{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:22:51Z","timestamp":1792783371968,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","award":["202403021211165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202403021211165"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Medical University First Hospital Fund Project","award":["2024-ZZ-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-ZZ-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0265d1010","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Health Commission science and technology innovation base construction project","award":["YDZJSX2022B010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJSX2022B010"]}]},{"name":"Clinic of Famous Doctors","award":["25070301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25070301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochem Biophys"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1790329343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve PINK1\/PARKIN-Mediated Mitophagy Inhibition in Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruidan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2s","key":"2188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.11.1356","volume":"226","author":"E Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung, E., Romero, R., Yeo, L., Gomez-Lopez, N., Chaemsaithong, P., Jaovisidha, A., et al. (2022). The etiology of preeclampsia. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 226(2s), S844\u2013s66.","journal-title":"American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology"},{"key":"2188_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102480","volume":"94","author":"JM Roberts","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roberts, J. M. (2024). Preeclampsia epidemiology(ies) and pathophysiology(ies). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 94, 102480.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2188_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084532","volume":"25","author":"YT Chiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiang, Y. T., Seow, K. M., & Chen, K. H. (2024). The Pathophysiological, Genetic, and Hormonal Changes in Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 25(8), 4532.","journal-title":"International Journal Of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","volume":"9","author":"E Dimitriadis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimitriadis, E., Rolnik, D. L., Zhou, W., Estrada-Gutierrez, G., Koga, K., Francisco, R. P. V., et al. (2023). Pre-eclampsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 9(1), 8.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"22","key":"2188_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14227992","volume":"14","author":"M Laskowska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laskowska, M., Bednarek, A., & Stworowski, M. (2025). The Etiopathogenesis of Preeclampsia: Where Do We Stand Now? J Clin Med, 14(22), 7992.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2188_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7891","volume":"34","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Xu, P., Zhu, F., Liao, J., Wu, Y., Hu, M., et al. (2021). The Potent Antioxidant MitoQ Protects Against Preeclampsia During Late Gestation but Increases the Risk of Preeclampsia When Administered in Early Pregnancy. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 34(2), 118\u2013136.","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"issue":"6","key":"2188_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-022-01184-7","volume":"24","author":"XQ Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, X. Q., & Zhang, L. (2022). Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Current Hypertension Reports, 24(6), 157\u2013172.","journal-title":"Current Hypertension Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"2188_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab003","volume":"34","author":"AN Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith, A. N., Wang, X., Thomas, D. G., Tatum, R. E., Booz, G. W., & Cunningham, M. W. (2021). The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Preeclampsia: Causative Factor or Collateral Damage? American Journal Of Hypertension, 34(5), 442\u2013452.","journal-title":"American Journal Of Hypertension"},{"key":"2188_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102813","volume":"56","author":"H Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Gong, L., Wu, S., Jing, T., Xiao, X., Cui, Y., et al. (2020). The Inhibition of Protein Kinase C \u03b2 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia by Activating Autophagy. EBioMedicine, 56, 102813.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2188_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103780","volume":"75","author":"TM MacDonald","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacDonald, T. M., Walker, S. P., Hannan, N. J., Tong, S., & Kaitu\u2019u-Lino, T. J. (2022). Clinical tools and biomarkers to predict preeclampsia. EBioMedicine, 75, 103780.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2188_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.70075","volume":"66","author":"X Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan, X., Peng, J., Chen, Y., Di, X., Li, P., Zhang, G., et al. (2025). sFlt-1\/PlGF ratio thresholds for diagnosing pre-eclampsia in pregnant women with high blood pressure. Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology, 66(5), 631\u2013640.","journal-title":"Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2188_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26032","volume":"61","author":"H Stepan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stepan, H., Galindo, A., Hund, M., Schlembach, D., Sillman, J., Surbek, D., et al. (2023). Clinical utility of sFlt-1 and PlGF in screening, prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology, 61(2), 168\u2013180.","journal-title":"Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology"},{"issue":"15","key":"2188_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11964","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511964","volume":"24","author":"MZ Jovandaric","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jovandaric, M. Z., Babic, S., Raus, M., & Medjo, B. (2023). The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 24(15), 11964.","journal-title":"International Journal Of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2188_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044177","volume":"24","author":"F Jahan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jahan, F., Vasam, G., Green, A. E., Bainbridge, S. A., & Menzies, K. J. (2023). Placental Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4177.","journal-title":"International Journal Of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"2188_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102539","volume":"10","author":"RM Yildirim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yildirim, R. M., Ergun, Y., & Basar, M. (2022). Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy and Their Correlation with Perinatal Complications: Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight. Biomedicines, 10(10), 2539.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09285-z","volume":"51","author":"H Kobayashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kobayashi, H., Yoshimoto, C., Matsubara, S., Shigetomi, H., & Imanaka, S. (2024). An integral role of mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Molecular Biology Reports, 51(1), 330.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"2188_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836111","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.836111","volume":"9","author":"X Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, X., Hou, R., Yang, Y., Luo, Z., & Cao, Y. (2022). Current Studies of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Preeclampsia. Front Cardiovasc Med, 9, 836111.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2188_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2015.01.002","volume":"33","author":"A Eiyama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eiyama, A., & Okamoto, K. (2015). PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mammalian cells. Current Opinion In Cell Biology, 33, 95\u2013101.","journal-title":"Current Opinion In Cell Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2188_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13412","volume":"136","author":"D Ivankovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ivankovic, D., Chau, K. Y., Schapira, A. H., & Gegg, M. E. (2016). Mitochondrial and lysosomal biogenesis are activated following PINK1\/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Journal Of Neurochemistry, 136(2), 388\u2013402.","journal-title":"Journal Of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2188_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2022.55.7.040","volume":"55","author":"S Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, S., Lee, S., Lee, S. J., & Chung, S. W. (2022). Inhibition of mitoNEET induces Pink1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Bmb Reports, 55(7), 354\u2013359.","journal-title":"Bmb Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-025-01894-4","volume":"22","author":"A Raiff","year":"2026","unstructured":"Raiff, A., Zhao, S., Bekturova, A., Zenge, C., Mazor, S., Chen, X., et al. (2026). TOM20-driven E3 ligase recruitment regulates mitochondrial dynamics through PLD6. Nature Chemical Biology, 22(1), 37\u201347.","journal-title":"Nature Chemical Biology"},{"key":"2188_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116259","volume":"276","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Yu, T., Li, X., Lin, W., Li, X., Zhai, M., et al. (2024). Cadmium exposure activates mitophagy through downregulating thyroid hormone receptor\/PGC1\u03b1 signal in preeclampsia. Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety, 276, 116259.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2268-9","volume":"19","author":"S Grimes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grimes, S., Bombay, K., Lanes, A., Walker, M., & Corsi, D. J. (2019). Potential biological therapies for severe preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 19(1), 163.","journal-title":"Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2188_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22453","volume":"109","author":"P Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang, P., Lin, L. M., Wu, X. Y., Tang, Q. L., Feng, X. Y., Lin, G. Y., et al. (2010). Differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells into germ-like cells in vitro. Journal Of Cellular Biochemistry, 109(4), 747\u2013754.","journal-title":"Journal Of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2188_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21709","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100332R","volume":"35","author":"M Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv, M., Zhang, S., Jiang, B., Cao, S., Dong, Y., Cao, L., et al. (2021). Adipose-derived stem cells regulate metabolic homeostasis and delay aging by promoting mitophagy. Faseb j, 35(7), e21709.","journal-title":"Faseb j"},{"issue":"8","key":"2188_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0861-x","volume":"9","author":"W Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Yuan, Y., Liao, G., Li, L., Liu, J., Chen, Y., et al. (2018). Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced endothelial injury through modulation of mitophagy. Cell Death And Disease, 9(8), 837.","journal-title":"Cell Death And Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"2188_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116630417","volume":"23","author":"LL Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, L. L., Yu, Y., Guan, H. B., & Qiao, C. (2016). Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci, 23(8), 1058\u20131070.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2188_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.032","volume":"105","author":"ZH Xiong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiong, Z. H., Wei, J., Lu, M. Q., Jin, M. Y., & Geng, H. L. (2018). Protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on preserving the morphology and angiogenesis of placenta in rats with preeclampsia. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 105, 1240\u20131247.","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2188_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2017.1329429","volume":"36","author":"D Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Fu, L., Wang, L., Lin, L., Yu, L., Zhang, L., et al. (2017). Therapeutic benefit of mesenchymal stem cells in pregnant rats with angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody-induced hypertension: Implications for immunomodulation and cytoprotection. Hypertension In Pregnancy, 36(3), 247\u2013258.","journal-title":"Hypertension In Pregnancy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s41065-025-00592-4","volume":"162","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, Y., Li, F., & Gao, Q. (2025). RBM15 mediates m6A methylation modification of FOSB mRNA to promote dysfunction of trophoblast cells-a potential link to preeclampsia. Hereditas, 162(1), 241.","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"issue":"8","key":"2188_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqac096","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac096","volume":"163","author":"EB Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor, E. B., & George, E. M. (2022). Animal Models of Preeclampsia: Mechanistic Insights and Promising Therapeutics. Endocrinology, 163(8), bqac096.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2188_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.09.010","volume":"143","author":"Y Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Lv, D., Xie, Y., Xu, H., Li, X., Li, F., et al. (2023). PINK1-mediated mitophagy induction protects against preeclampsia by decreasing ROS and trophoblast pyroptosis. Placenta, 143, 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"3","key":"2188_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11269","volume":"22","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, G., Lin, Y., Chen, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, L., Huang, Y., et al. (2020). Role of DRAM1 in mitophagy contributes to preeclampsia regulation in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 22(3), 1847\u20131858.","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-08592-y","volume":"26","author":"RR de Japecanga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Japecanga, R. R., da-Costa-Santos, J., Nobrega, G. M., Guimar\u00e3es, F., Surita, F. G., & de Siqueira Guida, J. P. (2025). Testing the use of a biomarker (PlGF) to evaluate superimposed preeclampsia in pregnant women with chronic hypertension (B.I.P.E.S.): a randomized clinical trial study protocol. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 26(1), 260.","journal-title":"Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth"},{"key":"2188_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2025.07.004","volume":"168","author":"L Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhang, G., Ren, X., Hao, H., Zhang, X., Xu, M., et al. (2025). Astragalus ameliorates oxidative stress in rat models of preeclampsia through the Nrf2\/Keap1\/NQO1 pathway. Placenta, 168, 232\u2013239.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2188_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110622","volume":"774","author":"M Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, M., Zhang, X., Ma, H., Wang, F., Li, M., Zhang, R., et al. (2025). Metformin attenuates placental oxidative stress through Nrf2\/Keap1 signaling in preeclampsia rats. Archives Of Biochemistry And Biophysics, 774, 110622.","journal-title":"Archives Of Biochemistry And Biophysics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2188_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000004022","volume":"43","author":"P Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Niu, H., Li, J., Hao, R., et al. (2025). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve the pregnancy outcomes of preeclampsia rats via inducing placental angiogenesis. Journal Of Hypertension, 43(7), 1182\u20131190.","journal-title":"Journal Of Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:01:07Z","timestamp":1790373667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["2188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12013-026-02188-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (DWLL-AF-001\/01) and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanxi Medical University Experimental Animal Center (licenses: Animal License: SYXK (Jin) 2019\u20130008, Animal Production License: SCXK (Jin) 2019\u2013004).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}