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Currently, there is no cure for DMD. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed for DMD patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We have previously reported functional improvements which correlated with increased dystrophin expression following administration of dystrophin expressing chimeric (DEC) cells of myoblast origin to the <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mouse models of DMD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the current study, we confirmed dose-dependent protective effect of human DEC therapy created from myoblasts of normal and DMD-affected donors, on restoration of dystrophin expression and amelioration of cardiac, respiratory, and skeletal muscle function at 180\u00a0days after systemic-intraosseous DEC administration to <jats:italic>mdx\/scid<\/jats:italic> mouse model of DMD. Functional improvements included maintenance of ejection fraction and fractional shortening levels on echocardiography, reduced enhanced pause and expiration time on plethysmography and improved grip strength and maximum stretch induced contraction of skeletal muscles. Improved function was associated with amelioration of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> muscle pathology revealed by reduced muscle fibrosis, reduced inflammation and improved muscle morphology confirmed by reduced number of centrally nucleated fibers and normalization of muscle fiber diameters. Our findings confirm the long-term systemic effect of DEC therapy in the most severely affected by DMD organs including heart, diaphragm, and long skeletal muscles.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These encouraging preclinical data introduces human DEC as a novel therapeutic modality of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) with the potential to improve or halt the progression of DMD and enhance quality of life of DMD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Human DEC as a novel therapeutic modality with the potential to improve or halt progression of the DMD disease and enhance quality of life of DMD patients. Graphical abstract represents manufacturing process of the human DEC therapy for the future clinical applications. 1. We report the long-term efficacy of human DEC therapy resulting in increased dystrophin expression and reduced <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> muscle pathology after systemic-intraosseous administration of human Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric (DEC) Cells to the <jats:italic>mdx\/scid<\/jats:italic> mouse model of DMD. 2. Systemic administration of human DEC therapy resulted in amelioration of cardiac, respiratory and skeletal muscle function as confirmed by echocardiography, plethysmography and standard muscle strength tests respectively. 3. We introduce human DEC as a novel Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) for future clinical application in DMD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-022-10384-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T16:04:53Z","timestamp":1652976293000},"page":"2872-2892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Long-Term Protective Effect of Human Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric (DEC) Cell Therapy on Amelioration of Function of Cardiac, Respiratory and Skeletal Muscles in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6372-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Siemionow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0334-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Brodowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0542-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kozlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Zalants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Budzynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahlke","family":"Heydemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"323","key":"10384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.113086","volume":"2020","author":"C Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, C., Serra, C., Lee, G., & Wagner, K. 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The author declares a potential conflict of interest. M.S. is the inventor on the patent application filed by University of Illinois at Chicago related to chimeric cell therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (WO\/2016\/201182). AH is the adviser to Dystrogen Therapeutics.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Potential Conflict of Financial Interests"}},{"value":"The authors M.S., P.L., S.B., K.K., K.Z., K.B., A.H. do not have any non-financial conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Non-Financial Interest"}}]}}