{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:59:28Z","timestamp":1790179168279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T22:24:50Z","timestamp":1467671090000},"page":"329-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":252,"title":["Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Peck Y.","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald Y. M.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"8548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.008","volume":"134","author":"DYM Leung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leung DYM, Guttman-Yassky E (2014) Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol 134:769\u2013779","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8548_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12512258","volume":"64","author":"K Grice","year":"1975","unstructured":"Grice K, Sattar H, Baker H, Sharratt M (1975) The relationship of transepidermal water loss to skin temperature in psoriasis and eczema. J Invest Dermatol 64(5):313\u2013315","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011040","volume":"365","author":"AD Irvine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY (2011) Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 365:1315\u20131327","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8548_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.018","volume":"127","author":"A De Benedetto","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Benedetto A, Rafaels NM, McGirt LY, Ivanov AI, Georas SN, Cheadle C, Berger A, Zhang K, Vidyasagar S, Yoshida T, Boguniewicz M, Hata T, Schneider LC, Hanifin JM, Gallo RL, Novak N, Weidinger S, Beaty TH, Leung DY, Barnes KC, Beck LA (2011) Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127:773\u2013786, e1-7","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.503","volume":"134","author":"M Omori-Miyake","year":"2014","unstructured":"Omori-Miyake M, Yamashita M, Tsunemi Y, Kawashima M, Yagi J (2014) In vitro assessment of IL-4- or IL-13-mediated changes in the structural components of keratinocytes in mice and humans. J Invest Dermatol 134:1342\u20131350","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10400.x","volume":"165","author":"D Gutowska-Owsiak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gutowska-Owsiak D, Schaupp AL, Salimi M, Taylor S, Ogg GS (2011) Interleukin-22 downregulates filaggrin expression and affects expression of profilaggrin processing enzymes. Br J Dermatol 165:492\u2013498","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10541.x","volume":"166","author":"SC Cai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cai SC, Chen H, Koh WP, Common JE, van Bever HP, McLean WH, Lane EB, Giam YC, Tang MB (2012) Filaggrin mutations are associated with recurrent skin infection in Singaporean Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 166:200\u2013203","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.09.015","volume":"126","author":"H Miajlovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miajlovic H, Fallon PG, Irvine AD, Foster TJ (2010) Effect of filaggrin breakdown products on growth of and protein expression by Staphylococcus aureus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:1184\u20131190","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.393","volume":"132","author":"SJ Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown SJ, McLean WH (2012) One remarkable molecule: filaggrin. J Invest Dermatol 132:751\u2013762","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.358","volume":"41","author":"PG Fallon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fallon PG, Sasaki T, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Saunders SP, Mangan NE, Callanan JJ, Kawasaki H, Shiohama A, Kubo A, Sundberg JP, Presland RB, Fleckman P, Shimizu N, Kudoh J, Irvine AD, Amagai M, McLean WH (2009) A homozygous frameshift mutation in the mouse Flg gene facilitates enhanced percutaneous allergen priming. Nat Genet 41:602\u2013608","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"8548_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.027","volume":"132","author":"T Sasaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sasaki T, Shiohama A, Kubo A, Kawasaki H, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Yamada T, Hachiya T, Shimizu A, Okano H, Kudoh J, Amagai M (2013) A homozygous nonsense mutation in the gene for Tmem79, a component for the lamellar granule secretory system, produces spontaneous eczema in an experimental model of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 132:1111\u20131120","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.046","volume":"132","author":"SP Saunders","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saunders SP, Goh CS, Brown SJ, Palmer CN, Porter RM, Cole C, Campbell LE, Gierlinski M, Barton GJ, Schneider G, Balmain A, Prescott AR, Weidinger S, Baurecht H, Kabesch M, Gieger C, Lee YA, Tavendale R, Mukhopadhyay S, Turner SW, Madhok VB, Sullivan FM, Relton C, Burn J, Meggitt S, Smith CH, Allen MA, Barker JN, Reynolds NJ, Cordell HJ, Irvine AD, McLean WH, Sandilands A, Fallon PG (2013) Tmem79\/Matt is the matted mouse gene and is a predisposing gene for atopic dermatitis in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 132:1121\u20131129","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.05.048","volume":"134","author":"PM Elias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elias PM, Wakefield JS (2014) Mechanisms of abnormal lamellar body secretion and the dysfunctional skin barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 134:781\u2013791","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.02.010","volume":"98","author":"DY Leung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leung DY (2013) Why is eczema herpeticum unexpectedly rare? Antiviral Res 98:153\u2013157","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"8548_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathias RA, Chavan S, Iyer K, Rafaels N, Boorgula M, Potee J, Hanifin JM, Paller A, and others. (2015) Identifying genetic determinants of atopic dermatitis and bacterial colonization using whole genome sequencing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(2):AB391 (abstract)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1903"},{"key":"8548_CR16","unstructured":"Yoshida T, Rafaels N, Babineau D, Artis K, Lockhart A, David G, Boguniewicz M, Ong P, DeBenedetto A, Hanifin J, Simpson EL, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E, Schneider L, Mathias R, Barnes K, Leung D, Beck LA. (2015) Filaggrin mutations do not associate with skin colonization in European American atopic dermatitis subjects. J Invest Dermatol 135:S58\u2013S69 (abstract)"},{"key":"8548_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.278","volume":"131","author":"HD De Koning","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Koning HD, Kamsteeg M, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Van Erp PE, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PL (2011) Epidermal expression of host response genes upon skin barrier disruption in normal skin and uninvolved skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients. J Invest Dermatol 131:263\u2013266","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01277.x","volume":"20","author":"M Niebuhr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Niebuhr M, Heratizadeh A, Wichmann K, Satzger I, Werfel T (2011) Intrinsic alterations of pro-inflammatory mediators in unstimulated and TLR-2 stimulated keratinocytes from atopic dermatitis patients. Exp Dermatol 20:468\u2013472","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.12.583","volume":"113","author":"M-DS Ahmad-Nejad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmad-Nejad M-DS, Breuer K, Klotz M, Werfel T, Herz U, Heeg K, Neumaier M, Renz H (2004) The toll-like receptor 2 R753Q polymorphism defines a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis having severe phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:565\u2013567","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02066.x","volume":"64","author":"DY Oh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oh DY, Schumann RR, Hamann L, Neumann K, Worm M, Heine G (2009) Association of the toll-like receptor 2 A-16934T promoter polymorphism with severe atopic dermatitis. Allergy 64:1608\u20131615","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"8548_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.437","volume":"133","author":"IH Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo IH, Carpenter-Mendini A, Yoshida T, McGirt LY, Ivanov AI, Barnes KC, Gallo RL, Borkowski AW, Yamasaki K, Leung DY, Georas SN, De Benedetto A, Beck LA (2013) Activation of epidermal toll-like receptor 2 enhances tight junction function: implications for atopic dermatitis and skin barrier repair. J Invest Dermatol 133:988\u2013998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.009","volume":"41","author":"Y Skabytska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skabytska Y, W\u00f6lbing F, G\u00fcnther C, K\u00f6berle M, Kaesler S, Chen KM, Guenova E, Demircioglu D, Kempf WE, Volz T, Rammensee HG, Schaller M, R\u00f6cken M, G\u00f6tz F, Biedermann T (2014) Cutaneous innate immune sensing of Toll-like receptor 2\u20136 ligands suppresses T cell immunity by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunity 41:762\u2013775","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"8548_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.185","volume":"131","author":"AT Vu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vu AT, Chen X, Xie Y, Kamijo S, Ushio H, Kawasaki J, Hara M, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Takai T (2011) Extracellular double-stranded RNA induces TSLP via an endosomal acidification- and NF-kB-dependent pathway in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 131:2205\u20132212","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm910","volume":"3","author":"V Soumelis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soumelis V, Reche PA, Kanzler H, Yuan W, Edward G, Homey B, Gilliet M, Ho S, Antonenko S, Lauerma A, Smith K, Gorman D, Zurawski S, Abrams J, Menon S, McClanahan T, De Waal-Malefyt RR, Bazan F, Kastelein RA, Liu YJ (2002) Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat Immunol 3:673\u2013680","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.063","volume":"129","author":"S Nakajima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Igy\u00e1rt\u00f3 BZ, Honda T, Egawa G, Otsuka A, Hara-Chikuma M, Watanabe N, Ziegler SF, Tomura M, Inaba K, Miyachi Y, Kaplan DH, Kabashima K (2012) Langerhans cells are critical in epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen via thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 129:1048\u20131055, e6","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481","volume":"347","author":"PY Ong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ong PY, Ohtake T, Brandt C, Strickland I, Boguniewicz M, Ganz T, Gallo RL, Leung DY (2002) Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 347:1151\u20131160","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8548_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim BS, Siracusa MC, Saenz SA, Noti M, Monticelli LA, Sonnenberg GF, Hepworth MR, Van Voorhees AS, Comeau MR, Artis D. (2013) TSLP elicits IL-33-independent innate lymphoid cell responses to promote skin inflammation. Sci Transl Med 5:170ra16","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005374"},{"key":"8548_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3365","volume":"13","author":"H Spits","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spits H, Artis D, Colonna M, Diefenbach A, Di Santo JP, Eberl G, Koyasu S, Locksley RM, McKenzie AN, Mebius RE, Powrie F, Vivier E (2013) Innate lymphoid cells\u2014a proposal for uniform nomenclature. Nat Rev Immunol 13:145\u2013149","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.446","volume":"132","author":"T Savinko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Savinko T, Matikainen S, Saarialho-Kere U, Lehto M, Wang G, Lehtim\u00e4ki S, Karisola P, Reunala T, Wolff H, Lauerma A, Alenius H (2012) IL-33 and ST2 in atopic dermatitis: expression profiles and modulation by triggering factors. J Invest Dermatol 132:1392\u20131400","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.277","volume":"131","author":"M Hvid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hvid M, Vestergaard C, Kemp K, Christensen GB, Deleuran B, Deleuran M (2011) IL-25 in atopic dermatitis: a possible link between inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction? J Invest Dermatol 131:150\u2013157","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.223","volume":"133","author":"BE Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim BE, Bin L, Ye YM, Ramamoorthy P, Leung DY (2013) IL-25 enhances HSV-1 replication by inhibiting filaggrin expression, and acts synergistically with Th2 cytokines to enhance HSV-1 replication. J Invest Dermatol 133:2678\u20132685","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11140.x","volume":"167","author":"A Alase","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alase A, Seltmann J, Werfel T, Wittmann M (2012) Interleukin-33 modulates the expression of human \u03b2-defensin 2 in human primary keratinocytes and may influence the susceptibility to bacterial superinfection in acute atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 167:1386\u20131389","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03180.x","volume":"34","author":"K Hayakawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayakawa K, Hirahara K, Fukuda T, Okazaki M, Shiohara T (2009) Risk factors for severe impetiginized atopic dermatitis in Japan and assessment of its microbiological features. Clin Exp Dermatol 34:e63\u2013e65","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.03.040","volume":"118","author":"S Benenson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benenson S, Zimhony O, Dahan D, Solomon M, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Yinnon AM (2005) Atopic dermatitis\u2014a risk factor for invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections: two cases and review. Am J Med 118:1048\u20131051","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"8548_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0707","volume":"20","author":"K Wolk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolk K, Mitsui H, Witte K, Gellrich S, Gulati N, Humme D, Witte E, Gonsior M, Beyer M, Kadin ME, Volk HD, Krueger JG, Sterry W, Sabat R (2014) Deficient cutaneous antibacterial competence in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: role of Th2-mediated biased Th17 function. Clin Cancer Res 20:5507\u20135516","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"8548_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121350","volume":"211","author":"D Staumont-Sall\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Staumont-Sall\u00e9 D, Fleury S, Lazzari A, Molendi-Coste O, Hornez N, Lavogiez C, Kanda A, Wartelle J, Fries A, Pennino D, Mionnet C, Prawitt J, Bouchaert E, Delaporte E, Glaichenhaus N, Staels B, Julia V, Dombrowicz D (2014) CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 regulate atopic dermatitis by controlling effector T cell retention in inflamed skin. J Exp Med 211:1185\u20131196","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"8548_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.02.030","volume":"113","author":"T Echigo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Echigo T, Hasegawa M, Shimada Y, Takehara K, Sato S (2004) Expression of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, in atopic dermatitis: possible contribution to skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:940\u2013948","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8548_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09145.x","volume":"161","author":"DY Leung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leung DY, Hanifin JM, Pariser DM, Barber KA, Langley RG, Schlievert PM, Abrams B, Hultsch T (2009) Effects of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis who demonstrate a clinical insensitivity to topical corticosteroids: a randomized, multicentre vehicle-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 161(2):435\u2013443","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.039","volume":"125","author":"PM Schlievert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schlievert PM, Strandberg KL, Lin YC, Peterson ML, Leung DYM (2010) Secreted virulence factor comparison between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and its relevance to atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:39\u201349","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x","volume":"160","author":"JA Warner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Warner JA, McGirt LY, Beck LA (2009) Biomarkers of Th2 polarity are predictive of staphylococcal colonization in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 160:183\u2013185","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.132250","volume":"80","author":"S Jagadeesan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jagadeesan S, Kurien G, Divakaran MV, Sadanandan SM, Sobhanakumari K, Sarin A (2014) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and disease severity in atopic dermatitis: a cross-sectional study from South India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 80:229\u2013234","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"8548_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x","volume":"162","author":"WT Lo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lo WT, Wang SR, Tseng MH, Huang CF, Chen SJ, Wang CC (2010) Comparative molecular analysis of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from children with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects in Taiwan. Br J Dermatol 162:1110\u20131116","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.04.007","volume":"2","author":"PY Ong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ong PY (2014) Recurrent MRSA infections in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2:396\u2013399","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"8548_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/03658340510012435","volume":"215","author":"DYM Leung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leung DYM (2005) Superantigens, steroid insensitivity and innate immunity in atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 215:11\u201315","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)"},{"key":"8548_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.033","volume":"117","author":"E Sonkoly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sonkoly E, Muller A, Lauerma AI, Pivarcsi A, Soto H, Kemeny L, Alenius H, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Meller S, Rieker J, Steinhoff M, Hoffmann TK, Ruzicka T, Zlotnik A, Homey B (2006) IL-31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:411\u2013417","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.10.042","volume":"129","author":"C Cornelissen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cornelissen C, Marquardt Y, Czaja K, Wenzel J, Frank J, L\u00fcscher-Firzlaff J, L\u00fcscher B, Baron JM (2012) IL-31 regulates differentiation and filaggrin expression in human organotypic skin models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 129:426\u2013433, e1-8","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12443","volume":"44","author":"V van Drongelen","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Drongelen V, Haisma EM, Out-Luiting JJ, Nibbering PH, El Ghalbzouri A (2014) Reduced filaggrin expression is accompanied by increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization of epidermal skin models. Clin Exp Allergy 44:1515\u20131524","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"8548_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x","volume":"35","author":"K Breuer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breuer K, Wittmann M, Kempe K, Kapp A, Mai U, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Mrabet-Dahbi S, Werfel T (2005) Alpha-toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 35:1088\u20131095","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"8548_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12583377","volume":"107","author":"YV Ezepchuk","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ezepchuk YV, Leung DYM, Middleton MH, Bina P, Reiser R, Norris DA (1996) Staphylococcal toxins and protein A differentially induce cytotoxicity and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 107:603\u2013609","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.10.030","volume":"131","author":"AM Brauweiler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brauweiler AM, Bin L, Kim BE, Oyoshi MK, Geha RS, Goleva E, Leung DY (2013) Filaggrin-dependent secretion of sphingomyelinase protects against staphylococcal \u03b1-toxin-induced keratinocyte death. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131:421\u2013427","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.43","volume":"134","author":"AM Brauweiler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brauweiler AM, Goleva E, Leung DY (2014) Th2 cytokines increase Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin-induced keratinocyte death through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). J Invest Dermatol 134:2114\u20132121","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.122","volume":"134","author":"JB Travers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Travers JB (2014) Toxic interaction between Th2 cytokines and Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 134:2069\u20132071","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"8548_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.017","volume":"134","author":"S Kaesler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaesler S, Volz T, Skabytska Y, K\u00f6berle M, Hein U, Chen KM, Guenova E, W\u00f6lbing F, R\u00f6cken M, Biedermann T (2014) Toll-like receptor 2 ligands promote chronic atopic dermatitis through IL-4-mediated suppression of IL-10. J Allergy Clin Immunol 134:92\u201399","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.09.002","volume":"126","author":"AT Vu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vu AT, Baba T, Chen X, Le TA, Kinoshita H, Xie Y, Kamijo S, Hiramatsu K, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Takai T (2010) Staphylococcus aureus membrane and diacylated lipopeptide induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin in keratinocytes through the Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126:985\u2013993, 993.e1-3","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.075549.107","volume":"18","author":"EA Grice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grice EA, Kong HH, Renaud G, Young AC, Comparative Sequencing Program NISC, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Wolfsberg TG, Turner ML, Segre JA (2008) A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota. Genome Res 18:1043\u20131050","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"8548_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.131029.111","volume":"22","author":"HH Kong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kong HH, Oh J, Deming C, Conlan S, Grice EA, Beatson MA, Nomicos E, Polley EC, Komarow HD, Program NSCCS, Murray PR, Turner ML, Segre JA (2012) Temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. Genome Res 22:850\u2013859","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"8548_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3228","volume":"12","author":"RL Gallo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gallo RL, Hooper LV (2012) Epithelial antimicrobial defense of the skin and intestine. Nat Rev Immunol 12:503\u2013516","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8548_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.020","volume":"124","author":"LA Beck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck LA, Boguniewicz M, Hata T, Schneider LC, Hanifin J, Gallo R, Paller AS, Lieff S, Reese J, Zaccaro D, Milgrom H, Barnes KC, Leung DY (2009) Phenotype of atopic dermatitis subjects with a history of eczema herpeticum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(2):260\u2013269","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)00896-X","volume":"49","author":"A Wollenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wollenberg A, Zoch C, Wetzel S, Plewig G, Przybilla B (2003) Predisposing factors and clinical features of eczema herpeticum: a retrospective analysis of 100 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:198\u2013205","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8548_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1345","volume":"117","author":"MD Howell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Howell MD, Wollenberg A, Gallo RL, Flaig M, Streib JE, Wong C, Pavicic T, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY (2006) Cathelicidin deficiency predisposes to eczema herpeticum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117(4):836\u2013841","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8548_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.006","volume":"24","author":"MD Howell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Howell MD, Gallo RL, Boguniewicz M, Jones JF, Wong C, Streib JE, Leung DY (2006) Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis skin subverts the innate immune response to vaccinia virus. Immunity 24(3):341\u2013348","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"8548_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.016","volume":"25","author":"PS Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao PS, Rafaels NM, Mu D, Hand T, Murray T, Boguniewicz M, Hata T, Schneider L, Hanifin JM, Gallo RL, Gao L, Beaty TH, Beck LA, Leung DY, Barnes KC (2010) Genetic variants in thymic stromal lymphopoietin are associated with atopic dermatitis and eczema herpeticum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 25:1403\u20131407, e4","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.003","volume":"128","author":"MD Howell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howell MD, Gao P, Kim BE, Lesley LJ, Streib JE, Taylor PA, Zaccaro DJ, Boguniewicz M, Beck LA, Hanifin JM, Schneider LC, Hata TR, Gallo RL, Kaplan MH, Barnes KC, Leung DY (2011) The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) increases the propensity of patients with atopic dermatitis toward disseminated viral skin infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:1006\u20131014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.010","volume":"127","author":"DY Leung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leung DY, Gao PS, Grigoryev DN, Rafaels NM, Streib JE, Howell MD, Taylor PA, Boguniewicz M, Canniff J, Armstrong B, Zaccaro DJ, Schneider LC, Hata TR, Hanifin JM, Beck LA, Weinberg A, Barnes KC (2011) Human atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum is associated with abnormalities in IFN-\u03b3 response. J Allergy Clin Immuno 127:965\u2013973, e1-5","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immuno"},{"key":"8548_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao PS, Leung DY, Rafaels NM, Boguniewicz M, Hand T, Gao L, Hata TR, Schneider LC, Hanifin JM, Beaty TH, Beck LA, Weinberg A, Barnes KC (2012) Genetic variants in interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) are associated with atopic dermatitis and eczema herpeticum. J Invest Dermatol 132:650\u2013657","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.374"},{"key":"8548_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.07.018","volume":"134","author":"L Bin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bin L, Edwards MG, Heiser R, Streib JE, Richers B, Hall CF, Leung DY (2014) Identification of novel gene signatures in patients with atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 134:848\u2013855","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.06.019","volume":"130","author":"L Bin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bin L, Kim BE, Brauweiler A, Goleva E, Streib J, Ji Y, Schlievert PM, Leung DY (2012) Staphylococcus aureus \u03b1-toxin modulates skin host response to viral infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 130:683\u2013691, e2","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8548_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001815107","volume":"107","author":"GA Wilke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilke GA, Bubeck WJ (2010) Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin-mediated cellular injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:13473\u201313478","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"8548_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1","volume":"64","author":"BW Petersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petersen BW, Damon IK, Pertowski CA, Meaney-Delman D, Guarnizo JT, Beigi RH, Edwards KM, Fisher MC, Frey SE, Lynfield R, Willoughby RE (2015) Clinical guidance for smallpox vaccine use in a postevent vaccination program. MMWR Recomm Rep 64:1\u201326","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"8548_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.024","volume":"125","author":"DN Grigoryev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grigoryev DN, Howell MD, Watkins T, Chen YC, Cheadle C, Boguniewicz M, Barnes KC, Leung DY (2010) Vaccinia virus-specific molecular signature in atopic dermatitis skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125:153\u2013159, e28","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8548_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1400","volume":"299","author":"AC Patera","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patera AC, Pesnicak L, Bertin J, Cohen JI (2002) Interleukin 17 modulates the immune response to vaccinia virus infection. Virology 299(1):56\u201363","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8548_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.042","volume":"124","author":"MK Oyoshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oyoshi MK, Murphy GF, Geha RS (2009) Filaggrin-deficient mice exhibit TH17-dominated skin inflammation and permissiveness to epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(3):485\u2013493","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"35","key":"8548_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904021106","volume":"106","author":"MK Oyoshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oyoshi MK, Elkhal A, Kumar L, Scott JE, Koduru S, He R, Leung DY, Howell MD, Oettgen HC, Murphy GF, Geha RS (2009) Vaccinia virus inoculation in sites of allergic skin inflammation elicits a vigorous cutaneous IL-17 response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(35):14954\u201314959","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"8548_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyoshi MK, Beaupr\u00e9 J, Venturelli N, Lewis CN, Iwakura Y, Geha RS. (2015) Filaggrin deficiency promotes the dissemination of cutaneously inoculated vaccinia virus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(6):1511\u20131518.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1923"},{"key":"8548_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3175","volume":"132","author":"EF Mathes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mathes EF, Oza V, Frieden IJ, Cordoro KM, Yagi S, Howard R, Kristal L, Ginocchio CC, Schaffer J, Maguiness S, Bayliss S, Lara-Corrales I, Garcia-Romero MT, Kelly D, Salas M, Oberste MS, Nix WA, Glaser C, Antaya R (2013) \u201cEczema coxsackium\" and unusual cutaneous findings in an enterovirus outbreak. Pediatrics 132:e149\u2013e157","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"8548_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.07.018","volume":"2","author":"VK Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson VK, Hayman JL, McCarthy CA, Cardona ID (2014) Successful treatment of eczema coxsackium with wet wrap therapy and low-dose topical corticosteroid. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2:803\u2013804","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"8548_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70976-4","volume":"14","author":"PN Harris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harris PN, Wang AD, Yin M, Lee CK, Archuleta S (2014) Atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease: eczema coxsackium can also occur in adults. Lancet Infect Dis 14:1043","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T05:53:17Z","timestamp":1660629197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12016-016-8548-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-0549","1559-0267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-0549","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}