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It gave rise to concern that xeno- and serum-free conditions might have unexpected effects on human ADMSCs. This study aims to test this hypothesis for two xeno- and serum-free media, PowerStem MSC1 media (PS) and StemMACS MSC Expansion Media (SM), that support the in vitro expansion of ADMSCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the expression of negative markers in 42 clinical-grade ADMSC samples expanded in PS. Next, we cultured ADMSCs from seven donors in PS and SM and examined their growth and colony-forming ability, surface marker expression, differentiation, cell cycle and senescence, as well as genetic stability of two passages representing an early and late passage for therapeutic MSCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>15 of 42 clinical-grade PS-expanded ADMSC samples showed an increased expression of negative markers ranging from 2.73% to 34.24%, which positively correlated with the age of donors. This rise of negative markers was related to an upregulation of Human Leukocyte Antigen \u2013 DR (HLA-DR). In addition, the PS-cultured cells presented decreased growth ability, lower frequencies of cells in S\/G2\/M phases, and increased \u00df-galactosidase activity in passage 7 suggesting their senescent feature compared to those grown in SM. Although MSCs of both PS and SM cultures were capable of multilineage differentiation, the PS-cultured cells demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities in passage 7 compared to the normal karyotype of their SM counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the SM media is more suitable for the expansion of therapeutic ADMSCs than PS. The study also hints a change of ADMSC features at more advanced passages and with increased donor\u2019s age. Thus, it emphasizes the necessity to cover these aspects in the quality control of therapeutic MSC products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10242-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T08:04:13Z","timestamp":1631433853000},"page":"2291-2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit High HLA-DR Levels and Altered Cellular Characteristics under a Xeno-free and Serum-free Condition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Phuong T. 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