{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:32:11Z","timestamp":1793302331000,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Rev and Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:33:11Z","timestamp":1787218391000},"page":"3490-3511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances from Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chunning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6913","key":"11213_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6913.1195","volume":"307","author":"EM Kohner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kohner, E. M. (1993). Diabetic retinopathy. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 307(6913), 1195\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6913.1195","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.05.005","volume":"42","author":"AM Hendrick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hendrick, A. M., Gibson, M. V., & Kulshreshtha, A. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy. Primary Care, 42(3), 451\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2015.05.005","journal-title":"Primary Care"},{"key":"11213_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00843","volume":"10","author":"SH Sinclair","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinclair, S. H., & Schwartz, S. S. (2019). Diabetic retinopathy-An underdiagnosed and undertreated inflammatory, neuro-vascular complication of diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10, 843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00843","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"11213_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125062","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1125062","volume":"10","author":"A Antropoli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antropoli, A., Arrigo, A., La Franca, L., Bianco, L., Barlocci, E., Fusi, E., et al. (2023). Peripheral and central capillary non-perfusion in diabetic retinopathy: An updated overview. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, 1125062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1125062","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"issue":"9735","key":"11213_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)62124-3","volume":"376","author":"N Cheung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheung, N., Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y. (2010). Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet (London, England), 376(9735), 124\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)62124-3","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-021-00239-1","volume":"8","author":"S Nian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nian, S., Lo, A. C. Y., Mi, Y., Ren, K., & Yang, D. (2021). Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets. Eye and Vision (London, England), 8(1), 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40662-021-00239-1","journal-title":"Eye and Vision (London, England)"},{"issue":"16","key":"11213_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03893-9","volume":"78","author":"L Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji, L., Tian, H., Webster, K. A., & Li, W. (2021). Neurovascular regulation in diabetic retinopathy and emerging therapies. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences\u202f: CMLS, 78(16), 5977\u20135985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-021-03893-9","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS"},{"key":"11213_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763092","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763092","volume":"12","author":"C Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng, C., Gu, C., He, S., Su, T., Lhamo, T., Draga, D., et al. (2021). Pyroptosis in the retinal neurovascular unit: New insights into diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 763092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763092","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"11213_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416668","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1416668","volume":"15","author":"SK Reddy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reddy, S. K., Devi, V., Seetharaman, A. T. M., Shailaja, S., Bhat, K. M. R., Gangaraju, R., et al. (2024). Cell and molecular targeted therapies for diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1416668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1416668","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00451-4","volume":"17","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antonetti, D. A., Silva, P. S., & Stitt, A. W. (2021). Current understanding of the molecular and cellular pathology of diabetic retinopathy. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 17(4), 195\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-020-00451-4","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Endocrinology"},{"issue":"19","key":"11213_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522014113","volume":"113","author":"EH Sohn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sohn, E. H., van Dijk, H. W., Jiao, C., Kok, P. H., Jeong, W., Demirkaya, N., et al. (2016). Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(19), E2655\u2013E2664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1522014113","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"11213_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E006","DOI":"10.1017\/s095252382000005x","volume":"37","author":"ED Eggers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eggers, E. D., & Carreon, T. A. (2020). The effects of early diabetes on inner retinal neurons. Visual Neuroscience, 37, E006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s095252382000005x","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"issue":"21","key":"11213_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000001015","volume":"133","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, X., Yu, X. W., Zhang, D. D., & Fan, Z. G. (2020). Blood-retinal barrier as a converging pivot in understanding the initiation and development of retinal diseases. Chinese Medical Journal, 133(21), 2586\u20132594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cm9.0000000000001015","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"11213_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2026.5771","author":"Y Yao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Wang, S., Li, J., Jin, Q., Chen, Z., Jiang, Q., et al. (2026). Endothelial UNC5B regulates blood-retinal barrier homeostasis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2026.5771","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"11213_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105115","volume":"161","author":"M Rudraraju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudraraju, M., Narayanan, S. P., & Somanath, P. R. (2020). Regulation of blood-retinal barrier cell-junctions in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacological research, 161, 105115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105115","journal-title":"Pharmacological research"},{"key":"11213_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081320","author":"R Sim\u00f3","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3, R., Sim\u00f3-Servat, O., Bogdanov, P., & Hern\u00e1ndez, C. (2021). Neurovascular unit: A new target for treating early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Pharmaceutics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081320","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"11213_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582060","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582060","volume":"2015","author":"F Semeraro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Semeraro, F., Cancarini, A., dell\u2019Omo, R., Rezzola, S., Romano, M. R., & Costagliola, C. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy: Vascular and inflammatory disease. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2015, 582060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/582060","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"key":"11213_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3420187","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3420187","volume":"2018","author":"MY Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, M. Y., Yiang, G. T., Lai, T. T., & Li, C. J. (2018). The oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 3420187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3420187","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555643","DOI":"10.19080\/jojo.2017.04.555643","volume":"4","author":"LP Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, L. P., Devi, T. S., & Yumnamcha, T. (2017). The role of Txnip in mitophagy dysregulation and inflammasome activation in diabetic retinopathy: A new perspective. JOJ Ophthalmology, 4(4), 10\u201319080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/jojo.2017.04.555643","journal-title":"JOJ Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-016-1002-6","volume":"66","author":"W Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, W., Zhao, M., Zhao, S., Lu, Q., Ni, L., Zou, C., et al. (2017). Activation of the TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: A novel inhibitory effect of minocycline. Inflammation Research, 66(2), 157\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-016-1002-6","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"key":"11213_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8193523","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8193523","volume":"2018","author":"L Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu, L., Lu, Q., Chen, W., Li, J., Li, C., & Zheng, Z. (2018). Vitamin D 3 protects against diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting high-glucose-induced activation of the ROS\/TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 8193523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8193523","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"key":"11213_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.050","volume":"233","author":"L Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, L., Yao, Y., Zheng, W., Zheng, X., Xie, M., & Huang, L. (2025). Nitric oxide mediates negative feedback on the TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to prevent retinal neurovascular unit dysfunction in early diabetic retinopathy. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 233, 279\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.050","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1409","volume":"46","author":"GR Barile","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barile, G. R., Pachydaki, S. I., Tari, S. R., Lee, S. E., Donmoyer, C. M., Ma, W., et al. (2005). The RAGE axis in early diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 46(8), 2916\u20132924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.04-1409","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H738","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00005.2016","volume":"311","author":"EP Moran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moran, E. P., Wang, Z., Chen, J., Sapieha, P., Smith, L. E., & Ma, J. X. (2016). Neurovascular cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 311(3), H738\u2013H749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00005.2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"11213_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932886","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.932886","volume":"10","author":"S Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, S., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, M. (2022). Targeting novel regulated cell death: Pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 10, 932886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.932886","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"11213_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236","volume":"251","author":"M Karpagavalli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karpagavalli, M., Sindal, M. D., Arunachalam, J. P., & Chidambaram, S. (2025). MiRNAs, piRNAs, and lncRNAs: A triad of non-coding RNAs regulating the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy and their therapeutic potentials. Experimental Eye Research, 251, 110236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13373","volume":"15","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, X., Huang, Z., Xu, M., Chen, Y., Cao, M., Yi, G., et al. (2023). Autophagy in the retinal neurovascular unit: New perspectives into diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Diabetes, 15(5), 382\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.13373","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"11213_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.644121","volume":"8","author":"Q Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong, Q., Wang, H., Yu, P., Qian, T., & Xu, X. (2021). Protective or harmful: The dual roles of autophagy in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 644121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.644121","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19197","volume":"57","author":"JM Lopes de Faria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopes de Faria, J. M., Duarte, D. A., Montemurro, C., Papadimitriou, A., Consonni, S. R., & Lopes de Faria, J. B. (2016). Defective autophagy in diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57(10), 4356\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-19197","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"11213_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695267","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.695267","volume":"12","author":"A Adornetto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adornetto, A., Gesualdo, C., Lagan\u00e0, M. L., Trotta, M. C., Rossi, S., & Russo, R. (2021). Autophagy: A novel pharmacological target in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 695267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.695267","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"7575","key":"11213_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","volume":"526","author":"J Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, K., Shi, X., Wang, Y., Huang, H., et al. (2015). Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature, 526(7575), 660\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature15514","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11213_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-073119-095439","volume":"38","author":"S Kesavardhana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kesavardhana, S., Malireddi, R. K. S., & Kanneganti, T. D. (2020). Caspases in cell death, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Annual Review of Immunology, 38, 567\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-073119-095439","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"issue":"7860","key":"11213_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03478-3","volume":"593","author":"S Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia, S., Zhang, Z., Magupalli, V. G., Pablo, J. L., Dong, Y., Vora, S. M., et al. (2021). Gasdermin D pore structure reveals preferential release of mature interleukin-1. Nature, 593(7860), 607\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03478-3","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"11213_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4510628","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4510628","volume":"2020","author":"J Gan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gan, J., Huang, M., Lan, G., Liu, L., & Xu, F. (2020). High glucose induces the loss of retinal pericytes partly via NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. BioMed Research International, 2020, 4510628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4510628","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2014.18.1.1","volume":"18","author":"VP Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh, V. P., Bali, A., Singh, N., & Jaggi, A. S. (2014). Advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology: Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology, 18(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4196\/kjpp.2014.18.1.1","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology: Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology"},{"key":"11213_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1037186","volume":"9","author":"Q Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang, Q., Dai, H., Jiang, S., & Yu, L. (2022). Advanced glycation end products in diabetic retinopathy and phytochemical therapy. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1037186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1037186","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000298","volume":"8","author":"DP Narendra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Narendra, D. P., Jin, S. M., Tanaka, A., Suen, D. F., Gautier, C. A., Shen, J., et al. (2010). PINK1 is selectively stabilized on impaired mitochondria to activate Parkin. PLoS Biology, 8(1), e1000298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000298","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"11213_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112250","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Y., & Zou, H. (2022). Research progress on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11112250","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200809125","volume":"183","author":"D Narendra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Narendra, D., Tanaka, A., Suen, D. F., & Youle, R. J. (2008). Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy. The Journal of Cell Biology, 183(5), 795\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200809125","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"11213_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110024","volume":"247","author":"AG D'Amico","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico, A. G., Maugeri, G., Magr\u00ec, B., Bucolo, C., & D\u2019Agata, V. (2024). Targeting the PINK1\/Parkin pathway: A new perspective in the prevention and therapy of diabetic retinopathy. Experimental Eye Research, 247, 110024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110024","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"key":"11213_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8030213","author":"P Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Xie, W., Meng, X., Zhai, Y., Dong, X., Zhang, X., et al. (2019). Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy through PINK1-dependent activation of mitophagy. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8030213","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"11213_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0368-7","volume":"12","author":"Y Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Chen, H., & Su, S. B. (2015). Neuroinflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 12, 141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-015-0368-7","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"11213_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.03.013","volume":"139","author":"BA Coughlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coughlin, B. A., Feenstra, D. J., & Mohr, S. (2017). M\u00fcller cells and diabetic retinopathy. Vision Research, 139, 93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2017.03.013","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"11213_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E006","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523821000031","volume":"38","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, X., Yu, Z. W., Li, H. Y., Yuan, Y., Gao, X. Y., & Kuang, H. Y. (2021). Retinal microglia polarization in diabetic retinopathy. Visual Neuroscience, 38, E006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523821000031","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.5.815","volume":"47","author":"E Lieth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lieth, E., Barber, A. J., Xu, B., Dice, C., Ratz, M. J., Tanase, D., et al. (1998). Glial reactivity and impaired glutamate metabolism in short-term experimental diabetic retinopathy. Penn State retina research group. Diabetes, 47(5), 815\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.47.5.815","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"11213_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.05.005","volume":"139","author":"YZ Le","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le, Y. Z. (2017). VEGF production and signaling in M\u00fcller glia are critical to modulating vascular function and neuronal integrity in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal vascular diseases. Vision Research, 139, 108\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2017.05.005","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"11213_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.042","volume":"233","author":"HY Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, H. Y., Wang, J., Xiao, T., Gu, Q., Fan, Y., Ge, P., et al. (2025). STING immune activation of microglia aggravating neurovascular unit damage in diabetic retinopathy. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 233, 86\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.042","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"key":"11213_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.009","volume":"548","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, B., Duan, R., & Liu, Y. (2024). Mitochondrial DNA leakage and cGas\/STING pathway in microglia: Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neuroscience, 548, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"11213_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081649","author":"CD Haydinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haydinger, C. D., Oliver, G. F., Ashander, L. M., & Smith, J. R. (2023). Oxidative stress and its regulation in diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12081649","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"11213_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8562408","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8562408","volume":"2019","author":"OM Cecilia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cecilia, O. M., Jos\u00e9 Alberto, C. G., Jos\u00e9, N. P., Ernesto Germ\u00e1n, C. M., Ana Karen, L. C., Luis Miguel, R. P., et al. (2019). Oxidative stress as the main target in diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2019, 8562408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8562408","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"11213_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","volume":"366","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonetti, D. A., Klein, R., & Gardner, T. W. (2012). Diabetic retinopathy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 366(13), 1227\u20131239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"11213_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.04.003","volume":"139","author":"J Lechner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lechner, J., O\u2019Leary, O. E., & Stitt, A. W. (2017). The pathology associated with diabetic retinopathy. Vision Research, 139, 7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2017.04.003","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.07.001","volume":"24","author":"RS Eshaq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eshaq, R. S., Aldalati, A. M. Z., Alexander, J. S., & Harris, N. R. (2017). Diabetic retinopathy: Breaking the barrier. Pathophysiology: The Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology, 24(4), 229\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.07.001","journal-title":"Pathophysiology: The Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology"},{"key":"11213_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197413","author":"H Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, H. (2020). Pericyte-endothelial interactions in the retinal microvasculature. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21197413","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"11213_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15296","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15296","volume":"8","author":"DY Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park, D. Y., Lee, J., Kim, J., Kim, K., Hong, S., Han, S., et al. (2017). Plastic roles of pericytes in the blood-retinal barrier. Nature Communications, 8, 15296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15296","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2052","volume":"15","author":"P Geraldes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Geraldes, P., Hiraoka-Yamamoto, J., Matsumoto, M., Clermont, A., Leitges, M., Marette, A., et al. (2009). Activation of PKC-delta and SHP-1 by hyperglycemia causes vascular cell apoptosis and diabetic retinopathy. Nature Medicine, 15(11), 1298\u20131306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2052","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1420","volume":"59","author":"J Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, J., Xu, X., Elliott, M. H., Zhu, M., & Le, Y. Z. (2010). M\u00fcller cell-derived VEGF is essential for diabetes-induced retinal inflammation and vascular leakage. Diabetes, 59(9), 2297\u20132305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db09-1420","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x14666160225154536","volume":"14","author":"A Araszkiewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Araszkiewicz, A., & Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz, D. (2016). Retinal neurodegeneration in the course of diabetes-pathogenesis and clinical perspective. Current Neuropharmacology, 14(8), 805\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x14666160225154536","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-012-9901-8","volume":"33","author":"MS Ola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ola, M. S., Nawaz, M. I., El-Asrar, A. A., Abouammoh, M., & Alhomida, A. S. (2013). Reduced levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum of diabetic retinopathy patients and in the retina of diabetic rats. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 33(3), 359\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-012-9901-8","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"11213_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02505.x","volume":"25","author":"EM Kohner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohner, E. M. (2008). Microvascular disease: What does the UKPDS tell us about diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 25(Suppl 2), 20\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02505.x","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association"},{"key":"11213_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16091096","author":"C Kaurich","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaurich, C., Mahajan, N., & Bhatwadekar, A. D. (2025). Precision medicine for diabetic retinopathy: Integrating genetics, biomarkers, lifestyle, and AI. Genes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes16091096","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"11213_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032927","author":"T Oshitari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oshitari, T. (2023). Advanced glycation end-products and diabetic neuropathy of the retina. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032927","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0198-7","volume":"11","author":"H Zong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zong, H., Ward, M., & Stitt, A. W. (2011). AGEs, RAGE, and diabetic retinopathy. Current Diabetes Reports, 11(4), 244\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-011-0198-7","journal-title":"Current Diabetes Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-023-01194-9","volume":"22","author":"Z Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Fan, B., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023). RAGE plays key role in diabetic retinopathy: A review. Biomedical Engineering Online, 22(1), 128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-023-01194-9","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering Online"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1063","volume":"44","author":"TC Moore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moore, T. C., Moore, J. E., Kaji, Y., Frizzell, N., Usui, T., Poulaki, V., et al. (2003). The role of advanced glycation end products in retinal microvascular leukostasis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 44(10), 4457\u20134464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.02-1063","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0495","volume":"48","author":"Y Kaji","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaji, Y., Usui, T., Ishida, S., Yamashiro, K., Moore, T. C., Moore, J., et al. (2007). Inhibition of diabetic leukostasis and blood-retinal barrier breakdown with a soluble form of a receptor for advanced glycation end products. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48(2), 858\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.06-0495","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1523-3","volume":"47","author":"AW Stitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stitt, A. W., Hughes, S. J., Canning, P., Lynch, O., Cox, O., Frizzell, N., et al. (2004). Substrates modified by advanced glycation end-products cause dysfunction and death in retinal pericytes by reducing survival signals mediated by platelet-derived growth factor. Diabetologia, 47(10), 1735\u20131746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-004-1523-3","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1429","volume":"201","author":"TA Gardiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gardiner, T. A., Anderson, H. R., & Stitt, A. W. (2003). Inhibition of advanced glycation end-products protects against retinal capillary basement membrane expansion during long-term diabetes. The Journal of Pathology, 201(2), 328\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1429","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"11213_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100903","volume":"82","author":"S Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roy, S., & Kim, D. (2021). Retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: Role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 82, 100903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100903","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.079491","volume":"89","author":"A Lecleire-Collet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lecleire-Collet, A., Tessier, L. H., Massin, P., Forster, V., Brasseur, G., Sahel, J. A., et al. (2005). Advanced glycation end products can induce glial reaction and neuronal degeneration in retinal explants. The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89(12), 1631\u20131633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2005.079491","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"11213_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137409","author":"H Ooi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ooi, H., Furukawa, A., Takeuchi, M., & Koriyama, Y. (2024). Toxic advanced glycation end-products inhibit axonal elongation mediated by \u03b2-tubulin aggregation in mice optic nerves. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137409","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1900-z","volume":"53","author":"H Zong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zong, H., Ward, M., Madden, A., Yong, P. H., Limb, G. A., Curtis, T. M., et al. (2010). Hyperglycaemia-induced pro-inflammatory responses by retinal M\u00fcller glia are regulated by the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Diabetologia, 53(12), 2656\u20132666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-010-1900-z","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1971-x","volume":"54","author":"TM Curtis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Curtis, T. M., Hamilton, R., Yong, P. H., McVicar, C. M., Berner, A., Pringle, R., et al. (2011). M\u00fcller glial dysfunction during diabetic retinopathy in rats is linked to accumulation of advanced glycation end-products and advanced lipoxidation end-products. Diabetologia, 54(3), 690\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-010-1971-x","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"24","key":"11213_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11555","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11555","volume":"88","author":"HP Hammes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hammes, H. P., Martin, S., Federlin, K., Geisen, K., & Brownlee, M. (1991). Aminoguanidine treatment inhibits the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(24), 11555\u201311558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11555","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.7.1636","volume":"50","author":"TS Kern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kern, T. S., & Engerman, R. L. (2001). Pharmacological inhibition of diabetic retinopathy: Aminoguanidine and aspirin. Diabetes, 50(7), 1636\u20131642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.50.7.1636","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2826","volume":"51","author":"A Stitt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stitt, A., Gardiner, T. A., Alderson, N. L., Canning, P., Frizzell, N., Duffy, N., et al. (2002). The AGE inhibitor pyridoxamine inhibits development of retinopathy in experimental diabetes. Diabetes, 51(9), 2826\u20132832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2826","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"11213_CR77","first-page":"3156","volume":"17","author":"G Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, G., Tang, J., Du, Y., Lee, C. A., & Kern, T. S. (2011). Beneficial effects of a novel RAGE inhibitor on early diabetic retinopathy and tactile allodynia. Molecular vision, 17, 3156\u20133165.","journal-title":"Molecular vision"},{"key":"11213_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110729","volume":"262","author":"C Lei","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lei, C., Lv, Z., Ran, Q., Jiang, F., & Zhang, M. (2026). Homocysteine and diabetic retinopathy. Experimental Eye Research, 262, 110729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110729","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"key":"11213_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081119","author":"A Tawfik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tawfik, A., Samra, Y. A., Elsherbiny, N. M., & Al-Shabrawey, M. (2020). Implication of hyperhomocysteinemia in blood retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction. Biomolecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10081119","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"16","key":"11213_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12562","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24333","volume":"9","author":"K Elmasry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elmasry, K., Mohamed, R., Sharma, I., Elsherbiny, N. M., Liu, Y., Al-Shabrawey, M., et al. (2018). Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: Potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Oncotarget, 9(16), 12562\u201312590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.24333","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09731-y","volume":"7","author":"R Mohamed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohamed, R., Sharma, I., Ibrahim, A. S., Saleh, H., Elsherbiny, N. M., Fulzele, S., et al. (2017). Hyperhomocysteinemia alters retinal endothelial cells barrier function and angiogenic potential via activation of oxidative stress. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 11952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09731-y","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"11213_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100017","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.TR120000981","volume":"62","author":"JV Busik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Busik, J. V. (2021). Lipid metabolism dysregulation in diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Lipid Research, 62, 100017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.TR120000981","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"11213_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060520","author":"MH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, M. H., Hsiao, G., & Al-Shabrawey, M. (2020). Eicosanoids and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9060520","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.119.14100","volume":"75","author":"D Deliyanti","year":"1979","unstructured":"Deliyanti, D., Alrashdi, S. F., Touyz, R. M., Kennedy, C. R., Jha, J. C., Cooper, M. E., et al. (1979). Nox (NADPH oxidase) 1, Nox4, and Nox5 promote vascular permeability and neovascularization in retinopathy. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.\u202f: 1979), 75(4), 1091\u20131101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hypertensionaha.119.14100","journal-title":"Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040942","volume":"19","author":"A R\u00fcbsam","year":"2018","unstructured":"R\u00fcbsam, A., Parikh, S., & Fort, P. E. (2018). Role of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(4), 942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19040942","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"11213_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571576","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571576","volume":"16","author":"W He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, W., Tang, P., & Lv, H. (2025). Targeting oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy: Mechanisms, pathology, and novel treatment approaches. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 1571576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571576","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.18-0146","volume":"68","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, S., Yang, H., & Chen, X. (2019). Protective effects of sulforaphane on diabetic retinopathy: Activation of the Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome formation. Experimental Animals, 68(2), 221\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1538\/expanim.18-0146","journal-title":"Experimental Animals"},{"key":"11213_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796565","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.796565","volume":"12","author":"T Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, T., Chen, X., Chen, W., Huang, S., Peng, X., Tian, L., et al. (2021). Curcumin is a potential adjuvant to alleviates diabetic retinal injury via reducing oxidative stress and maintaining Nrf2 pathway homeostasis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 796565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.796565","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1071-3","volume":"44","author":"R Milne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milne, R., & Brownstein, S. (2013). Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy. Amino Acids, 44(6), 1397\u20131407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-011-1071-3","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"11213_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821936","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/821936","volume":"2012","author":"W Cui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cui, W., Bai, Y., Miao, X., Luo, P., Chen, Q., Tan, Y., et al. (2012). Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by sulforaphane: Possible role of Nrf2 upregulation and activation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012, 821936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/821936","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"key":"11213_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115569","volume":"212","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Jiang, G., Huang, R., Liu, Y., Chang, X., & Fu, S. (2023). Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic retinopathy: From pathogenesis to therapeutic strategies. Biochemical Pharmacology, 212, 115569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115569","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.132308","volume":"92","author":"T Oshitari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oshitari, T., Yamamoto, S., Hata, N., & Roy, S. (2008). Mitochondria- and caspase-dependent cell death pathway involved in neuronal degeneration in diabetic retinopathy. The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 92(4), 552\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2007.132308","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"24","key":"11213_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200812020-00018","volume":"121","author":"YH Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, Y. H., Zhuo, Y. H., L\u00fc, L., Chen, L. Y., Huang, X. H., Zhang, J. L., et al. (2008). Caspase-dependent retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in the rat model of acute diabetes. Chinese Medical Journal, 121(24), 2566\u20132571.","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x14666160321122900","volume":"14","author":"MD Rosa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosa, M. D., Distefano, G., Gagliano, C., Rusciano, D., & Malaguarnera, L. (2016). Autophagy in diabetic retinopathy. Current Neuropharmacology, 14(8), 810\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x14666160321122900","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4058-5","volume":"59","author":"D Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu, D., Yu, J. Y., Yang, S., Wu, M., Hammad, S. M., Connell, A. R., et al. (2016). Survival or death: A dual role for autophagy in stress-induced pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia, 59(10), 2251\u20132261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-016-4058-5","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"11213_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2760537","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2760537","volume":"2022","author":"WJ Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, W. J., Ma, X. F., Zhou, H. R., Xu, C. Y., Yu, X. Y., Hu, Y. X., et al. (2022). Autophagy Modulates the migration of retinal pericytes induced by advanced glycation end products. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: ECAM, 2022, 2760537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/2760537","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: ECAM"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.06.04","volume":"14","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Li, H. S., Li, R., Du, J. H., & Jiao, C. (2021). Autophagy dysregulation mediates the damage of high glucose to retinal pigment epithelium cells. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 14(6), 805\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2021.06.04","journal-title":"International Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1580095","volume":"15","author":"MA Lampert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lampert, M. A., Orogo, A. M., Najor, R. H., Hammerling, B. C., Leon, L. J., Wang, B. J., et al. (2019). BNIP3L\/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy is required for mitochondrial network remodeling during cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Autophagy, 15(7), 1182\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2019.1580095","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i6.1317","volume":"15","author":"JJ Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, J. J., Zhang, S. Y., Mu, L., Dong, Z. G., & Zhang, Y. J. (2024). Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1\u03b1\/BNIP3\/NIX axis. World Journal of Diabetes, 15(6), 1317\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v15.i6.1317","journal-title":"World Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"11213_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.589114","author":"HR Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, H. R., Ma, X. F., Lin, W. J., Hao, M., Yu, X. Y., Li, H. X., et al. (2020). Neuroprotective role of GLP-1 analog for retinal ganglion cells via PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Pharmacology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.589114","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.2008.04.01.115","volume":"4","author":"T Oshitari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oshitari, T., Hata, N., & Yamamoto, S. (2008). Endoplasmic reticulum stress and diabetic retinopathy. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 4(1), 115\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/vhrm.2008.04.01.115","journal-title":"Vascular Health and Risk Management"},{"key":"11213_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507986","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/507986","volume":"2012","author":"WK Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu, W. K., Liu, R., Pei, H., & Li, B. (2012). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors protect against diabetic retinopathy. Experimental Diabetes Research, 2012, 507986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/507986","journal-title":"Experimental Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.8.16","volume":"65","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka, M., Yasuda, H., Nakamura, S., & Shimazawa, M. (2024). H-151, a selective STING inhibitor, has potential as a treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 65(8), 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.65.8.16","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"11213_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.01.003","volume":"173","author":"JH Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, J. H., Ling, D., Tu, L., van Wijngaarden, P., Dusting, G. J., & Liu, G. S. (2017). Gene therapy for diabetic retinopathy: Are we ready to make the leap from bench to bedside? Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 173, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.01.003","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"11213_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564077","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.564077","volume":"11","author":"UM Kinuthia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinuthia, U. M., Wolf, A., & Langmann, T. (2020). Microglia and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 564077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.564077","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"11213_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104265","volume":"139","author":"K Ge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ge, K., Wang, Y., Li, P., Li, M., Zhang, W., Dan, H., et al. (2022). Down-expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Microvascular Research, 139, 104265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104265","journal-title":"Microvascular Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18438-4","volume":"15","author":"K Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren, K., & Li, X. (2025). MCC950 targets the ROS-NEK7-NLRP3 axis to improve type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-18438-4","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"28","key":"11213_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666220922104654","volume":"30","author":"M Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, M., & Zhao, L. (2023). The selective NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor CY-09 ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 30(28), 3261\u20133270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867329666220922104654","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22816","volume":"59","author":"H Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, H., Zhang, X., Liao, N., Mi, L., Peng, Y., Liu, B., et al. (2018). Enhanced expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(2), 978\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-22816","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12535","volume":"171","author":"MF El-Azab","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Azab, M. F., Baldowski, B. R., Mysona, B. A., Shanab, A. Y., Mohamed, I. N., Abdelsaid, M. A., et al. (2014). Deletion of thioredoxin-interacting protein preserves retinal neuronal function by preventing inflammation and vascular injury. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(5), 1299\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.12535","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13427","volume":"95","author":"S Loukovaara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loukovaara, S., Piippo, N., Kinnunen, K., Hytti, M., Kaarniranta, K., & Kauppinen, A. (2017). NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmologica, 95(8), 803\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13427","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21198-z","volume":"8","author":"SS Chaurasia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaurasia, S. S., Lim, R. R., Parikh, B. H., Wey, Y. S., Tun, B. B., Wong, T. Y., et al. (2018). The NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to pathologic neovascularization in the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21198-z","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20210010","volume":"84","author":"L Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, L., You, J., Yao, Y., & Xie, M. (2021). High glucose induces pyroptosis of retinal microglia through NLPR3 inflammasome signaling. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 84(1), 67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20210010","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2941","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.308","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Lv, X., Hu, Z., Ye, X., Zheng, X., Ding, Y., et al. (2017). Protection of Mcc950 against high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cell dysfunction. Cell Death & Disease, 8(7), e2941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2017.308","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"11213_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918605","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.918605","volume":"13","author":"N Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, N., Ding, L., Liu, D., Zhang, Q., Zheng, G., Xia, X., et al. (2022). Molecular investigation of candidate genes for pyroptosis-induced inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 918605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.918605","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2905190","volume":"29","author":"A Gericke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gericke, A., & Buonfiglio, F. (2024). Physiological and pathophysiological relevance of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in retinal blood vessels. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 29(5), 190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.fbl2905190","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.01.004","volume":"26","author":"N Toda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toda, N., & Nakanishi-Toda, M. (2007). Nitric oxide: Ocular blood flow, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 26(3), 205\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.01.004","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13384","volume":"96","author":"R Opatrilova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Opatrilova, R., Kubatka, P., Caprnda, M., B\u00fcsselberg, D., Krasnik, V., Vesely, P., et al. (2018). Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: Evidences from preclinical and clinical researches. Acta Ophthalmologica, 96(3), 222\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13384","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"11213_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.01.012","volume":"109","author":"A Gericke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gericke, A., Goloborodko, E., Sniatecki, J. J., Steege, A., Wojnowski, L., & Pfeiffer, N. (2013). Contribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms to cholinergic vasodilation in murine retinal arterioles. Experimental Eye Research, 109, 60\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2013.01.012","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"11213_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21068","volume":"58","author":"A Mishra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mishra, A., & Newman, E. A. (2010). Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reverses the loss of functional hyperemia in diabetic retinopathy. Glia, 58(16), 1996\u20132004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.21068","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0112","volume":"48","author":"EC Leal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leal, E. C., Manivannan, A., Hosoya, K., Terasaki, T., Cunha-Vaz, J., Ambr\u00f3sio, A. F., et al. (2007). Inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform is a key mediator of leukostasis and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48(11), 5257\u20135265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.07-0112","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0734-9","volume":"50","author":"L Zheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zheng, L., Du, Y., Miller, C., Gubitosi-Klug, R. A., Kern, T. S., Ball, S., et al. (2007). Critical role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in degeneration of retinal capillaries in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia, 50(9), 1987\u20131996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-007-0734-9","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.2741\/3505","volume":"14","author":"L Zheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zheng, L., & Kern, T. S. (2009). Role of nitric oxide, superoxide, peroxynitrite and PARP in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark edition), 14(10), 3974\u20133987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/3505","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2000.00222.x","volume":"28","author":"E Lieth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lieth, E., Gardner, T. W., Barber, A. J., & Antonetti, D. A. (2000). Retinal neurodegeneration: Early pathology in diabetes. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 28(1), 3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2000.00222.x","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3143","volume":"50","author":"HW van Dijk","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Dijk, H. W., Kok, P. H., Garvin, M., Sonka, M., Devries, J. H., Michels, R. P., et al. (2009). Selective loss of inner retinal layer thickness in type 1 diabetic patients with minimal diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 50(7), 3404\u20133409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.08-3143","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"11213_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19988","volume":"57","author":"D El-Fayoumi","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Fayoumi, D., Badr Eldine, N. M., Esmael, A. F., Ghalwash, D., & Soliman, H. M. (2016). Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thicknesses are reduced in children with type 1 diabetes with no evidence of vascular retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57(13), 5355\u20135360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-19988","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58465-x","volume":"10","author":"HB Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim, H. B., Shin, Y. I., Lee, M. W., Koo, H., Lee, W. H., & Kim, J. Y. (2020). Ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer damage in diabetic patients: 3-year prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-58465-x","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"11213_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092829","author":"G Garh\u00f6fer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garh\u00f6fer, G., Chua, J., Tan, B., Wong, D., Schmidl, D., & Schmetterer, L. (2020). Retinal neurovascular coupling in diabetes. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9092829","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.09.005","volume":"25","author":"R Sim\u00f3","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3, R., & Hern\u00e1ndez, C. (2014). Neurodegeneration in the diabetic eye: New insights and therapeutic perspectives. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM, 25(1), 23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2013.09.005","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1433","volume":"7","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Tao, L., Fu, X., Zhao, Y., & Xu, X. (2013). BDNF protects retinal neurons from hyperglycemia through the TrkB\/ERK\/MAPK pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 7(6), 1773\u20131778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2013.1433","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"16","key":"11213_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200311140-00012","volume":"14","author":"Y Aizu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aizu, Y., Katayama, H., Takahama, S., Hu, J., Nakagawa, H., & Oyanagi, K. (2003). Topical instillation of ciliary neurotrophic factor inhibits retinal degeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. NeuroReport, 14(16), 2067\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200311140-00012","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2002","volume":"37","author":"R Sim\u00f3","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3, R., Sundstrom, J. M., & Antonetti, D. A. (2014). Ocular anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy: The role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 37(4), 893\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"11213_CR133","first-page":"2408","volume":"42","author":"T Qaum","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qaum, T., Xu, Q., Joussen, A. M., Clemens, M. W., Qin, W., Miyamoto, K., et al. (2001). VEGF-initiated blood-retinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 42(10), 2408\u20132413.","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1990","volume":"37","author":"N Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung, N., Wong, I. Y., & Wong, T. Y. (2014). Ocular anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy: Overview of clinical efficacy and evolving applications. Diabetes Care, 37(4), 900\u2013905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"11213_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93751","author":"EJ Duh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duh, E. J., Sun, J. K., & Stitt, A. W. (2017). Diabetic retinopathy: Current understanding, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. JCI Insight. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.93751","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565","volume":"136","author":"NM Bressler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bressler, N. M., Beaulieu, W. T., Glassman, A. R., Blinder, K. J., Bressler, S. B., Jampol, L. M., et al. (2018). Persistent macular thickening following intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for central-involved diabetic macular edema with vision impairment: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmology, 136(3), 257\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.107","volume":"27","author":"KG Falavarjani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falavarjani, K. G., & Nguyen, Q. D. (2013). Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: A review of literature. Eye (London, England), 27(7), 787\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2013.107","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14022559","volume":"14","author":"MS Ola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ola, M. S., Nawaz, M. I., Khan, H. A., & Alhomida, A. S. (2013). Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(2), 2559\u20132572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms14022559","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"11213_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9508541","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9508541","volume":"2016","author":"C Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Dal Monte, M., Sim\u00f3, R., & Casini, G. (2016). Neuroprotection as a therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2016, 9508541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/9508541","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0110-7","volume":"32","author":"M Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma, M., Xu, Y., Xiong, S., Zhang, J., Gu, Q., Ke, B., et al. (2018). Involvement of ciliary neurotrophic factor in early diabetic retinal neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eye (London, England), 32(9), 1463\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0110-7","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.039","volume":"119","author":"QD Nguyen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nguyen, Q. D., Brown, D. M., Marcus, D. M., Boyer, D. S., Patel, S., Feiner, L., et al. (2012). Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: Results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology, 119(4), 789\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.039","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"13","key":"11213_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414264","volume":"372","author":"JA Wells","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wells, J. A., Glassman, A. R., Ayala, A. R., Jampol, L. M., Aiello, L. P., Antoszyk, A. N., et al. (2015). Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(13), 1193\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1414264","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","volume":"61","author":"R Sim\u00f3","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3, R., Stitt, A. W., & Gardner, T. W. (2018). Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy: Does it really matter? Diabetologia, 61(9), 1902\u20131912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-019-00710-6","volume":"64","author":"IH Hong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hong, I. H., Choi, W., & Han, J. R. (2020). The effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in diabetic macular edema refractory to anti-VEGF treatment. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 64(2), 196\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-019-00710-6","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.065","volume":"113","author":"MC Gillies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gillies, M. C., Sutter, F. K., Simpson, J. M., Larsson, J., Ali, H., & Zhu, M. (2006). Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema: Two-year results of a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology, 113(9), 1533\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.02.065","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2016.1131265","volume":"16","author":"RM Hussain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hussain, R. M., & Ciulla, T. A. (2016). Treatment strategies for refractory diabetic macular edema: Switching anti-VEGF treatments, adopting corticosteroid-based treatments, and combination therapy. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 16(3), 365\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14712598.2016.1131265","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy"},{"key":"11213_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106904","volume":"196","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C., Wang, Z., Yan, W., Lan, Y., Yan, X., Li, T., et al. (2023). Anti-VEGF combined with ocular corticosteroids therapy versus anti-VEGF monotherapy for diabetic macular edema focusing on drugs injection times and confounding factors of pseudophakic eyes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacological Research, 196, 106904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106904","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"key":"11213_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011599","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011599.pub2","volume":"4","author":"H Mehta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehta, H., Hennings, C., Gillies, M. C., Nguyen, V., Campain, A., & Fraser-Bell, S. (2018). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor combined with intravitreal steroids for diabetic macular oedema. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD011599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011599.pub2","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"11213_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091584","author":"A Kimura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimura, A., Namekata, K., Guo, X., Harada, C., & Harada, T. (2016). Neuroprotection, growth factors and BDNF-TrkB signalling in retinal degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17091584","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"11213_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2017.11.005","volume":"39","author":"J Mesquita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mesquita, J., Castro-de-Sousa, J. P., Vaz-Pereira, S., Neves, A., Passarinha, L. A., & Tomaz, C. T. (2018). Vascular endothelial growth factors and placenta growth factor in retinal vasculopathies: Current research and future perspectives. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 39, 102\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2017.11.005","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02086-z","volume":"60","author":"B Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, B., Li, W., Guo, C., Guo, C., & Chen, M. (2023). Early diagnosis of retinal neurovascular injury in diabetic patients without retinopathy by quantitative analysis of OCT and OCTA. Acta Diabetologica, 60(8), 1063\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-023-02086-z","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001990","volume":"39","author":"S Vujosevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vujosevic, S., Muraca, A., Alkabes, M., Villani, E., Cavarzeran, F., Rossetti, L., et al. (2019). Early microvascular and neural changes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Retina, 39(3), 435\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001990","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2411042","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202411042","volume":"12","author":"J Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao, J., Yao, W., Zhu, J. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, J. H., Ji, Y. K., et al. (2025). Targeting tRNA-derived non-coding RNA alleviates diabetes-induced visual impairment through protecting retinal neurovascular unit. Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 12(1), e2411042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202411042","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)"},{"issue":"17","key":"11213_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029004","volume":"136","author":"K Shan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shan, K., Liu, C., Liu, B. H., Chen, X., Dong, R., Liu, X., et al. (2017). Circular noncoding RNA HIPK3 mediates retinal vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 136(17), 1629\u20131642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"11213_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814874116","volume":"116","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, C., Ge, H. M., Liu, B. H., Dong, R., Shan, K., Chen, X., et al. (2019). Targeting pericyte-endothelial cell crosstalk by circular RNA-cPWWP2A inhibition aggravates diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(15), 7455\u20137464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1814874116","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00787-z","volume":"14","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, T., Li, C., Shi, M., Zhou, S., Chen, J., & Wang, F. (2022). Circular RNA circZNF532 facilitates angiogenesis and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy via regulating miR-1243\/CARM1 axis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 14(1), 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-022-00787-z","journal-title":"Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"},{"key":"11213_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05064-x","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Hu, J., Qu, X., & Hu, K. (2023). Circular RNA RSU1 promotes retinal vascular dysfunction by regulating miR-345-3p\/TAZ. Communications Biology, 6, 719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-023-05064-x","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"11213_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771552","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.771552","volume":"12","author":"X Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang, X., Yan, H., Fei, J., Jiang, M., Zhu, H., Lu, D., et al. (2021). miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA: Targeted molecules full of therapeutic prospects in diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 771552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.771552","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"11213_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174937","volume":"925","author":"S Pu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pu, S., Xu, Y., Li, X., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tong, X., et al. (2022). LncRNAs-modulators of neurovascular units in diabetic retinopathy. European Journal of Pharmacology, 925, 174937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174937","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"11213_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20171157","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20171157","volume":"37","author":"Q Gong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gong, Q., & Su, G. (2017). Roles of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Bioscience Reports, 37(6), BSR20171157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20171157","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2016.12.005","volume":"15","author":"IM Dykes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dykes, I. M., & Emanueli, C. (2017). Transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation by long non-coding RNA. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 15(3), 177\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gpb.2016.12.005","journal-title":"Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics"},{"key":"11213_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412138","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1412138","volume":"15","author":"H Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Cai, Y., Pan, J., & Chen, Q. (2024). Role of MicroRNA in linking diabetic retinal neurodegeneration and vascular degeneration. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1412138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1412138","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"11213_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664604","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1664604","volume":"16","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhang, J., Li, C., Wang, L., Tao, L., Xue, S., et al. (2025). Targeting microRNAs in diabetic retinopathy: From pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic potentials. Frontiers in endocrinology, 16, 1664604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2025.1664604","journal-title":"Frontiers in endocrinology"},{"key":"11213_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123092","volume":"357","author":"J Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, J., & Xu, Z. (2024). Roles of noncoding RNAs in diabetic retinopathy: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Life Sciences, 357, 123092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123092","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"11213_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9829","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04863-z","volume":"62","author":"Z Zuo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zuo, Z., Li, N., Zhang, Q., Liu, Q., Qin, H., & Yao, K. (2025). The role of non-coding RNAs in diabetic retinopathy: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Molecular Neurobiology, 62(8), 9829\u20139860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-04863-z","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20181469","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20181469","volume":"39","author":"P Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, P., Jia, S. B., Shi, J. M., Li, W. J., Tang, L. S., Zhu, X. H., et al. (2019). LncRNA-MALAT1 promotes neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy through regulating miR-125b\/VE-cadherin axis. Bioscience Reports, 39(5), BSR20181469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20181469","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.20","volume":"62","author":"S Biswas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biswas, S., Feng, B., Chen, S., Liu, J., Aref-Eshghi, E., Gonder, J., et al. (2021). The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is a critical epigenetic mediator of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 62(3), 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.62.3.20","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24907-w","volume":"8","author":"S Biswas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biswas, S., Thomas, A. A., Chen, S., Aref-Eshghi, E., Feng, B., Gonder, J., et al. (2018). MALAT1: An epigenetic regulator of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 6526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-24907-w","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41954","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000041954","volume":"104","author":"G Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, G., & Huang, X. (2025). LncRNA MALAT1\u2019s role in the development of retinopathy: A review. Medicine, 104(12), e41954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000041954","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"17","key":"11213_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20200694","volume":"134","author":"D Zhao","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zhao, D., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Wu, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, S., et al. (1979). Long noncoding RNA Hotair facilitates retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Clinical Science, 134(17), 2419\u20132434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20200694","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.032","volume":"479","author":"C Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, C., Li, C. P., Wang, J. J., Shan, K., Liu, X., & Yan, B. (2016). RNCR3 knockdown inhibits diabetes mellitus-induced retinal reactive gliosis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 479(2), 198\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.032","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.110","volume":"482","author":"K Shan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shan, K., Li, C. P., Liu, C., Liu, X., & Yan, B. (2017). RNCR3: A regulator of diabetes mellitus-related retinal microvascular dysfunction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 482(4), 777\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.110","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"41","key":"11213_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71325","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19921","volume":"8","author":"X He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He, X., Ou, C., Xiao, Y., Han, Q., Li, H., & Zhou, S. (2017). LncRNAs: Key players and novel insights into diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget, 8(41), 71325\u201371341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.19921","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.07.002","volume":"15","author":"S Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, S., Aurora, A. B., Johnson, B. A., Qi, X., McAnally, J., Hill, J. A., et al. (2008). The endothelial-specific microRNA miR-126 governs vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Developmental Cell, 15(2), 261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.07.002","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.12.004","volume":"31","author":"WZ Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, W. Z., Yang, J., Xue, L. P., Xiao, L. B., & Li, Y. (2017). MiR-126 overexpression inhibits high glucose-induced migration and tube formation of rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial cells by obstructing VEGFA and PIK3R2. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 31(4), 653\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.12.004","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-022-00381-7","volume":"55","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Zou, H., Ding, Q., Zou, Y., Tang, C., Lu, Y., et al. (2022). tiRNA-Val promotes angiogenesis via Sirt1-Hif-1\u03b1 axis in mice with diabetic retinopathy. Biological Research, 55(1), 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40659-022-00381-7","journal-title":"Biological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E374","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00021.2018","volume":"315","author":"Z Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang, Z., Gao, K. P., Wang, Y. X., Liu, Z. C., Tian, L., Yang, X. Z., et al. (2018). RNA sequencing identified specific circulating miRNA biomarkers for early detection of diabetes retinopathy. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 315(3), E374\u2013E385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00021.2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"11213_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1159\/000366374","volume":"34","author":"S Qing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qing, S., Yuan, S., Yun, C., Hui, H., Mao, P., Wen, F., et al. (2014). Serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, 34(5), 1733\u20131740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000366374","journal-title":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology"},{"key":"11213_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00528","volume":"11","author":"M Greco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greco, M., Chiefari, E., Accattato, F., Corigliano, D. M., Arcidiacono, B., Mirabelli, M., et al. (2020). MicroRNA-1281 as a novel circulating biomarker in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00528","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"11213_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093205","author":"M Odio-Herrera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Odio-Herrera, M., Orozco-Loaiza, G., & Wu, L. (2025). Gene therapy in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: An update. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14093205","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01308-w","volume":"20","author":"JH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J. H., Roberts, G. E., & Liu, G. S. (2020). Updates on gene therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Current Diabetes Reports, 20(7), 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-020-01308-w","journal-title":"Current Diabetes Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21566","volume":"218","author":"J Jiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiang, J., Xia, X. B., Xu, H. Z., Xiong, Y., Song, W. T., Xiong, S. Q., et al. (2009). Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by gene transfer of small interfering RNA targeting HIF-1alpha and VEGF. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 218(1), 66\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.21566","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05075-2","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, X., & Jin, H. (2022). RNA-based therapeutics: An overview and prospectus. Cell Death & Disease, 13(7), 644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-022-05075-2","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"11213_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010137","author":"S Bajan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bajan, S., & Hutvagner, G. (2020). RNA-based therapeutics: From antisense oligonucleotides to miRNAs. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9010137","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"11213_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.02.031","volume":"24","author":"J Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song, J., & Kim, Y. K. (2021). Targeting non-coding RNAs for the treatment of retinal diseases. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 24, 284\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.02.031","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"21","key":"11213_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8173","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201914751","volume":"59","author":"HS Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min, H. S., Kim, H. J., Naito, M., Ogura, S., Toh, K., Hayashi, K., et al. (2020). Systemic brain delivery of antisense oligonucleotides across the blood-brain barrier with a glucose-coated polymeric nanocarrier. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(21), 8173\u20138180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201914751","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071418","volume":"11","author":"H Ramos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos, H., Bogdanov, P., Huerta, J., De\u00e0s-Just, A., Hern\u00e1ndez, C., & Sim\u00f3, R. (2022). Antioxidant effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in early stages of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 11(7), 1418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11071418","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090846","volume":"9","author":"H Ramos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos, H., Bogdanov, P., Sampedro, J., Huerta, J., Sim\u00f3, R., & Hern\u00e1ndez, C. (2020). Beneficial effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities: Involvement of oxidative stress. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(9), 846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9090846","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"11","key":"11213_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4388-y","volume":"60","author":"C Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Bogdanov, P., Sol\u00e0-Adell, C., Sampedro, J., Valeri, M., Gen\u00eds, X., et al. (2017). Topical administration of DPP-IV inhibitors prevents retinal neurodegeneration in experimental diabetes. Diabetologia, 60(11), 2285\u20132298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-017-4388-y","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"11213_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167853","volume":"11","author":"N Dietrich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dietrich, N., Kolibabka, M., Busch, S., Bugert, P., Kaiser, U., Lin, J., et al. (2016). The DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin protects from experimental diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One, 11(12), e0167853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167853","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"11213_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193031","volume":"13","author":"J Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han, J., Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhou, T., Sun, H., Edwards, P., et al. (2018). Metformin suppresses retinal angiogenesis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One, 13(3), e0193031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0193031","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR192","first-page":"3947","volume":"8","author":"QY Yi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yi, Q. Y., Deng, G., Chen, N., Bai, Z. S., Yuan, J. S., Wu, G. H., et al. (2016). Metformin inhibits development of diabetic retinopathy through inducing alternative splicing of VEGF-A. American Journal of Translational Research, 8(9), 3947\u20133954.","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02824-y","volume":"11","author":"A Satriano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Satriano, A., Martucci, A., Adornetto, A., Benfatto, E., Tettamanti, G., Bruno, D., et al. (2025). Metformin protects retinal ganglion cells in a preclinical model of retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury and stabilizes visual field in diabetic patients with glaucoma. Cell Death Discovery, 11(1), 546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-025-02824-y","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"key":"11213_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12071061","author":"R Virgana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virgana, R., Atik, N., Gunadi, J. W., Jonathan, E., Ramadhani, D. E., Soetadji, R. S., et al. (2022). MitoTEMPOL inhibits ROS-induced retinal vascularization pattern by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in rat-injected streptozotocin model. Life. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12071061","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"11213_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2302776","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302776","volume":"11","author":"SY Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S. Y., Yoon, N. G., Im, J. Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, J., Jeon, Y., et al. (2024). Targeting the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 alleviates vascular pathologies in ischemic retinopathy. Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 11(2), e2302776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202302776","journal-title":"Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)"},{"key":"11213_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108640","volume":"209","author":"J Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, J., Cui, Y., Chen, X., Yu, H., Chen, J., Huang, T., et al. (2021). VDAC1 regulates mitophagy in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in retinal capillary endothelial cells under high-glucose conditions. Experimental Eye Research, 209, 108640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108640","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"key":"11213_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204666","author":"Y Tomita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tomita, Y., Lee, D., Tsubota, K., Negishi, K., & Kurihara, T. (2021). Updates on the current treatments for diabetic retinopathy and possibility of future oral therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10204666","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"11213_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103857","volume":"77","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhu, J., Zhong, Y., Liu, C., Yao, M., Sun, Y., et al. (2022). Targeting long noncoding RNA-AQP4-AS1 for the treatment of retinal neurovascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. eBioMedicine, 77, 103857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103857","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"11213_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20170036","author":"J Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Chen, M., Chen, J., Lin, S., Cai, D., Chen, C., et al. (2017). Long non-coding RNA MIAT acts as a biomarker in diabetic retinopathy by absorbing miR-29b and regulating cell apoptosis. Bioscience Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20170036","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"issue":"15","key":"11213_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-5189","volume":"9","author":"Z Smit-McBride","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smit-McBride, Z., & Morse, L. S. (2021). MicroRNA and diabetic retinopathy-biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Annals of Translational Medicine, 9(15), 1280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-20-5189","journal-title":"Annals of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"11213_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26909","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26909","volume":"6","author":"Y Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, Y., & Yan, H. (2016). MicroRNA-126 contributes to Niaspan treatment induced vascular restoration after diabetic retinopathy. Scientific Reports, 6, 26909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep26909","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4775","volume":"47","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Xu, H., Lu, Z., Xuan, Y., et al. (2021). MicroRNA-126 suppresses the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in experimental diabetic retinopathy by targeting polo-like kinase 4. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47(1), 151\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4775","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"11213_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201905_17778","volume":"23","author":"BW Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, B. W., Dai, H. Y., Hao, L. N., & Liu, Y. W. (2019). MiR-29 regulates retinopathy in diabetic mice via the AMPK signaling pathway. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 23(9), 3569\u20133574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201905_17778","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"11213_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2267","volume":"72","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S., Du, S., Lv, Y., Wang, W., & Zhang, F. (2020). Elevated microRNA-20b-3p and reduced thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorate diabetic retinopathy progression by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasomes. IUBMB Life, 72(7), 1433\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.2267","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"11213_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194876","author":"S Gaddam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaddam, S., Periasamy, R., & Gangaraju, R. (2019). Adult stem cell therapeutics in diabetic retinopathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20194876","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02983-0","volume":"13","author":"F Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, F., Sun, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, X., Ji, C., Zhang, J., et al. (2022). Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetic retinopathy by delivering NEDD4. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 13(1), 293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-022-02983-0","journal-title":"Stem Cell Research & Therapy"},{"key":"11213_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.11.008","volume":"33","author":"F Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, F., Sun, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, J., Chen, S., Yu, Y., et al. (2024). Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles for diabetic retinopathy therapy through HIF-1\u03b1\/EZH2\/PGC-1\u03b1 pathway. Bioactive Materials, 33, 444\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.11.008","journal-title":"Bioactive Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"11213_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000492838","volume":"49","author":"X Gu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gu, X., Yu, X., Zhao, C., Duan, P., Zhao, T., Liu, Y., et al. (2018). Efficacy and safety of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, 49(1), 40\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000492838","journal-title":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"11213_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.07.134","volume":"531","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Liu, X., Zhu, L., Li, W., Li, Z., Lu, X., et al. (2020). PG545 alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting retinal M\u00fcller cell autophagy to inhibit the inflammatory response. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 531(4), 452\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.07.134","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"11213_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.140","volume":"108","author":"H Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, H., Ji, Y., Yan, X., Su, G., Chen, L., & Xiao, J. (2018). Berberine attenuates apoptosis in rat retinal M\u00fcller cells stimulated with high glucose via enhancing autophagy and the AMPK\/mTOR signaling. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 108, 1201\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.140","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie"}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Reviews and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:03:07Z","timestamp":1793300587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":210,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["11213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-026-11213-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2629-3269","2629-3277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2629-3269","type":"print"},{"value":"2629-3277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. No financial support was received from pharmaceutical companies, biotech enterprises or other commercial organizations for the design, data collection, analysis, manuscript writing and publication of this review article. All authors confirm that they have no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests that could affect the results or conclusions presented in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}