{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:40:38Z","timestamp":1790005238869,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]],"date-time":"2011-01-18T03:29:42Z","timestamp":1295321382000},"page":"135-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The Etiology of Paraneoplastic Autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Emanual","family":"Maverakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa N.","family":"Wehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki Shirakawa","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8248_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3647","volume":"102","author":"M Amagai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Amagai M, Nishikawa T, Nousari HC, Anhalt GJ, Hashimoto T (1998) Antibodies against desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) are present in sera from patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus and cause acantholysis in vivo in neonatal mice. J Clin Invest 102:775\u2013782","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02160-1","volume":"49","author":"Y Futei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Futei Y, Amagai M, Hashimoto T, Nishikawa T (2003) Conformational epitope mapping and IgG subclass distribution of desmoglein 3 in paraneoplastic pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:1023\u20131028","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/358155a0","volume":"358","author":"PV Lehmann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lehmann PV, Forsthuber T, Miller A, Sercarz EE (1992) Spreading of T-cell autoimmunity to cryptic determinants of an autoantigen. Nature 358:155\u2013157","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8248_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.5.652","volume":"136","author":"GM Bowen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bowen GM et al (2000) Lichenoid dermatitis in paraneoplastic pemphigus: a pathogenic trigger of epitope spreading? Arch Dermatol 136:652\u2013656","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15539-6","volume":"363","author":"L Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang L, Bu D, Yang Y, Chen X, Zhu X (2004) Castleman\u2019s tumours and production of autoantibody in paraneoplastic pemphigus. Lancet 363:525\u2013531","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8248_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012203232503","volume":"323","author":"GJ Anhalt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anhalt GJ et al (1990) Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia. N Engl J Med 323:1729\u20131735","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8248_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.03995.x","volume":"48","author":"VN Sehgal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2009) Paraneoplastic pemphigus\/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome. Int J Dermatol 48:162\u2013169","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2010.01.003","volume":"47","author":"BD Ehst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ehst BD, Minzer-Conzetti K, Swerdlin A, Devere TS (2010) Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy. Curr Probl Surg 47:384\u2013445","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg"},{"key":"8248_CR9","first-page":"233","volume":"85","author":"MI Martinez De Pablo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martinez De Pablo MI et al (2005) Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and good response to prednisone. Acta Derm Venereol 85:233\u2013235","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"8248_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04992.x","volume":"147","author":"D Mimouni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mimouni D et al (2002) Paraneoplastic pemphigus in children and adolescents. Br J Dermatol 147:725\u2013732","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930600972099","volume":"39","author":"SE Billet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Billet SE, Grando SA, Pittelkow MR (2006) Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: review of the literature and support for a cytotoxic role in pathogenesis. Autoimmunity 39:617\u2013630","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"8248_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03859.x","volume":"47","author":"T Buck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buck T, Gonzalez LM, Lambert WC, Schwartz RA (2008) Sweet\u2019s syndrome with hematologic disorders: a review and reappraisal. Int J Dermatol 47:775\u2013782","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.02668.x","volume":"45","author":"P Zappasodi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zappasodi P, Forno C, Corso A, Lazzarino M (2006) Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes in hematologic malignancies. Int J Dermatol 45:14\u201322","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.11.009","volume":"9","author":"J Sands","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sands J, Tuscano JM (2010) Geoepidemiology and autoimmune manifestations of lymphoproliferative disorders. Autoimmun Rev 9:A335\u2013A341","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"8248_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1957.01550150066007","volume":"75","author":"HO Perry","year":"1957","unstructured":"Perry HO, Brunsting LA (1957) Pyoderma gangrenosum; a clinical study of nineteen cases. AMA Arch Derm 75:380\u2013386","journal-title":"AMA Arch Derm"},{"key":"8248_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03756.x","volume":"96","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N (2001) The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 96:1116\u20131122","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"8248_CR17","first-page":"930","volume":"137","author":"MH Tan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tan MH, Gordon M, Lebwohl O, George J, Lebwohl MG (2001) Improvement of Pyoderma gangrenosum and psoriasis associated with Crohn disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody. Arch Dermatol 137:930\u2013933","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199607000-00009","volume":"23","author":"FT Veloso","year":"1996","unstructured":"Veloso FT, Carvalho J, Magro F (1996) Immune-related systemic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. A prospective study of 792 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 23:29\u201334","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"8248_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1930.01440160053009","volume":"22","author":"LA Brunsting","year":"1930","unstructured":"Brunsting LA, Goeckerman WH, O\u2019Leary PA (1930) Pyoderma (echthyma) gangrenosum\u2014clinical and experimental observations in five cases occurring in adults. Arch Dermatol Syph 22:655\u2013680","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syph"},{"key":"8248_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00004","volume":"79","author":"ML Bennett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bennett ML et al (2000) Pyoderma gangrenosum. A comparison of typical and atypical forms with an emphasis on time to remission. Case review of 86 patients from 2 institutions. Medicine (Baltimore) 79:37\u201346","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"8248_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1993.tb00841.x","volume":"34","author":"CM Duguid","year":"1993","unstructured":"Duguid CM, O\u2019Loughlin S, Otridge B, Powell FC (1993) Paraneoplastic pyoderma gangrenosum. Australas J Dermatol 34:17\u201322","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780064","volume":"80","author":"M Oka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oka M et al (2000) Interleukin-8 overexpression is present in pyoderma gangrenosum ulcers and leads to ulcer formation in human skin xenografts. Lab Invest 80:595\u2013604","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08202.x","volume":"157","author":"M Oka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oka M (2007) Pyoderma gangrenosum and interleukin 8. Br J Dermatol 157:1279\u20131281","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03766.x","volume":"143","author":"N Tanaka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanaka N, Fujioka A, Tajima S, Ishibashi A, Hirose S (2000) Elafin is induced in epidermis in skin disorders with dermal neutrophilic infiltration: interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulate its secretion in vitro. Br J Dermatol 143:728\u2013732","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2006.00697.x","volume":"77","author":"S Saito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saito S et al (2006) CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma complicated by pyoderma gangrenosum with increased levels of serum cytokines. Eur J Haematol 77:251\u2013254","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"8248_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.271","volume":"104","author":"T Kawakami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kawakami T, Yamazaki M, Soma Y (2009) Reduction of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex antibody by granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 104:2363\u20132364","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"8248_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00744.x","volume":"34","author":"V Bister","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bister V, Makitalo L, Jeskanen L, Saarialho-Kere U (2007) Expression of MMP-9, MMP-10 and TNF-alpha and lack of epithelial MMP-1 and MMP-26 characterize pyoderma gangrenosum. J Cutan Pathol 34:889\u2013898","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"8248_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.074815","volume":"55","author":"TN Brooklyn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brooklyn TN et al (2006) Infliximab for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Gut 55:505\u2013509","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"8248_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2005.00730.x","volume":"27","author":"S Mittal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mittal S, Milner BJ, Vickers MA (2005) Pyoderma gangrenosum as a cause of splenomegaly and association with a T-cell clone. Clin Lab Haematol 27:402\u2013404","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"8248_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08211.x","volume":"157","author":"TN Brooklyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brooklyn TN, Williams AM, Dunnill MG, Probert CS (2007) T-cell receptor repertoire in pyoderma gangrenosum: evidence for clonal expansions and trafficking. Br J Dermatol 157:960\u2013966","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1986.tb00466.x","volume":"13","author":"WP Su","year":"1986","unstructured":"Su WP, Schroeter AL, Perry HO, Powell FC (1986) Histopathologic and immunopathologic study of pyoderma gangrenosum. J Cutan Pathol 13:323\u2013330","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"8248_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.11.1871","volume":"187","author":"L Gapin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gapin L et al (1998) Quantitative analysis of the T cell repertoire selected by a single peptide-major histocompatibility complex. J Exp Med 187:1871\u20131883","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"8248_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0936151100","volume":"100","author":"E Maverakis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maverakis E et al (2003) Autoreactive T cells can be protected from tolerance induction through competition by flanking determinants for access to class II MHC. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:5342\u20135347","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8248_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1149","volume":"3","author":"EE Sercarz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sercarz EE, Maverakis E (2003) Mhc-guided processing: binding of large antigen fragments. Nat Rev Immunol 3:621\u2013629","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"8248_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.02.004","volume":"31","author":"E Maverakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maverakis E, Beech JT, Schneider S, Sercarz EE (2008) Presentation of a determinant by MHC class II can be prevented through competitive capture by a flanking determinant on a multideterminant peptide. J Autoimmun 31:59\u201365","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"8248_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/342183a0","volume":"342","author":"G Gammon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gammon G, Sercarz E (1989) How some T cells escape tolerance induction. Nature 342:183\u2013185","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8248_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","volume":"105","author":"EA Engels","year":"2003","unstructured":"Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM (2003) Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies. Int J Cancer 105:546\u2013551","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"8248_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00636.x","volume":"183","author":"A Melms","year":"2006","unstructured":"Melms A et al (2006) Thymus and myasthenia gravis: antigen processing in the human thymus and the consequences for the generation of autoreactive T cells. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 183:12\u201313","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"4","key":"8248_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.02.027","volume":"57","author":"A Wadhera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wadhera A et al (2007) Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity: A graft-versus-host-like disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(4):683\u2013689","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2068","volume":"101","author":"N Nagvekar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagvekar N et al (1998) A pathogenetic role for the thymoma in myasthenia gravis. Autosensitization of IL-4- producing T cell clones recognizing extracellular acetylcholine receptor epitopes presented by minority class II isotypes. J Clin Invest 101:2268\u20132277","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01600310127029","volume":"95","author":"SL Moschella","year":"1967","unstructured":"Moschella SL (1967) Pyoderma gangrenosum. A patient successfully treated with intralesional injections of steroid. Arch Dermatol 95:121\u2013123","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70172-6","volume":"9","author":"JL Jennings","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jennings JL (1983) Pyoderma gangrenosum: successful treatment with intralesional steroids. J Am Acad Dermatol 9:575\u2013580","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14783.x","volume":"125","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Christophers E (1991) Clearing of pyoderma gangrenosum by intralesional cyclosporin A. Br J Dermatol 125:499","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350160117020","volume":"144","author":"EC Rosenow 3rd","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rosenow EC 3rd, Hurley BT (1984) Disorders of the thymus. A review. Arch Intern Med 144:763\u2013770","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"8248_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1053\/ctrv.1999.0159","volume":"26","author":"PN Lara Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lara PN Jr (2000) Malignant thymoma: current status and future directions. Cancer Treat Rev 26:127\u2013131","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"8248_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"RA Good","year":"1954","unstructured":"Good RA (1954) Agammaglobulinaemia: a provocative experiment of nature. Bull Univ Minn Hosp 26:1\u201319","journal-title":"Bull Univ Minn Hosp"},{"key":"8248_CR47","first-page":"355","volume":"12","author":"W Fujimoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fujimoto W et al (2002) Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Castleman\u2019s disease and asymptomatic bronchiolitis obliterans. Eur J Dermatol 12:355\u2013359","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06599.x","volume":"153","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang J et al (2005) Autoantibody production from a thymoma and a follicular dendritic cell sarcoma associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 153:558\u2013564","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.10.1285","volume":"141","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang J et al (2005) Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with Castleman tumor: a commonly reported subtype of paraneoplastic pemphigus in China. Arch Dermatol 141:1285\u20131293","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05659.x","volume":"149","author":"OV Nikolskaia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nikolskaia OV, Nousari CH, Anhalt GJ (2003) Paraneoplastic pemphigus in association with Castleman\u2019s disease. Br J Dermatol 149:1143\u20131151","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.05.014","volume":"41","author":"WY Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim WY, Kim H, Jeon YK, Kim CW (2010) Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with immature T-cell proliferation. Hum Pathol 41:129\u2013133","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"8248_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/356607a0","volume":"356","author":"FA Harding","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harding FA, McArthur JG, Gross JA, Raulet DH, Allison JP (1992) CD28-mediated signalling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones. Nature 356:607\u2013609","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8248_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092454","volume":"207","author":"ED Thompson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thompson ED, Enriquez HL, Fu YX, Engelhard VH (2010) Tumor masses support naive T cell infiltration, activation, and differentiation into effectors. J Exp Med 207:1791\u20131804","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"8248_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2006.01.011","volume":"33","author":"TJ Hamblin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamblin TJ (2006) Autoimmune complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Oncol 33:230\u2013239","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"8248_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dearden C (2008) Disease-specific complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program, pp 450\u2013456","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2008.1.450"},{"key":"8248_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3830","volume":"176","author":"J Tomic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tomic J et al (2006) Sensitization of IL-2 signaling through TLR-7 enhances B lymphoma cell immunogenicity. J Immunol 176:3830\u20133839","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"8248_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500158789","volume":"46","author":"E Jablonska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jablonska E et al (2005) TNF family molecules in the serum of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Leuk Lymphoma 46:1307\u20131312","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"8248_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-10-3563","volume":"105","author":"AM Hall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hall AM, Vickers MA, McLeod E, Barker RN (2005) Rh autoantigen presentation to helper T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by malignant B cells. Blood 105:2007\u20132015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8248_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24176","volume":"115","author":"G Gorgun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gorgun G, Holderried TA, Zahrieh D, Neuberg D, Gribben JG (2005) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce changes in gene expression of CD4 and CD8 T cells. J Clin Invest 115:1797\u20131805","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR60","first-page":"2427","volume":"118","author":"AG Ramsay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramsay AG et al (2008) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia T cells show impaired immunological synapse formation that can be reversed with an immunomodulating drug. J Clin Invest 118:2427\u20132437","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.5.433","volume":"60","author":"M Abu-Shakra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abu-Shakra M, Buskila D, Ehrenfeld M, Conrad K, Shoenfeld Y (2001) Cancer and autoimmunity: autoimmune and rheumatic features in patients with malignancies. Ann Rheum Dis 60:433\u2013441","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"8248_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-01-129155","volume":"113","author":"DB Cines","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cines DB, Bussel JB, Liebman HA, Luning Prak ET (2009) The ITP syndrome: pathogenic and clinical diversity. Blood 113:6511\u20136521","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8248_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0642","volume":"106","author":"M Beyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beyer M et al (2005) Reduced frequencies and suppressive function of CD4\u2009+\u2009CD25hi regulatory T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after therapy with fludarabine. Blood 106:2018\u20132025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8248_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-101303","volume":"111","author":"C Dearden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dearden C et al (2008) The prognostic significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a beneficial effect of the combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide on the incidence of hemolytic anemia. Blood 111:1820\u20131826","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8248_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.12.001","volume":"38","author":"MJ Citores","year":"2010","unstructured":"Citores MJ et al (2010) CD154 expression triggered by purine analogues in vitro: correlation with treatment response and autoimmune events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol 38:165\u2013173","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"8248_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04244.x","volume":"144","author":"C Gooptu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gooptu C et al (2001) Paraneoplastic pemphigus: an association with fludarabine? Br J Dermatol 144:1255\u20131261","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8248_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","volume":"363","author":"FS Hodi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hodi FS et al (2010) Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 363:711\u2013723","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8248_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.219","volume":"40","author":"MC Bernardo Di","year":"2008","unstructured":"Di Bernardo MC et al (2008) A genome-wide association study identifies six susceptibility loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Genet 40:1204\u20131210","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"8248_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07064","volume":"454","author":"AL Shaffer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shaffer AL et al (2008) IRF4 addiction in multiple myeloma. Nature 454:226\u2013231","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8248_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42856","volume":"120","author":"PS Biswas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biswas PS et al (2010) Phosphorylation of IRF4 by ROCK2 regulates IL-17 and IL-21 production and the development of autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Invest 120:3280\u20133295","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8248_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4915","volume":"69","author":"AJ Novak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Novak AJ et al (2009) Genetic variation in B-cell-activating factor is associated with an increased risk of developing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Res 69:4217\u20134224","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"8248_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0654","volume":"100","author":"P Juszczynski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Juszczynski P et al (2002) Human leukocyte antigens class II and tumor necrosis factor genetic polymorphisms are independent predictors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma outcome. Blood 100:3037\u20133040","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8248_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24628","volume":"60","author":"VT Chu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu VT et al (2009) Systemic activation of the immune system induces aberrant BAFF and APRIL expression in B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 60:2083\u20132093","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"8248_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013420107","volume":"107","author":"W Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang W et al (2010) B-cell activating factor and v-Myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) influence progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:18956\u201318960","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8248_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80017-3","volume":"8","author":"B Lang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lang B, Vincent A (1996) Autoimmunity to ion-channels and other proteins in paraneoplastic disorders. Curr Opin Immunol 8:865\u2013871","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"8248_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2001.0442","volume":"27","author":"M Ehrenfeld","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ehrenfeld M, Abu-Shakra M, Buskila D, Shoenfeld Y (2001) The dual association between lymphoma and autoimmunity. Blood Cell Mol Diseases 27:750\u2013756","journal-title":"Blood Cell Mol Diseases"},{"key":"8248_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050","volume":"61","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dalmau J et al (2007) Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol 61:25\u201336","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8248_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81165-4","volume":"26","author":"MH Butler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Butler MH et al (2000) Autoimmunity to gephyrin in Stiff\u2013Man syndrome. Neuron 26:307\u2013312","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8248_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9176","volume":"92","author":"AS Polans","year":"1995","unstructured":"Polans AS et al (1995) Recoverin, a photoreceptor-specific calcium-binding protein, is expressed by the tumor of a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9176\u20139180","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8248_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01114.1996","volume":"16","author":"RJ Buckanovich","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buckanovich RJ, Yang YYL, Darnell RB (1996) The onconeural antigen Nova-1 is a neuron-specific RNA-Binding protein, the activity of which is inhibited by paraneoplastic antibodies. J Neurosci 16:1114\u20131122","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"8248_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506013322203","volume":"332","author":"VA Lennon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lennon VA et al (1995) Calcium-channel antibodies in the Lambert\u2013Eaton syndrome and other paraneoplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med 332:1467\u20131474","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8248_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(20010201)49:2<146::AID-ANA34>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"49","author":"Z Yu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yu Z et al (2001) CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 49:146\u2013154","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T23:00:08Z","timestamp":1559948408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["8248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-010-8248-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-0549","1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-0549","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]}}}