":"& Cellular Proteomics"},{"key":"1875_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.10.015","volume":"83","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chen, N., Wu, C., Lu, Y., Gao, G., Duan, C., Yang, H., & Lu, L. (2020). Galectin-1 attenuates neurodegeneration in parkinson\u2019s disease model by modulating microglial MAPK\/I\u03baB\/NF\u03baB axis through its carbohydrate-recognition domain. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 83, 214\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.10.015","journal-title":"Brain Behavior and Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01410","volume":"21","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Revilla","year":"2026","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Revilla, J., Venero, J. L., & Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez, J. A. (2026). Galectin 3: A new player in the pathogenesis of parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regeneration Research, 21(3), 1132\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01410","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Research"},{"key":"1875_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00398","volume":"12","author":"I Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez, I., Vesel\u00e1, K., Garc\u00eda-Revilla, J., Carrillo-Jim\u00e9nez, A., Roca-Ceballos, M. A., Santiago, M., de Pablos, R. M., & Venero, J. L. (2018). Peripheral inflammation enhances microglia response and nigral dopaminergic cell death in an in vivo MPTP model of parkinson\u2019s disease. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00398","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"1875_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080743","volume":"9","author":"DS Simpson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simpson, D. S., & Oliver, P. L. (2020). ROS generation in microglia: Understanding oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. Antioxidants, 9(8), 743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9080743","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220800","volume":"91","author":"M Golzari-Sorkheh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golzari-Sorkheh, M., Weaver, D. F., & Reed, M. A. (2023). COVID-19 as a risk factor for alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, 91(1), 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-220800","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"1875_CR57","unstructured":"Yang, Y. (2021). The role of myeloid cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Studies on cellular phenotype and communication. Lund University; https:\/\/lup.lub.lu.se\/record\/aa28f29a-4f8b-4b6e-b7d6-5593b0e5165f"},{"key":"1875_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.001","volume":"41","author":"CS Cruz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cruz, C. S., & Kang, M. J. (2018). Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in chronic inflammatory diseases. Mitochondrion, 41, 37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2017.12.001","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"4","key":"1875_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11040999","volume":"11","author":"A Chiarini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiarini, A., Gui, L., Viviani, C., & Armato, U. (2023). Dal Pr\u00e0 I. NLRP3 inflammasome\u2019s activation in acute and chronic brain diseases\u2014an update on pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives with respect to other inflammasomes. Biomedicines, 11(4), 999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11040999","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1875_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046992","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1046992","volume":"15","author":"Q Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, Q., Zhang, G., Guo, X., Dai, L., Xiong, M., Zhang, Z., Chen, L., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Galectin-9\/Tim-3 pathway mediates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced mouse model of parkinson\u2019s disease. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 15, 1046992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1046992","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13938","volume":"39","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee, E. J., Choy, Y. J., Woo, R. S., Baik, T. K., Yoo, H. I., & Song, D. Y. (2025). Expression of galectin 3 and activating transcription factor 3 in nigral dopaminergic neurons of 6-Hydroxydopamine induced parkinsonian rat model. In Vivo, 39(3), 1341\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21873\/invivo.13938","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"6","key":"1875_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-023-09820-x","volume":"39","author":"KJ Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, K. J., Wang, W. R., Cheng, Q. H., Li, H., Yan, W. Z., Zhou, F. R., & Zhang, R. J. (2023). Pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases: From bench to bedside. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 39(6), 2467\u20132499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10565-023-09820-x","journal-title":"Cell Biology and Toxicology"},{"key":"1875_CR63","unstructured":"kumar d, jain r, dubey p, sathavalli d. misfolding of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases: implications and interventions merugumolu vijay kumar1. Exploring Molecular Targets to Treat Neurodegenerative Disorders. (2024). May 1:226."},{"key":"1875_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jellinger, K. A. Neuropathology of parkinson\u2019s disease. InInflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: scientific and clinical aspects 2014 Jul 25 (pp. 25\u201374). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08046-8_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08046-8_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"1875_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043781","volume":"24","author":"OV Galzitskaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galzitskaya, O. V., Grishin, S. Y., Glyakina, A. V., Dovidchenko, N. V., Konstantinova, A. V., Kravchenko, S. V., & Surin, A. K. (2023). The strategies of development of new non-toxic inhibitors of amyloid formation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3781.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"1875_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648617","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.648617","volume":"15","author":"P Rawal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rawal, P., & Zhao, L. (2021). Sialometabolism in brain health and alzheimer\u2019s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 648617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.648617","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR67","unstructured":"Losurdo, M. (2019). A new hope for alzheimer\u2019s disease from preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Analysis of the Immunomodulatory effects. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10281\/241093"},{"issue":"8","key":"1875_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053381620","volume":"11","author":"T Nagatsu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagatsu, T., & Sawada, M. (2005). Inflammatory process in parkinson\u2019s disease: Role for cytokines. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 11(8), 999\u20131016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612053381620","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"1875_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00247","volume":"12","author":"SA Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira, S. A., & Romero-Ramos, M. (2018). Microglia response during parkinson\u2019s disease: alpha-synuclein intervention. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12, 247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00247","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rai, S. N., Singh, S., & Singh, S. K. (Eds.). (2024 Dec). Neurodegenerative diseases: Translational models, mechanisms, and therapeutics (Vol. 2). CRC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781032620442","DOI":"10.1201\/9781032620442"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1890330","volume":"53","author":"E Menozzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menozzi, E., Macnaughtan, J., & Schapira, A. H. (2021). The gut-brain axis and Parkinson disease: Clinical and pathogenetic relevance. Annals of Medicine, 53(1), 611\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2021.1890330","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2","volume":"110","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak, H., R\u00fcb, U., Gai, W. P., & Del Tredici, K. (2003). Idiopathic parkinson\u2019s disease: Possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types May be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. Journal of Neural Transmission, 110(5), 517\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012","volume":"396","author":"H Braak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braak, H., De Vos, R. A., Bohl, J., & Del Tredici, K. (2006). Gastric \u03b1-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in meissner\u2019s and auerbach\u2019s plexuses in cases staged for parkinson\u2019s disease-related brain pathology. Neuroscience Letters, 396(1), 67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"1875_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2020.105029","volume":"235","author":"D Bhattacharyya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, D., & Bhunia, A. (2021). Gut-Brain axis in parkinson\u2019s disease etiology: The role of lipopolysaccharide. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 235, 105029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2020.105029","journal-title":"Chemistry and Physics of Lipids"},{"key":"1875_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706439","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.706439","volume":"12","author":"AM Espinosa-Oliva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Espinosa-Oliva, A. M., Garc\u00eda-Miranda, P., Alonso-Bellido, I. M., Carvajal, A. E., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Carrillo-Jim\u00e9nez, A., Temblador, A. J., Felices-Navarro, M., Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez, I., Roca-Ceballos, M. A., & V\u00e1zquez-Carretero, M. D. (2021). Galectin-3 deletion reduces LPS and acute colitis-induced pro-inflammatory microglial activation in the ventral mesencephalon. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 706439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.706439","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.09.017","volume":"51","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu, F., Li, C., Gong, J., Zhu, W., Gu, L., & Li, N. (2019). The risk of parkinson\u2019s disease in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Digestive and Liver Disease, 51(1), 38\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2018.09.017","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"1875_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0605","volume":"75","author":"I Peter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peter, I., Dubinsky, M., Bressman, S., Park, A., Lu, C., Chen, N., & Wang, A. (2018). Anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor therapy and incidence of Parkinson disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA Neurology, 75(8), 939\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0605","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1875_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1426-9","volume":"56","author":"TM Marques","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marques, T. M., van Rumund, A., Bruinsma, I. B., Wessels, H. J., Gloerich, J., Esselink, R. A., Bloem, B. R., Kuiperij, H. B., & Verbeek, M. M. (2019). Cerebrospinal fluid galectin-1 levels discriminate patients with parkinsonism from controls. Molecular Neurobiology, 56(7), 5067\u20135074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-018-1426-9","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1875_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70103","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70103","volume":"14","author":"R Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan, R., Li, W., Wang, J., Xie, J., Weng, X., Yang, Y., & Shi, X. (2024). Association between serum Galectin-3 and parkinson\u2019s disease: A Two\u2010Sample Mendelian randomization study. Brain and Behavior, 14(10), e70103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.70103","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"8","key":"1875_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081062","volume":"12","author":"E Ramos-Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos-Martinez, E., Ramos-Martinez, I., Sanchez-Betancourt, I., Ramos-Mart\u00ednez, J. C., Pe\u00f1a-Corona, S. I., Valencia, J., Saucedo, R., Almeida-Aguirre, E. K., & Cerbon, M. (2022). Association between galectin levels and neurodegenerative diseases: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Biomolecules, 12(8), 1062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12081062","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"1875_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220201094547","volume":"20","author":"MM Ge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ge, M. M., Chen, N., Zhou, Y. Q., Yang, H., Tian, Y. K., & Ye, D. W. (2022). Galectin-3 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: Implications for central nervous system diseases. Current Neuropharmacology, 20(11), 2066\u20132080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X20666220201094547","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1875_CR82","unstructured":"Margotta, C. (2024). More than a Bystander: The Contribution of the Skeletal Muscle as Source of Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Doctoral dissertation, Open University (United Kingdom)). https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"key":"1875_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, P., Shao, W., Zhang, K., Gao, P., Liu, S., Lei, M., Meng, F., Huang, S., Qiao, Y., & Luo, P. (2024 Nov). Lvlm-ehub: A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for large vision-language models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3507000","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3507000"},{"issue":"11","key":"1875_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111515","volume":"11","author":"HC Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, H. C., Chang, K. H., Chiang, M. C., & Chen, C. M. (2021). Alterations of plasma galectin-3 and C3 levels in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11111515","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"1875_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060912","volume":"10","author":"A Polissidis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polissidis, A., Petropoulou-Vathi, L., Nakos-Bimpos, M., & Rideout, H. J. (2020). The future of targeted gene-based treatment strategies and biomarkers in parkinson\u2019s disease. Biomolecules, 10(6), 912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10060912","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1875_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prajapati, C., Tripathi, P. N., Sood, S., Rai, S. N., Mishra, S. S., Singh, S. K., & Tiwari, A. K. Intellectual property rights in neuroprotective biophytomaterials. InBiomaterials and neurodegenerative disorders 2025 Jan 23 (pp. 251\u2013269). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-9959-6_10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-9959-6_10"},{"key":"1875_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431079","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1431079","volume":"17","author":"CL Mitchell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mitchell, C. L., & Kurouski, D. (2024). Novel strategies in parkinson\u2019s disease treatment: A review. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 17, 1431079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1431079","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramakrishna, K., Viswanadh, M. K., Dumala, N., Chakravarth, G., Venkateswarlu, K., Gutti, G., Yadagiri, G., Duguluri, S., & Rai, S. N. Advanced biomaterials in neuroprotection: Innovations and clinical applications. InBiomaterials and neurodegenerative disorders 2025 Jan 23 (pp. 69\u201392). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-97-9959-6_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-9959-6_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07284.x","volume":"32","author":"A Ulusoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ulusoy, A., Febbraro, F., Jensen, P. H., Kirik, D., & Romero-Ramos, M. (2010). Co\u2010expression of C\u2010terminal truncated alpha\u2010synuclein enhances full\u2010length alpha\u2010synuclein\u2010induced pathology. European Journal of Neuroscience, 32(3), 409\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07284.x","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011570159X384737250626094315","author":"M Abubakar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abubakar, M., Giri, A., Goel, F., Khan, M., Gupta, J., Kumar, D., Kaushik, M., Rai, S. N., & Kumar, N. (2025). Diabetes, alzheimer\u2019s disease risk factors, and the cafeteria diet: A comprehensive review. Current Neuropharmacology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/011570159X384737250626094315","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1875_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braidy, N., Behzad, S., Habtemariam, S., Ahmed, T., Daglia, M., Mohammad Nabavi, S., Sobarzo-Sanchez, E., & Fazel Nabavi, S. (2017). Neuroprotective effects of citrus fruit-derived flavonoids, nobiletin and tangeretin in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. CNS & neurological Disorders-Drug targets (formerly current drug Targets-CNS & neurological Disorders). ;16(4):387\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527316666170328113309","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527316666170328113309"},{"key":"1875_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mabbitt, J., Holyer, I. D., Roper, J. A., Nilsson, U. J., Zetterberg, F. R., Vuong, L., Mackinnon, A. C., Pedersen, A., & Slack, R. J. (2023). Resistance to anti-PD-1\/anti-PD-L1: galectin-3 Inhibition with GB1211 reverses galectin-3-induced Blockade of pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab binding to PD-1\/PD-L1. Frontiers in immunology. ;14:1250559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1250559","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1250559"},{"issue":"7","key":"1875_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2244","volume":"79","author":"L Vuong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vuong, L., Kouverianou, E., Rooney, C. M., McHugh, B. J., Howie, S. E., Gregory, C. D., Forbes, S. J., Henderson, N. C., Zetterberg, F. R., Nilsson, U. J., & Leffler, H. (2019). An orally active galectin-3 antagonist inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth and augments response to PD-L1 Blockade. Cancer Research, 79(7), 1480\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2244","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010103","volume":"14","author":"KE Kryczka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kryczka, K. E., Demkow, M., & Dzieli\u0144ska, Z. (2024). Biomarkers in peripartum cardiomyopathy\u2014what we know and what is still to be found. Biomolecules, 14(1), 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14010103","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1875_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vilela, T., Valente, S., Correia, J., & Ferreira, F. Advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer and feline mammary carcinoma: From molecular basis to novel therapeutic targets. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA)-Reviews on cancer. 2024 Jun 22:189144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189144"},{"issue":"6","key":"1875_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060904","volume":"17","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Raymick, J., & Imam, S. (2016). Neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies against parkinson\u2019s disease: Recent perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17060904","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"1875_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.08.032","volume":"70","author":"HO Yazar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yazar, H. O., Yazar, T., & Cihan, M. (2019). A preliminary data: Evaluation of serum Galectin-3 levels in patients with idiopathic parkinson\u2019s disease. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 70, 164\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.08.032","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59030504","volume":"59","author":"J Kountouras","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kountouras, J., Doulberis, M., Papaefthymiou, A., Polyzos, S. A., Zavos, C., Kazakos, E., Arapoglou, S., Kyrailidi, F., Mouratidou, M. C., Boziki, M., & Vardaka, E. (2023). Controlling the impact of Helicobacter pylori-related hyperhomocysteinemia on neurodegeneration. Medicina, 59(3), 504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59030504","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"1875_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/97816810877261210101","author":"SN Rai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rai, S. N. (2021). Recent advances in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Bentham Science Publishers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/97816810877261210101","journal-title":"Bentham Science Publishers"},{"key":"1875_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, D., Goel, F., & Rai, S. N. (2025). The role of ABCA12 in neurodegenerative diseases\u2013a review of molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. https:\/\/repozytorium.ur.edu.pl\/handle\/item\/11591","DOI":"10.15584\/ejcem.2025.2.8"},{"issue":"1","key":"1875_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02585-x","volume":"146","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Revilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Revilla, J., Boza-Serrano, A., Jin, Y., Vadukul, D. M., Sold\u00e1n-Hidalgo, J., Camprub\u00ed-Ferrer, L., Garc\u00eda-Cruzado, M., Martinsson, I., Klementieva, O., Ruiz, R., & Aprile, F. A. (2023). Galectin-3 shapes toxic alpha-synuclein strains in parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathologica, 146(1), 51\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-023-02585-x","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"1875_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216879","volume":"591","author":"A Rivera-Ramos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivera-Ramos, A., Cruz-Hern\u00e1ndez, L., Talaver\u00f3n, R., S\u00e1nchez-Montero, M. T., Garc\u00eda-Revilla, J., Mulero-Acevedo, M., Deierborg, T., Venero, J. L., & Soto, M. S. (2024). Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth. Cancer Letters, 591, 216879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.216879","journal-title":"Cancer Letters"},{"key":"1875_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.08.009","volume":"108","author":"EE Beier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beier, E. E., Neal, M., Alam, G., Edler, M., Wu, L. J., & Richardson, J. R. (2017). Alternative microglial activation is associated with cessation of progressive dopamine neuron loss in mice systemically administered lipopolysaccharide. Neurobiology of Disease, 108, 115\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.08.009","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"1875_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw013","volume":"10","author":"B Simovic Markovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simovic Markovic, B., Nikolic, A., Gazdic, M., Bojic, S., Vucicevic, L., Kosic, M., Mitrovic, S., Milosavljevic, M., Besra, G., Trajkovic, V., & Arsenijevic, N. (2016). Galectin-3 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of acute colitis by promoting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-1\u03b2 in macrophages. Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis, 10(5), 593\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw013","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis"},{"issue":"13","key":"1875_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102072","volume":"11","author":"L Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, L., Song, J., Sun, X., Ding, W., Fan, K., Qi, M., Xu, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019). Role of microtubule-associated protein 6 glycosylated with Gal-(\u03b2-1, 3)-GalNAc in parkinson\u2019s disease. Aging (Albany NY), 11(13), 4597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.102072","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"1875_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00839","volume":"13","author":"AM Gorecki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorecki, A. M., Preskey, L., Bakeberg, M. C., Kenna, J. E., Gildenhuys, C., MacDougall, G., Dunlop, S. A., Mastaglia, F. L., Akkari, P. A., Koengten, F., & Anderton, R. S. (2019). Altered gut Microbiome in parkinson\u2019s disease and the influence of lipopolysaccharide in a human \u03b1-synuclein over-expressing mouse model. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00839","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"1875_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105373","volume":"184","author":"T Cengiz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cengiz, T., T\u00fcrkboylar\u0131, S., Gen\u00e7ler, O. S., & Anlar, \u00d6. (2019). The roles of galectin-3 and galectin-4 in the idiopatic Parkinson disease and its progression. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 184, 105373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105373","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1875_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00870","volume":"9","author":"RS Wijeyekoon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wijeyekoon, R. S., Kronenberg-Versteeg, D., Scott, K. M., Hayat, S., Jones, J. L., Clatworthy, M. R., Floto, R. A., Barker, R. A., & Williams-Gray, C. H. (2018). Monocyte function in parkinson\u2019s disease and the impact of autologous serum on phagocytosis. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00870","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992). Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic parkinson\u2019s disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 55(3), 181\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1875_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20369","volume":"57","author":"R Kortekaas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kortekaas, R., Leenders, K. L., Van Oostrom, J. C., Vaalburg, W., Bart, J., Willemsen, A. T., & Hendrikse, N. H. (2005). Blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in parkinsonian midbrain in vivo. Annals of Neurology, 57(2), 176\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20369","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:44:37Z","timestamp":1772858677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12013-025-01875-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}