{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T07:14:50Z","timestamp":1793776490927,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]],"date-time":"2007-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,21]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,17]],"date-time":"2007-07-17T01:07:15Z","timestamp":1184634435000},"page":"167-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Orthopedic Involvement in Antiphospholipid Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gorshtein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6399.1088","volume":"287","author":"GR Hughes","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hughes GR (1983) Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease, and the lupus anticoagulant. Br Med J 287:1088\u20131089","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"6_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.11.4120","volume":"87","author":"HP McNeil","year":"1990","unstructured":"McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990) Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:4120\u20134124","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00498-X","volume":"87","author":"BT Oshiro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oshiro BT, Silver RM, Scott JR, Yu H, Branch DW (1996) Antiphospholipid antibodies and fetal death. Obstet Gynecol 87:489\u2013493","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"6_CR4","first-page":"508","volume":"19","author":"RA Asherson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Asherson RA (1992) The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 19:508\u2013512","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2146rr","volume":"14","author":"S Vasoo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vasoo S, Sangle S, Zain M, D\u2019Cruz D, Hughes G (2005) Orthopaedic manifestations of the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Lupus 14:339\u2013345","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"6_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205283262206","volume":"326","author":"HJ Mankin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mankin HJ (1992) Nontraumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis). N Engl J Med 326:1473\u20131479","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.3.3809484","volume":"162","author":"DG Mitchell","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mitchell DG, Rao VM, Dalinka MK et al (1987) Femoral head avascular necrosis: correlation of MR imaging, radiographic staging, radionuclide imaging, and clinical findings. Radiology 162:709\u2013715","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.3393675","volume":"168","author":"BM Genez","year":"1988","unstructured":"Genez BM, Wilson MR, Houk RW et al (1988) Early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: detection in high-risk patients with MR imaging. Radiology 168:521\u2013524","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"6_CR9","first-page":"1416","volume":"18","author":"MJ Seleznick","year":"1991","unstructured":"Seleznick MJ, Silveira LH, Espinoza LR (1991) Avascular necrosis associated with anticardiolipin antibodies. J Rheumatol 18:1416\u20131417","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR10","first-page":"545","volume":"9","author":"P Vela","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vela P, Batlle E, Salas E, Marco P (1991) Primary antiphospholipid syndrome and osteonecrosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 9:545\u2013546","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10835","volume":"48","author":"MG Tektonidou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tektonidou MG, Malagari K, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Kelekis DA, Moutsopoulos HM (2003) Asymptomatic avascular necrosis in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome in the absence of corticosteroid use: a prospective study by magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum 48:732\u2013736","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"6_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.03030080028005","volume":"174","author":"EL Dubois","year":"1960","unstructured":"Dubois EL, Cozen L (1960) Avascular (aseptic) bone necrosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. JAMA 174:966\u2013971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.4.448","volume":"37","author":"FA Houssiau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Houssiau FA, N\u2019Zeusseu Toukap A, Depresseux G et al (1998) Magnetic resonance imaging-detected avascular osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: lack of correlation with antiphospholipid antibodies. Br J Rheumatol 37:448\u2013453","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR14","first-page":"654","volume":"24","author":"MA Mont","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mont MA, Glueck CJ, Pacheco IH, Wang P, Hungerford DS, Petri M (1997) Risk factors for osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 24:654\u2013662","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.8.672","volume":"48","author":"K Nagasawa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nagasawa K, Ishii Y, Mayumi T et al (1989) Avascular necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of haemostatic abnormalities. Ann Rheum Dis 48:672\u2013676","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.3.227","volume":"35","author":"FE Smith","year":"1976","unstructured":"Smith FE, Sweet DE, Brunner CM, Davis JS 4th (1976) Avascular necrosis in SLE. An apparent predilection for young patients. Ann Rheum Dis 35:227\u2013232","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80281-7","volume":"85","author":"JM Bergstein","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bergstein JM, Wiens C, Fish AJ, Vernier RL, Michael A (1974) Avascular necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Pediatr 85:31\u201335","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90057-9","volume":"79","author":"TM Zizic","year":"1985","unstructured":"Zizic TM, Marcoux C, Hungerford DS, Dansereau JV, Stevens MB (1985) Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 79:596\u2013604","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"6_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-9-682","volume":"112","author":"PE Love","year":"1990","unstructured":"Love PE, Santoro SA (1990) Antiphospholipid antibodies: anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and non-SLE disorders. Ann Intern Med 112:682\u2013697","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.194","volume":"31","author":"C Ninomiya","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ninomiya C, Taniguchi O, Kato T et al (1992) Distribution and clinical significance of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody in 349 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Intern Med 31:194\u2013199","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"6_CR21","first-page":"91","volume":"26","author":"M Brandt de","year":"1999","unstructured":"de Brandt M, Benali K, Guillevin L et al (1999) Longitudinal determination of antiphospholipid antibodies in lupus patients without previous manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. A prospective study. J Rheumatol 26:91\u201396","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR22","first-page":"284","volume":"20","author":"RA Asherson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Asherson RA, Liote F, Page B (1993) Avascular necrosis of bone and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 20:284\u2013288","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.8.895","volume":"37","author":"CC Mok","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mok CC, Lau CS, Wong RW (1998) Risk factors for avascular bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol 37:895\u2013900","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339400300108","volume":"3","author":"S Migliaresi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Migliaresi S, Picillo U, Ambrosone L et al (1994) Avascular osteonecrosis in patients with SLE: relation to corticosteroid therapy and anticardiolipin antibodies. Lupus 3:37\u201341","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"6_CR25","first-page":"451","volume":"66","author":"BP Goorney","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goorney BP, Lacey H, Thurairajasingam S, Brown JD (1990) Avascular necrosis of the hip in a man with HIV infection. Genitourin Med 66:451\u2013452","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"6_CR26","first-page":"601","volume":"24","author":"J Rademaker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rademaker J, Dobro JS, Solomon G (1997) Osteonecrosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Rheumatol 24:601\u2013604","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00008","volume":"137","author":"KD Miller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miller KD, Masur H, Jones EC et al (2002) High prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in HIV-infected adults. Ann Intern Med 137:17\u201325","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1086\/382537","volume":"38","author":"M Ramos-Casals","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M, Cervera R, Lagrutta M et al (2004) Clinical features related to antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with chronic viral infections (hepatitis C virus\/HIV infection): description of 82 cases. Clin Infect Dis 38:1009\u20131016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6_CR29","first-page":"783","volume":"30","author":"LC Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones LC, Mont MA, Le TB et al (2003) Procoagulants and osteonecrosis. J Rheumatol 30:783\u2013791","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199601000-00002","volume":"78","author":"CJ Glueck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glueck CJ, Crawford A, Roy D, Freiberg R, Glueck H, Stroop D (1996) Association of antithrombotic factor deficiencies and hypofibrinolysis with Legg\u2013Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78:3\u201313","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"6_CR31","first-page":"82","volume":"19","author":"S Gallistl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gallistl S, Reitinger T, Linhart W, Muntean W (1999) The role of inherited thrombotic disorders in the etiology of Legg\u2013Calve\u2013Perthes disease. J Pediatr Orthop 19:82\u201383","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"6_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/08880019209006399","volume":"9","author":"Y Ura","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ura Y, Hara T, Mori Y et al (1992) Development of Perthes\u2019 disease in a 3-year-old boy with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and antiphospholipid antibodies. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 9:77\u201380","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.907.326","volume":"77","author":"AE Courtney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Courtney AE, McDonnell GV, Patterson VH (2001) Human immunoglobulin for diabetic amyotrophy\u2014a promising prospect? Postgrad Med J 77:326\u2013328","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"6_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90065-7","volume":"127","author":"R Gruppo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gruppo R, Glueck CJ, McMahon RE et al (1996) The pathophysiology of alveolar osteonecrosis of the jaw: anticardiolipin antibodies, thrombophilia, and hypofibrinolysis. J Lab Clin Med 127:481\u2013488","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"6_CR35","first-page":"297","volume":"8","author":"J Alijotas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alijotas J, Argemi M, Barquinero J (1990) Kienbock\u2019s disease and antiphospholipid antibodies. Clin Exp Rheumatol 8:297\u2013298","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.006197","volume":"63","author":"WH Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo WH (2004) Multiple rib infarcts: a rare form of osteonecrosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 63:457\u2013458","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR37","first-page":"494","volume":"59","author":"MY Mok","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mok MY, Isenberg DA (2000) Avascular necrosis of a single vertebral body, an atypical site of disease in a secondary APLS. Ann Rheum Dis 59:494\u2013495","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR38","first-page":"2376","volume":"21","author":"RM Egan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Egan RM, Munn RK (1994) Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome presenting with multiple thromboses and sites of avascular necrosis. J Rheumatol 21:2376\u20132379","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.025759","volume":"64","author":"R Cervera","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cervera R, Font J, Gomez-Puerta JA et al (2005) Validation of the preliminary criteria for the classification of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 64:1205\u20131209","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80016-3","volume":"98","author":"S Bulvik","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bulvik S, Aronson I, Ress S, Jacobs P (1995) Extensive bone marrow necrosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Med 98:572\u2013574","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"6_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.50.3.261","volume":"50","author":"S Paydas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Paydas S, Ko\u00e7ak R, Zorludemir S, Baslamisli F (1997) Bone marrow necrosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Pathol 50:261\u2013262","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.5.407","volume":"51","author":"PT Murphy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murphy PT, Sivakumaran M, Casey MC, Liddicoat A, Wood JK (1998) Lymphoma associated bone marrow necrosis with raised anticardiolipin antibody. J Clin Pathol 51:407\u2013409","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"6_CR43","first-page":"195","volume":"29","author":"J Sinha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sinha J, Chowdhry I, Sedan S, Barland P (2002) Bone marrow necrosis and refractory HELLP syndrome in a patient with catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. J Rheumatol 29:195\u2013197","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR44","first-page":"2261","volume":"26","author":"CG Schaar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schaar CG, Ronday KH, Boets EP, van der Lubbe PA, Breedveld FC (1999) Catastrophic manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 26:2261\u20132264","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-199910000-00008","volume":"5","author":"AC Spyropoulos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spyropoulos AC (1999) Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava and extensive bone marrow necrosis associated with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Rheumatol 5:279\u2013284","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101019","volume":"12","author":"C Thuerl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thuerl C, Altehoefer C, Spyridonidis A, Laubenberger J (2002) Imaging findings in the rare catastrophic variant of the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Eur Radiol 12:545\u2013548","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"6_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029800169536","volume":"30","author":"J Moore","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moore J, Ma DD, Concannon A (1998) Non-malignant bone marrow necrosis: a report of two cases. Pathology 30:318\u2013320","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"6_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.016105","volume":"63","author":"S Sangle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sangle S, D\u2019Cruz DP, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR (2004) Antiphospholipid antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus, and non-traumatic metatarsal fractures. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1241\u20131243","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6_CR49","first-page":"677","volume":"14","author":"D Paran","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paran D, Segal R, Jukovsky G, Fishel B, Yaron M (1996) Transient regional osteoporosis with antiphospholipid antibodies: a report of two cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 14:677\u2013680","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"6_CR50","first-page":"251","volume":"40","author":"F Eulry","year":"1987","unstructured":"Eulry F, Bauduceau B, Clement R et al (1987) Algodystrophy and venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. Diagnostic discussion. Apropos of 3 cases. Phlebologie 40:251\u2013259","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"key":"6_CR51","first-page":"403","volume":"56","author":"F Eulry","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eulry F, Chazerain P, Magnin J et al (1989) Algodystrophy and venous thrombosis of the lower limbs: diagnostic problems. Apropos of 5 cases. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 56:403\u2013407","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic"},{"key":"6_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339900800611","volume":"8","author":"A Tsutsumi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsutsumi A, Horita T, Ohmuro J et al (1999) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 8:471\u2013473","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"6_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.19961","volume":"30","author":"GW Palmer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Palmer GW, Greco TP (2001) Diabetic thigh muscle infarction in association with antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 30:272\u2013280","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T01:48:37Z","timestamp":1559440117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,21]]}},"alternative-id":["6"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-007-0006-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-0549","1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-0549","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,13]]}}}