{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:26:47Z","timestamp":1785392807204,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Rev and Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:32:54Z","timestamp":1772598774000},"page":"2050-2060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship Between VSELs, MUSE Cells and MSCs in Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepa","family":"Bhartiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090504","volume":"9","author":"AI Caplan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Caplan, A. I. (1991). Mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 9(5), 641\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100090504","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"11078_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2025.101597","volume":"37","author":"JM Anderson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anderson, J. M. (2024). A reflection on Arnold Caplan, the father of MSC. Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology, 37(4), 101597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beha.2025.101597","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11078_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.17-0051","volume":"6","author":"AI Caplan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caplan, A. I. (2017). Mesenchymal stem cells: Time to change the name! STEM CELLS Translational Medicine, 6(6), 1445\u20131451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.17-0051","journal-title":"STEM CELLS Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404171","volume":"20","author":"M Kucia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kucia, M., Reca, R., Campbell, F. R., et al. (2006). A population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) CXCR4(+)SSEA-1(+)Oct-4\u2009+\u2009stem cells identified in adult bone marrow. Leukemia, 20(5), 857\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.leu.2404171","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"19","key":"11078_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8639","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911647107","volume":"107","author":"Y Kuroda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuroda, Y., Kitada, M., Wakao, S., et al. (2010). Unique multipotent cells in adult human mesenchymal cell populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(19), 8639\u20138643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0911647107","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"11078_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612589","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1612589","volume":"13","author":"T Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Zhang, L., Ma, X., & Song, W. (2025). The tiny giants of regeneration: MSC-derived extracellular vesicles as next-generation therapeutics. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 13, 1612589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1612589","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"11078_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625787","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625787","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Ma, Q., et al. (2025). Trends in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles clinical trials 2014\u20132024: Is efficacy optimal in a narrow dose range? Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne), 12, 1625787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1625787","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"key":"11078_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591400","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1591400","volume":"13","author":"H Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, H., Yang, H., Wang, Q., Ji, H., Qian, T., Qiao, Y., Shi, J., & Cong, M. (2025). Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles: New therapies for cartilage repair. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13, 1591400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1591400","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1211215","volume":"16","author":"N Alessio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alessio, N., \u00d6zcan, S., Tatsumi, K., Murat, A., Peluso, G., Dezawa, M., & Galderisi, U. (2017). The secretome of MUSE cells contains factors that May play a role in regulation of stemness, apoptosis and Immunomodulation. Cell Cycle, 16(1), 33\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15384101.2016.1211215","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"11078_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04444-z","volume":"317","author":"M Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, M., Wang, H., Huang, Z., et al. (2025). Exosomes from multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells attenuate H2O2-induced melanocyte injury in vitro. Archives of Dermatological Research, 317, 942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-025-04444-z","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatological Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"11078_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-025-10916-6","volume":"21","author":"A Rajabi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rajabi, A., & Bonyadi, M. (2025). Muse cell-derived exosomes: A hypothesis for a cell-free therapeutic platform in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 21(6), 1860\u20131862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-025-10916-6","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"11078_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2010.956870","volume":"58","author":"D. Bhartiya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhartiya,D., Kasiviswanathan, S., & Unni, S. K. (2010). Newer insights into premeiotic development of germ cells in adult human testis using Oct-4 as a stem cell marker. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 58(12), 1093\u20131106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1369\/jhc.2010.956870","journal-title":"Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry"},{"issue":"22","key":"11078_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2018.0118","volume":"27","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Patel, H., Ganguly, R., et al. (2018). Novel insights into adult and cancer stem cell biology. Stem Cells and Development, 27(22), 1527\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2018.0118","journal-title":"Stem Cells and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-017-9781-x","volume":"14","author":"R Ganguly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganguly, R., Metkari, S., & Bhartiya, D. (2018). Dynamics of bone marrow VSELs and HSCs in response to treatment with gonadotropin and steroid hormones, during pregnancy and evidence to support their asymmetric\/symmetric cell divisions. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 14(1), 110\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-017-9781-x","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-021-00883-0","volume":"14","author":"D. Bhartiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Patel, H., Kaushik, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, D. (2021). Endogenous, tissue-resident stem\/progenitor cells in gonads and bone marrow express FSHR and respond to FSH via FSHR-3. Journal of Ovarian Research, 14(1), 145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-021-00883-0. Published 2021 Oct 30.","journal-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"11078_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.02.003","volume":"33","author":"W Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, W., & Allickson, J. (2025). Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: Progress to date and future outlook. Molecular Therapy, 33(6), 2679\u20132688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.02.003","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02313-9","volume":"10","author":"X Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han, X., Liao, R., Li, X., et al. (2025). Mesenchymal stem cells in treating human diseases: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10(1), 262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02313-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"11078_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dezawa, M. (2025). Comparison of MSCs and Muse cells: The possible use for healthspan optimization. Biogerontology, 26(4), 139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-025-10275-2. Published 2025 Jul 2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-025-10275-2"},{"key":"11078_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553382","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1553382","volume":"13","author":"M Dezawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dezawa, M. (2025). Macrophage- and pluripotent-like reparative muse cells are unique endogenous stem cells distinct from other somatic stem cells. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13, 1553382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1553382","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"11078_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.05.004","volume":"70","author":"CM Trigo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trigo, C. M., Rodrigues, J. S., Cam\u00f5es, S. P., Sol\u00e1, S., & Miranda, J. P. (2025). Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? Journal of Advanced Research, 70, 103\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2024.05.004","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research"},{"key":"11078_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380785","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1380785","volume":"12","author":"H Que","year":"2024","unstructured":"Que, H., Mai, E., Hu, Y., et al. (2024). Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells: A powerful tool for tissue damage repair. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 12, 1380785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1380785. Published 2024 May 30.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"11078_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuroda, Y., Oguma, Y., Hall, K., & Dezawa, M. (2022). Endogenous reparative pluripotent Muse cells with a unique immune privilege system: Hint at a new strategy for controlling acute and chronic inflammation. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1027961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar2022.1027961.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar"},{"issue":"4","key":"11078_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-024-10694-7","volume":"20","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Raouf, S., Pansare, K., Tripathi, A., & Tripathi, A. (2024). Initiation of cancer: The journey from mutations in somatic cells to epigenetic changes in tissue-resident VSELs. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 20(4), 857\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-024-10694-7","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"11078_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-010-9143-4","volume":"6","author":"MZ Ratajczak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ratajczak, M. Z., Shin, D. M., Liu, R., et al. (2010). Epiblast\/germ line hypothesis of cancer development revisited: Lesson from the presence of Oct-4\u2009+\u2009cells in adult tissues. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 6(2), 307\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-010-9143-4","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"11078_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0294-7","volume":"32","author":"MZ Ratajczak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ratajczak, M. Z., Bujko, K., Mack, A., Kucia, M., & Ratajczak, J. (2018). Cancer from the perspective of stem cells and misappropriated tissue regeneration mechanisms. Leukemia, 32(12), 2519\u20132526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41375-018-0294-7","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"8","key":"11078_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017","volume":"31","author":"MZ Ratajczak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ratajczak, M. Z. (2017). Why are hematopoietic stem cells so \u2018sexy\u2019? On a search for developmental explanation. Leukemia, 31(8), 1671\u20131677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/leu.2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00250-2","volume":"28","author":"P Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, P., & Bhartiya, D. (2021). Pluripotent stem (VSELs) and progenitor (EnSCs) cells exist in adult mouse uterus and show cyclic changes across estrus cycle. Reproductive Sciences, 28(1), 278\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00250-2","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09993-6","volume":"16","author":"A Kaushik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaushik, A., & Bhartiya, D. (2020). Additional evidence to establish existence of two stem cell populations including VSELs and SSCs in adult mouse testes. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 16(5), 992\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-020-09993-6","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09996-3","volume":"16","author":"A Kaushik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaushik, A., Anand, S., & Bhartiya, D. (2020). Altered biology of testicular VSELs and SSCs by neonatal endocrine disruption results in defective spermatogenesis, reduced fertility and tumor initiation in adult mice. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 16(5), 893\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-020-09996-3","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10279-8","volume":"18","author":"P Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, P., Metkari, S. M., & Bhartiya, D. (2022). Mice uterine stem cells are affected by neonatal endocrine disruption & initiate uteropathies in adult life independent of circulatory ovarian hormones. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 18(5), 1686\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-021-10279-8","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-022-10367-3","volume":"18","author":"P Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, P., & Bhartiya, D. (2022). Molecular insights into endometrial cancer in mice. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 18(5), 1702\u20131717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-022-10367-3","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"11078_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0337","volume":"165","author":"P Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh, P., & Bhartiya, D. (2023). Mouse uterine stem cells are affected by endocrine disruption and initiate uteropathies. Reproduction, 165(3), 249\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-22-0337","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-023-10632-z","volume":"20","author":"P Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, P., Metkari, S. M., Tripathi, A., & Bhartiya, D. (2024). Reversing uteropathies including cancer-like changes in mice by transplanting mesenchymal stromal cells or XAR treatment. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 20(1), 258\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-023-10632-z","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"11078_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-023-10601-6","volume":"19","author":"A Kaushik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaushik, A., Metkari, S. M., Ali, S., & Bhartiya, D. (2023). Preventing\/reversing adverse effects of endocrine disruption on mouse testes by normalizing tissue resident VSELs. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 19(7), 2525\u20132540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-023-10601-6","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"11078_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266299112240514103048","volume":"25","author":"S Taeb","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taeb, S., Rostamzadeh, D., Amini, S. M., et al. (2025). Revolutionizing cancer treatment: Harnessing the power of mesenchymal stem cells for precise targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 25(3), 243\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115680266299112240514103048","journal-title":"Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"11078_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-016-9685-1","volume":"12","author":"S Anand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anand, S., Bhartiya, D., Sriraman, K., & Mallick, A. (2016). Underlying mechanisms that restore spermatogenesis on transplanting healthy niche cells in Busulphan treated mouse testis. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 12(6), 682\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-016-9685-1","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"11078_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107631","volume":"31","author":"A Ghosh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghosh, A., Syed, S. M., Kumar, M., et al. (2020). In vivo cell fate tracing provides no evidence for mesenchymal to epithelial transition in adult fallopian tube and uterus. Cell Reports, 31(6), 107631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107631","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"11078_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.130","volume":"114","author":"K K\u00e4mpj\u00e4rvi","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00e4mpj\u00e4rvi, K., M\u00e4kinen, N., Mehine, M., et al. (2016). MED12 mutations and FH inactivation are mutually exclusive in uterine leiomyomas. British Journal of Cancer, 114(12), 1405\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2016.130","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12053","volume":"62","author":"X Matias-Guiu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matias-Guiu, X., & Prat, J. (2013). Molecular pathology of endometrial carcinoma. Histopathology, 62(1), 111\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/his.12053","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"11078_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564964","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1564964","volume":"13","author":"K Thetchinamoorthy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thetchinamoorthy, K., Jarczak, J., Kieszek, P., et al. (2025). Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) on the way for potential applications in regenerative medicine. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13, 1564964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1564964","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0313009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313009","volume":"20","author":"J Jarczak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jarczak, J., Bujko, K., Brze\u017aniakiewicz-Janus, K., Ratajczak, M., & Kucia, M. (2025). Next-generation sequencing protocol of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Step-by-step overview and troubleshooting guide. PLoS One, 20(1), e0313009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0313009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309362","volume":"120","author":"MZ Ratajczak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ratajczak, M. Z., Ratajczak, J., Suszynska, M., Miller, D. M., Kucia, M., & Shin, D. M. (2017). A novel view of the adult stem cell compartment from the perspective of a quiescent population of very small embryonic-like stem cells. Circulation Research, 120(1), 166\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309362","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"11078_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-018-9821-1","volume":"14","author":"R Lahlil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lahlil, R., Scrofani, M., Barbet, R., Tancredi, C., Aries, A., & H\u00e9non, P. (2018). VSELs maintain their pluripotency and competence to differentiate after enhanced ex vivo expansion. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 14(4), 510\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-018-9821-1","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-025-10880-1","volume":"21","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Dutta, S., Tripathi, A., & Tripathi, A. (2025). Misconceptions thrive in the field of cancer as technological advances continue to confuse stem cell biology. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 21(5), 1471\u20131483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-025-10880-1","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"11078_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3003052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003052","volume":"23","author":"S Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, S., Soto, A. M., & Sonnenschein, C. (2025). The end of the genetic paradigm of cancer. Plos Biology, 23(3), e3003052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003052","journal-title":"Plos Biology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"11078_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-025-10059-w","volume":"57","author":"TN Seyfried","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seyfried, T. N., Lee, D. C., Duraj, T., et al. (2025). The Warburg hypothesis and the emergence of the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 57(2\u20133), 57\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10863-025-10059-w","journal-title":"Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes"},{"issue":"8","key":"11078_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-025-10954-0","volume":"21","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D. (2025). Will detecting somatic mutations three years prior to diagnosis help early prediction of cancer? Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 21(8), 2807\u20132809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-025-10954-0","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"key":"11078_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Jha, N., Tripathi, A., & Tripathi, A. Dysfunctional, tissue-resident, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) initiate cancer and result in its progression and metastasis, independent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-025-11003-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-025-11003-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-025-10891-y","volume":"21","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Sharma, N., Tripathi, A., & Tripathi, A. (2025). Do PGCCs in solid tumors appear due to treatment-related stress or clonal expansion of CSCs that survive oncotherapy? Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 21(5), 1594\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-025-10891-y","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"11078_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa058","volume":"27","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Kausik, A., Singh, P., & Sharma, D. (2021). Will Single-Cell RNAseq Decipher stem cells biology in normal and cancerous tissues? Human Reproduction Update, 27(2), 421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa058","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"11078_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.07.002","volume":"25","author":"Y Post","year":"2019","unstructured":"Post, Y., & Clevers, H. (2019). Defining adult stem cell function at its simplest: The ability to replace lost cells through mitosis. Cell Stem Cell, 25(2), 174\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2019.07.002","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"7165","key":"11078_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06196","volume":"449","author":"N Barker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barker, N., van Es, J. H., Kuipers, J., et al. (2007). Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5. Nature, 449(7165), 1003\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06196","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-022-10401-4","volume":"18","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Mohammad, S. A., Singh, P., Sharma, D., & Kaushik, A. (2022). GFP tagged VSELs help delineate novel stem cell biology in multiple adult tissues. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 18(5), 1603\u20131613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-022-10401-4","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"11078_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6797","DOI":"10.15419\/bmrat.v11i9.924","volume":"11","author":"PV Pham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pham, P. V. (2024). MSCs, but not mesenchymal stem cells. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 11(9), 6797\u20136800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15419\/bmrat.v11i9.924","journal-title":"Biomedical Research and Therapy"},{"key":"11078_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dezawa, M. (2018). The Muse cell discovery, thanks to wine and science. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1103, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_1"},{"key":"11078_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tatsumi, K., Kushida, Y., Wakao, S., Kuroda, Y., & Dezawa, M. (2018). Protocols for isolation and evaluation of Muse cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1103, 69\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_4"},{"key":"11078_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamada, Y., Wakao, S., Kushida, Y., et al. (2018). S1P-S1PR2 axis mediates homing of Muse cells into damaged heart for long-lasting tissue repair and functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation Research, 122(8), 1069\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA"},{"issue":"11","key":"11078_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105395","volume":"25","author":"Y Oguma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oguma, Y., Kuroda, Y., Wakao, S., Kushida, Y., & Dezawa, M. (2022). Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different signatures of mesenchymal stromal cell pluripotent-like and multipotent populations. iScience, 25(11), 105395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105395. Published 2022 Oct 20.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03126-1","volume":"13","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, H., Wei, J., Liu, X., Zhang, P., & Lin, J. (2022). Muse cells: Ushering in a new era of stem cell-based therapy for stroke. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 13(1), 421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-03126-1","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03806-x","volume":"15","author":"G Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, G., Kitada, M., & Dezawa, M. (2025). Hypoxia boosts pluripotent-like muse cell ratio in mesenchymal stromal cells and upregulates the pluripotency gene expression. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 31183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-03806-x","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7097","key":"11078_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04956","volume":"441","author":"SJ Morrison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morrison, S. J., & Kimble, J. (2006). Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer. Nature, 441(7097), 1068\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04956","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"11078_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.007","volume":"132","author":"JA Knoblich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knoblich, J. A. (2008). Mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division. Cell, 132(4), 583\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11078_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wakao, S., Kushida, Y., & Dezawa, M. (2018). Basic characteristics of Muse cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1103, 13\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_2"},{"issue":"12","key":"11078_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.13172","volume":"29","author":"S Bolkent","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bolkent, S. (2024). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division in tissue homeostasis. Genes to Cells, 29(12), 1099\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gtc.13172","journal-title":"Genes to Cells"},{"key":"11078_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373554","DOI":"10.3389\/frhem.2024.1373554","volume":"3","author":"J Nunes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nunes, J., & Loeffler, D. (2024). Asymmetric cell division of hematopoietic stem cells: Recent advances, emerging concepts, and future perspectives. Frontiers in Hematology, 3, 1373554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frhem.2024.1373554","journal-title":"Frontiers in Hematology"},{"issue":"9","key":"11078_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.681","volume":"29","author":"JM Ramirez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramirez, J. M., Gerbal-Chaloin, S., Milhavet, O., et al. (2011). Brief report: Benchmarking human pluripotent stem cell markers during differentiation into the three germ layers unveils a striking heterogeneity: All markers are not equal. Stem Cells, 29(9), 1469\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stem.681","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-017-0324-5","volume":"10","author":"D. Bhartiya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., & James, K. (2017). Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) in adult mouse uterine perimetrium and myometrium. Journal of Ovarian Research, 10(1), 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-017-0324-5. Published 2017 Apr 24.","journal-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research"},{"key":"11078_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dezawa, M. (2018). Clinical trials of Muse cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1103, 305\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-56847-6_17"},{"key":"11078_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajabi, A., Akbarzadeh, S., Tayefeh-Gholami, S., & Bonyadi, M. (2025). The promising role of Muse cells in regenerative medicine: Mechanisms, applications, and future directions. Life Sciences, 382, 124024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124024"},{"issue":"5","key":"11078_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt494","volume":"5","author":"D Bhartiya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Mundekar, A., Mahale, V., & Patel, H. (2014). Very small embryonic-like stem cells are involved in regeneration of mouse pancreas post-pancreatectomy. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 5(5), 106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/scrt494","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-019-09919-x","volume":"16","author":"SA Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad, S. A., Metkari, S., & Bhartiya, D. (2020). Mouse pancreas stem\/progenitor cells get augmented by streptozotocin and regenerate diabetic pancreas after partial pancreatectomy. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 16(1), 144\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-019-09919-x","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02703-8","volume":"13","author":"P Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, P., Metkari, S., & Bhartiya, D. (2022). Additional evidence to support OCT-4 positive VSELs and EnSCs as the elusive tissue-resident stem\/progenitor cells in adult mice uterus. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 13(1), 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02703-8","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"11078_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.10.007","volume":"39","author":"J Ratajczak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ratajczak, J., Wysoczynski, M., Zuba-Surma, E., Wan, W., Kucia, M., Yoder, M. C., & Ratajczak, M. Z. (2011). Adult murine bone marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells differentiate into the hematopoietic lineage after coculture over OP9 stromal cells. Experimental Hematology, 39(2), 225\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.10.007","journal-title":"Experimental Hematology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0311-6","volume":"7","author":"A Shaikh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaikh, A., Bhartiya, D., Kapoor, S., & Nimkar, H. (2016). Delineating the effects of 5-fluorouracil and follicle-stimulating hormone on mouse bone marrow stem\/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 7(1), 59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-016-0311-6","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"11078_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116643593","volume":"23","author":"H Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel, H., & Bhartiya, D. (2016). Testicular stem cells express follicle-stimulating hormone receptors and are directly modulated by FSH. Reproductive Sciences, 23(11), 1493\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719116643593","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"11078_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115576727","volume":"22","author":"K Sriraman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sriraman, K., Bhartiya, D., Anand, S., & Bhutda, S. (2015). Mouse ovarian very small embryonic-like stem cells resist chemotherapy and retain ability to initiate oocyte-specific differentiation. Reproductive Sciences, 22(7), 884\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719115576727","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"11078_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0121-1","volume":"13","author":"P Kurkure","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kurkure, P., Prasad, M., Dhamankar, V., & Bakshi, G. (2015). Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) detected in azoospermic testicular biopsies of adult survivors of childhood cancer. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 13, 122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-015-0121-1","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11078_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-018-0454-4","volume":"11","author":"K James","year":"2018","unstructured":"James, K., Bhartiya, D., Ganguly, R., et al. (2018). Gonadotropin and steroid hormones regulate pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells in adult mouse uterine endometrium. Journal of Ovarian Research, 11(1), 83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-018-0454-4","journal-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research"},{"key":"11078_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhartiya, D., Anand, S., Patel, H., & Parte, S. (2017). Making gametes from alternate sources of stem cells: past, present and future. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: RB&E, 15(1), 89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-017-0308-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-017-0308-8"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:15:17Z","timestamp":1776752117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["11078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11078-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2629-3269","2629-3277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2629-3269","type":"print"},{"value":"2629-3277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Yes, we have.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The author is an employee at TZAR Genomics Pvt Ltd, which has an interest in early detection of cancer with a focus on VSELs that are mobilized into the peripheral blood.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}}]}}